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1、第2單元 代詞（一）人稱代詞1、主格作主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上人稱代詞并用時(shí)，單數(shù)順序?yàn)榈诙?，第三，第一人稱；復(fù)數(shù)為第一，第二，第三人稱。 例 You, he and I are all in Grade One. We, you and they have been to Hang Zhou. 有表示承認(rèn)過(guò)失或有不好的意思時(shí)，單數(shù)按第一，第三，第二人稱排列；復(fù)數(shù)按第三，第二，第一人稱排列。 例 It was I and Tom that broke the window. They, you and we should leave there at once. 注意：it用法較靈活，可指天氣、季節(jié)、
2、時(shí)間、明暗、距離、狀況、形式主語(yǔ)及形式賓語(yǔ)等。 2、賓格用在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面作賓語(yǔ) 例I bought it for you. Let us go, will you? 3、形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語(yǔ)，后面要跟名詞，名詞性物主代詞單獨(dú)使用，作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 例His school is not so large as hers. Their team is stronger than ours. （二）指示代詞1、that, those指前面提到過(guò)的名詞，但不可用this, these 例The weather today is warmer than that yesterday. 2
3、、打電話時(shí)用 that 例This is Bruce speaking, who is that? 3、剛才提到的事情，在英文中用that 例He was ill yesterday. Im sorry to hear that.4、this,these指在方位上較近的人或物 that,those指在方位上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物 有關(guān)詞組及應(yīng)用 例This is my shirt, thats yours. 例These TVs are made in China, those are made in Japan. （三）反身代詞：主要用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣單數(shù)myself yourself himself he
4、rself itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselves yourselves themselves反身代詞有以下常見搭配enjoy oneself = have a good time by oneself = alonehelp oneself tolearn sth. by oneself = teach oneself sth. help yourselves to例：I myself did it (I did it myself).She cant dress herself. （四）不定代詞：不是指明代替特定名詞（或形容詞）的代詞 如：all, each, every, both, eit
5、her, neither none, one, little, few, many, much,other, another, some, any, no以及由some, any, no, every 等構(gòu)成的合成代詞1、it與one的區(qū)別例I have a nice watch. Do you like it ?(the match) I have a nice watch. Would you like to buy one ?(a watch) 2、every與each 的區(qū)別every單數(shù)名詞,表示“每一個(gè)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)共性、整體,只作定語(yǔ),形式上為單數(shù).不與of 連用; each 表示“每
6、一個(gè)”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性,作定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ),常與of 連用。例Every one of us is fond of English. (全體) Every child likes playing games. (全體) We each have a bike.(個(gè)別)Each of them has a nice skirt. (個(gè)別)3、everyone, no one與every one, noneeveryone，no one,只能指人，不能指物，不能和of短語(yǔ)連用，every one,none,既可指人，也可指物，可與of短語(yǔ)連用。例Is everyone here today!No
7、 one told us that who wasnt there.None of you watched carefully enough.4、another 與other的區(qū)別 Another：泛指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的另一個(gè)例This is not good enough, show me another, please. I dont want this coat. Please show me another.other：后面接名詞，泛指別的、其他的例 Do you have any other questions?the other：1. 特指兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè) 例He has two s
8、ons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor.2. 修飾名詞，特指另一個(gè)、另一些 例Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.Others：泛指其他的人或物 例1)He often helps others. 2)Some are playing basketball, others are playing football.the others：特指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部人或物 例1) There are fifty students in our cl
9、ass. 2) Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.one.the other ： 一個(gè)，另一個(gè)，表示兩個(gè)當(dāng)中另一個(gè)例This is not good enough, show me another, please.例I have two daughters, one is married and the other is a college student.5、some一般用于肯定句中，any用于疑問(wèn)句，否定句和條件句中，但有些問(wèn)句表示請(qǐng)求、建議或希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí)，仍用some，any還可表示“任何的”意思。 some用于肯定句中的情
10、況例There are some flowers in front of the house. any用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中的情況例Do you have any picture-books?She is younger than any other student in her class.注意：some有時(shí)也可用于表示請(qǐng)求、征求意見的疑問(wèn)句中 例1) Would you like some meat? 你想要些肉嗎？ 2) May I ask some questions? 我可以問(wèn)問(wèn)題嗎？3) Could I have some apples? 我可以吃蘋果嗎？ 4) Why didnt
11、you buy some bananas? 為什么你不買些香蕉呢？6、both表示兩者都，而all表示三者或三者以上，both和all用于助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前： 例My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers. Both Jim and Tom are students. We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada. They all come from Australia. 7、either(兩者任一) 與neither (兩者無(wú)一), either
12、of, neither of后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式 either “兩者中任何一個(gè)”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù); 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后跟名詞單數(shù)例There are trees on either side of the street.= There are trees on both sides of the street. Do you know either of the two ladies? neither “(兩者)都不”,含有否定意義，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù); 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后跟名詞單數(shù)例Neither answer is right. -Are the two answers corre
13、ct? -No, neither is correct. 8、any(三者以上任一) 與none (三者以上無(wú)一)，相當(dāng)于not any 例You can choose any of the three on the table.As we were asleep, none of us heard the sound. 9、many, much, few, a few, little, a littlemany, few, a few修飾可數(shù)名詞much，little，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞a few與a little表示肯定few與little表示否定 例Could I have
14、a few words with you?I have few friends except you.Hurry up, there is little time left.They went on with their work after a little rest. （五）物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的關(guān)系1. 形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞 注意：名詞性物主代詞在句中所指代的關(guān)系是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 例1) These books arent ours. Ours are new.(our books = ours) 2) This is not our room.
15、Ours is over there.(our room = ours)2. “of +名詞性物主代詞”表示所屬 例Tom is a friend of mine 湯姆是我的一個(gè)朋友other staff of the Centre. During the war, Zhu was transferred back to Jiangxi, and Director of the new Office in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Committee Secretary. Starting in 1939 served as recorder of the West North
16、Organization, Secretary of the Special CommitteeAfter the victory of the long March, he has been the Northwest Office of the Federation of State enterprises Minister, Shenmu fugu SAR missions, Director of Ningxia County party Committee Secretary and recorder of the County party Committee Secretary, Ministers and
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法代詞教案
