【機械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻翻譯】2003上海國際隧道工程研討會【word英文2330字6頁word中文翻譯3576字4頁】
【機械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻翻譯】2003上海國際隧道工程研討會【word英文2330字6頁word中文翻譯3576字4頁】,機械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻翻譯,word英文2330字6頁,word中文翻譯3576字4頁,機械類,畢業(yè)論文,中英文,對照,對比,比照,文獻,翻譯,上海國際,隧道,工程,研討會,word,英文,中文翻譯
附錄A 2003上海國際隧道工程研討會
隨著新世紀的到來和我國基礎設施建設的發(fā)展，各類機械化掘進水道工程的大量興建，使得研究掘進機隧道工程技術的最優(yōu)化顯得尤為重要，而目前對于掘進機隧道工程的很多方面的最優(yōu)化問題還沒有開展研究，因而對掘進機隧道工程技術的最優(yōu)化問題進行研究并應用到掘進機隧道工程是十分比要的。
鑒于對掘進機隧道工程系統(tǒng)分析獲得的結(jié)果，我們將注意力集中到解決與資金、施工方法和掘進機類型相關的最優(yōu)化問題，并對隧道掘進機及相應施工方法的選擇和施工運輸系統(tǒng)的效率進行了較為深入的研究。
科學家們采用系統(tǒng)工程的ESQ方法，通過大量調(diào)研并結(jié)合在這一相關領域的長期實踐經(jīng)驗，建立了掘進機隧道工程的輔助決策模型和響應程序。輔助決策最優(yōu)化程序使得工程早期在掘進機選型和施工方法選擇的決策中充分體現(xiàn)施工專家的觀點成為可能，可以有效地指導掘進機隧道工程掘進機選型和施工方法選擇。從經(jīng)濟角度講，隧道掘進機的正確選擇決定了機械化掘進隧道的成功與否，對掘進機隧道工程而言，這方面的課題是非常重要的。然而，迄今為止，隧道工程界在這方面缺少深入研究。
TBM（全斷面隧道掘進機）隧道技術正向大斷面、大深度、長距離掘進發(fā)展，許多技術難題已經(jīng)得到或正在得到解決。日本三菱重工、川崎重工、石川島播磨和德國海瑞克公司在大斷面和異行斷面盾構(gòu)掘進機的研究、發(fā)展和制造方面，不斷的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展。
進入21世紀以來，中國掀起了城市地鐵工程建設高潮，上海、廣州、北京、深圳、南京、天津的地鐵隧道工程，紛紛引進了世界先進的盾構(gòu)掘進機和工程技術，目前有40余臺盾構(gòu)正在掘進地鐵隧道，并在地鐵工程的設計、襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)、試驗研究、施工技術、工程監(jiān)測和環(huán)境安全等眾多方面得到了技術進步和發(fā)展。
我國首臺雙圓盾構(gòu)掘進機應用于上海地鐵8號區(qū)間隧道工程，并以每天5~6m的速度向前延伸。經(jīng)過上海隧道股份科技施工人員多年的努力，中國成為世界上第二個掌握雙圓隧道施工技術的國家。在不久的將來，三圓乃至多圓隧道也將可能穿行于神州大地。雙圓盾構(gòu)在外行上猶如一對聯(lián)體的普通盾構(gòu)，在功能上卻具有普通盾構(gòu)不能比擬的優(yōu)勢。雙圓盾構(gòu)一次推進就能完成地鐵上、下行線兩條隧道，施工效率的效率不言而喻雙圓隧道，不僅比普通隧道更少占用地下空間，有效地節(jié)約了空間資源、保護了環(huán)境，而且在建筑物下狹小的空間中穿行的能力也優(yōu)于普通隧道；最為重要的是，雙圓隧道在兩條隧道相交處，每1.5m的距離中就自然形成一個48cm的通道，正好能容納一個成年人通過。一旦隧道中遭遇火警等險情，人員逃生和救助變得極為便利，隧道的安全性大大提高。
盾構(gòu)法施工的隧道區(qū)間，有時巖性變化很大，圍巖時軟時硬，有些地區(qū)在同一斷面內(nèi)，出現(xiàn)上軟下硬，甚至在地層中夾有堅硬的巖層或巖體，在這種情況下，繼續(xù)采用盾構(gòu)法掘進，在技術上、經(jīng)濟上和進度上都未必是最恰當?shù)?，此時，分辨不同情況，適當?shù)剡x用一些傳統(tǒng)的輔助方法，是解決問題的一種手段。
科學家們從分析不同隧道掘進機的施工單元入手，建立了不同隧道掘進機類型的隧道工程的軌道施工運輸反感最優(yōu)化模型。最優(yōu)化分析的基本思想是先求得使時間最省的岔道間距，然后進一步分析不同的反感的經(jīng)濟價格比，求出最省錢的軌道運輸方案。在模型建立的過程中，科學家們將多目標最優(yōu)化理論、掘進機隧道工程造價分析方法和具體的施工工藝相融合，得到了土壓平衡盾構(gòu)、泥水平衡盾構(gòu)和雙護盾構(gòu)隧道掘進機的軌道施工運輸方法的最優(yōu)化模型。由于使用EXCEL編程，隧道掘進工程水平運輸系統(tǒng)的最優(yōu)化程序的使用極為方便。最優(yōu)化程序?qū)鴥?nèi)外盾構(gòu)工程進行了分析和設計。
一條隧道令人厭煩的機器(TBM)通常由一兩塊護蓋(大的金屬汽缸)和拖支持機制組成。At 在護蓋的正面端切車輪的旋轉(zhuǎn)被放。 在剪報車輪后面，有一間寢室在哪里， 取決于這類型TBM，被挖掘的土壤被或者與淤漿(所謂淤漿TBM)混合或者照原樣離開。 TBM的某種類型的選擇取決于土壤條件。 系統(tǒng)給土壤(土壤與淤漿混合)的排除也存在。都市的挖隧道有要求地表面是未擾動的的特別的挑戰(zhàn)。 這表明地減小必須被避免。 這種正常的方法正做這是在隧道建設期間和在隧道建設之后保持土壤壓力。雖然很多對TBMs的研究已經(jīng)被公布， 并且TBMs的應用性已經(jīng)被討論，相當多的意見的差別仍然在作者之間存在挖隧道的TBM的可行性的評價因為應該被考慮到的大量參數(shù)經(jīng)常錯綜復雜.隧道令人厭煩的機器效率和能力已經(jīng)被明顯地在過去15 年增加， 并且可能性今天非常不同于在70 和80 年代存在的那些， 當因為政治和經(jīng)濟關心一條地中海-死海運河和隧道工程的老計劃被提議并且拋棄時。 今天， 根據(jù)最有經(jīng)驗的隧道令人厭煩的專家， 建造一條分裂的10 米內(nèi)徑的混凝土的襯砌隧道從Palmahim到價值大約10億美元的Nahal Avnat是可能的。 參考隧道估計連接在設計下看見一估計以高級隧道哈爾克羅組有限公司，英國的設計工程師準備的概念。我國新一代全斷面掘進機在中國第二重型機械集團公司研制成功，這標志著我國在該種設備制造領域已達到世界先進水平。 據(jù)二重集團有關專家介紹，全斷面掘進機是專門用于地下隧道工程開挖的智能化大型成套裝備，能一次挖掘成型，同時對隧道進行水泥加固，使巖石隧道工程告別了“隧道隧道，打眼放炮”的老辦法，具有快速、安全、高效、環(huán)保的特點。首臺產(chǎn)品直徑3.65米，每24小時掘進速度可達180米，將被用于云南掌鳩河引水工程。專家估計，未來20年內(nèi)全國鐵路、公路、水利、油氣、市政等工程共需完成5800公里隧道。長期以來，我國使用的掘進機都依賴整機引進。新一代全斷面掘進機的問世有助于降低我國隧道施工成本，具有廣闊市場前景.
煤礦錨桿孔鉆進設備的發(fā)展前途
錨桿支護是有宜于加快井巷掘進速度、提高頂板支護效果、降低支護勞動強度和減少支護材料消耗的先進技術。我國僅國有重點煤礦每年掘進500多萬米巷道，1997年末，錨桿支護率全國平均已達31.5%，按規(guī)劃，到2000年，錨桿支護率平均應達到50%，但已有大同、邢臺、平頂山、鐵法、西山、龍口等16個礦務局率先使錨桿支護率超過50%。國外先進采煤國錨桿支護率往往超過80%。
錨桿孔鉆進是錨桿支護施工的重要環(huán)節(jié)，錨桿支護的發(fā)展需要大量錨桿孔鉆進設備作保證。錨桿孔鉆進設備包括錨桿鉆機和配套鉆具(鉆桿、鉆頭等)。分析錨桿孔鉆進設備現(xiàn)狀，展望它的發(fā)展前途，有助于不斷促進錨桿孔鉆進設備的技術進步，使其適應錨桿支護技術的需要。1 錨桿孔鉆進設備以錨桿鉆機為主體。錨桿鉆機按結(jié)構(gòu)分為單體式、鉆車式、機載式；按動力分為電動式、氣動式、液壓式；按破巖方式分為回轉(zhuǎn)式、沖擊式、沖擊回轉(zhuǎn)式、回轉(zhuǎn)沖擊式。與錨桿鉆機配套的鉆具，因破巖方式不同而不同，總的來說有回轉(zhuǎn)類破巖鉆具、沖擊類破巖鉆具以及回轉(zhuǎn)沖擊類破巖鉆具。國外錨桿孔鉆進設備的品種與功能多樣，技術性能優(yōu)越，可靠性高。2 煤礦用錨桿孔鉆進設備存在的主要技術問題 2.1 開發(fā)的品種多，但性能適宜且可靠性好的產(chǎn)品不多;2.2 回轉(zhuǎn)式錨桿鉆機扭矩性能偏低，加上鉆頭耐磨性能的影響，尚不能滿足抗壓強度大于60 MPa高磨蝕性巖石的錨桿孔鉆進; 2.3 錨桿鉆機產(chǎn)品可靠性差，很多產(chǎn)品難以在井下連續(xù)正常使用 ; 3 煤礦錨桿孔鉆進設備的前途: 錨桿孔鉆進設備是錨桿支護發(fā)展的客觀需要，它必然按一定規(guī)律向前發(fā)展，錨桿鉆機及其配套鉆具的研究、開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)與使用，都必須符合客觀規(guī)律。分析國內(nèi)外有關信息，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗教訓，注意煤礦錨桿孔鉆進設備發(fā)展的基本趨向，有利于使產(chǎn)品在市場競爭中不斷發(fā)展。3.1 氣動、液壓單體回轉(zhuǎn)式錨桿鉆機是一個時期的主流;3.2 研究錨桿鉆機扭矩與改革鉆頭是發(fā)展回轉(zhuǎn)式錨桿孔鉆進設備的關鍵;3.3 高新技術的發(fā)展，有宜于錨桿孔鉆進技術的變革。幾十年來，錨桿孔鉆進設備已有了一定的提高，隨著知識經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，錨桿鉆機及其配套鉆具會逐漸有所變革，預計在以下方面會引起產(chǎn)品的重大變化：
(1)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化以及高科技新材料的應用，使單體錨桿鉆機性能提高、重量減輕。 采用了高新技術的巖石鉆頭將使回轉(zhuǎn)式鉆進方式擴大應用范圍。
(2)高科技微電子技術在不同動力、不同類型錨桿鉆機上的應用，可能會使錨桿鉆機發(fā)生某 些根本性的變革，例如改變鉆機特性、改善操作性能、提高可靠性等。國外已探討計算機控制的錨桿孔鉆進與錨桿安裝的綜合性自動化設備。鑿巖機器人的成功應用必將有力地促進錨桿孔鉆進設備的進步。
(3)錨桿孔鉆進設備的發(fā)展，以錨桿支護技術與鑿巖技術的發(fā)展為基礎，錨桿支護新類型 、新材料的出現(xiàn)會對錨桿鉆機的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、技術性能與功能提出新的要求。錨桿孔鉆機的開發(fā)必須緊隨錨桿支護的技術發(fā)展。同時，鑿巖技術的發(fā)展會促進錨桿孔鉆進設備的提高。不同鑿巖方式的研究以及通用鑿巖機具的研究成果，都將會及時地移植到錨桿孔鉆進設備的開發(fā)上來。
(4)錨桿孔鉆進設備是錨桿支護的關鍵設備，它影響著錨桿支護的質(zhì)量--錨桿孔的方位、 深度、孔徑的準確性以及錨桿安裝質(zhì)量，又涉及操作者的人身安全、勞動強度與作業(yè)條件。 錨桿孔鉆進設備的核心是高效與安全。發(fā)展煤礦錨桿孔鉆進設備以高效、安全為核心，就會有強勁的競爭力，這是產(chǎn)品具有發(fā)展前途的根本。
附錄B Organizing Committee of 2003 Shanghai
International Symposium on Tunnel Engineeringwith the development of our building infrastructure in the new century, the construction of different types of TBMprojets is booming. Therefore, it is important to study the optimization of TBM tunneling technology. Since the study of the optimization technology is still neo in many finelds of TBM tunneling, it is necessary to study this subject and ultimately apply the result of study to real projects.
Based on the result of system engineering analysis tor TBM tunneling, we should focus on solving the optimization problems that relate to capital spending. Construction methods and TBM machines . This is the reason why we paid special attention in this article to the selection of TBM machines and related construction methods .
By applying both the leveling method of Operations Research and ESQ method of System Engineering , the TBM Tunneling Decision Aids model and its program (TBMT-DAM) have been set up based on my extensive research and experience in this field. Thanks to the TBMT-DAM, it becomes possible for the construction specialist’s knowledge to be adopted in the early stage of the TBM project for and its related construction methods selection. This is crucial to guide the selection of TBM and its related construction methods effectively .
From the point of view of technological economy, the proper selection of TBM will influence the success of TBM tunneling . Although this subject represents the most important aspect of TBM tunneling, relevant theoretincal research is still rare . This article thus provides new research results for the TBM tunneling field.
TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine) driven tunneling technique would be expected to be developed towards larger cross section,hyper deep depth,and longer distance,with many technical problems having been resolved or being resolved.Mitsubishi,Kaoasaki,IHI lf Japan and Germany’s Herrenknecht have all made continuous innovation and success in R&D and manufacture of shield machines in terms of large cross section and copy profiled section.
Entering the 21 century, China has since been seen a high tide of urban traffic tunnel project construction,by introducing successively shield tunneling technology and engineering technique of advanced world level,ad more than 40 shields are tunndling Metro tunnels where technical advancement and development have been gained in the aspects of project design,lining design,testing and study,construction technology,engineering monitoring&measuring,environmental safety or others for which 19 lecruies were made concerning Metro tunnel construction.
The first in China DOT shield deployed in running section ,Shanghai Metro Line 8, has been thrusting forward at a speed 5-6m/day .Due to efforts made by technical people and tunnellers of STEC. China becomes the world’s second country to grasp the construction technique of DOT tunnel. In a near future triple 0 or multiple 0 tunnels might be snsking through China’s ancient land.
China’s first DOT shield aooears to be a pair of strapped conventional shields, with superior functions incomparable to conventional shield’s . After one thrust by DOT shield, two tubes (upperbound and lowerbound) would be completed with work efficiency out of question . DOT tunnel occupies less under ground space than the conventional one , efficiently sauing space resource,and protecting environment,besides,the ability with which the shield can probe its way within narrow space between buildings is also superior than that of conventional one. The most important point rests at the place where two tubes intersects,as a natural 48cm passage is generated at each 1.5m spacing to allow one adult person passing through .Once shoud there be afire alarm or the like hazardous situation,people escape and rescue can easily be auailable,thus enhancing the safety of tunnel .
In some cases, there are outstanding differences of rock property between the upper and the lower in a running section, for example, the upper medium is very soft while the lower very hard, even there are some hard rock er rock body scattering in the soft stratum. In that case, probably it is not the best choice to use shield tunneling method to construct the tunnel in terms to technicality, economic and scheduled progress. Acoording to different conditions, we could properly adopt some traditional means to solve those kinds of problems in shield tunneling project.
Scentisis from analysis of each construction node for different TBMs, establishes different optimized models of rail transportantion proposal during tunneling by different types of TBMs. The basic thinking of optimized analysis is to find the most time saving branch off spacing, then to analyze further cost effectiveness tor different proposals, leading to find out the most money saving transportation proposal. During the process of modeling, scentists have fusde together multi-targer optimization theory,construction cost analysis method of TBM tunneling , with specific construction technology, therefore he gers at hand optimized model of rail track transportation methods tor TBM, Hydroshield , and Double shield TBM. Since by utilizing EXCEL programming, it makes much easier for application of optimized programme in horizontal transportation system duiing tunneling. The optimized programme has taken up analysis and design of shields both domestic and overseas.
A tunnel boring machine (TBM) typically consists of one or two shields (large metal cylinders) and trailing support mechanisms. At the front end of the shield a rotating cutting wheel is located. Behind the cutting wheel there is a chamber where, depending on the type of the TBM, the excavated soil is either mixed with slurry (so-called slurry TBM) or left as-is. The choice for a certain type of TBM depends on the soil conditions. Systems for removal of the soil (or the soil mixed with slurry) are also present. Urban tunneling has the special challenge of requiring that the ground surface be undisturbed. This means that ground subsidence must be avoided. The normal method is doing this is to maintain the soil pressures during and after the tunnel construction. Although a great deal of research on TBMs have been published, and the applicability of TBMs has been discussed, considerable differences in opinion still exist between authors .The assessment of the feasibility of TBM tunneling is often complicated by the large number of parameters that should be taken into account .Tunnel Boring Machine efficiencies and capabilities have been tremendously increased in the last fifteen years, and the possibilities today are greatly different from those that existed in the seventies and eighties when the old plans for a Mediterranean Sea-Dead Sea canal and tunnel project was proposed and abandoned because of political and economic concerns. Today, according to the most experienced tunnel boring experts, it is possible to build a segmented concrete lined tunnel of ten meter inside diameter from Palmahim to Nahal Avnat for approximately one billion US dollars. Refer to the tunnel estimates link under design concepts to see an estimation prepared by the senior tunnel design engineer of Halcrow Group Ltd, UK .The whole section tunnelling machine of a new generation of our country is developed successfully in the second heavy-duty mechanical group company of China, this indicates our country has already reached the advanced international standards on this kind of equipment manufacturing field. According to the introduction of relevant experts of dual group, the whole section person who tunnel used in underground tunnel intelligent to equip in a complete set while being full-length specially, can one excavate shaping, strengthen the cement to the tunnel at the same time , make the rock tunnel project say good-bye to " tunnel tunnel ", old method on punch a hole to set off firecrackers ", have fast, safe, high-efficient, characteristic of environmental protection. First sets of products 3.65 of diameter, tunnel speed can up to 180, use quilt for Yunnan palm turtledove' s river diversion works every 24 hours. The expert estimates , such projects as the national railway , highway , water conservancy , oil gas , municipal administration ,etc. need to finish tunnel of 5800 kilometers altogether in the following 20 years. For a long time, the tunnelling machine that our country uses relies on the complete machine to introduce . A new generation the whole section appearance of person who tunnel is it reduce of our country tunnel construct the cost to contribute to, have wide market prospects.
The coal mine anchor man pole bore drills into the development prospect of the equipments
Stock is it is it have suitable to accelerate well lane tunnel speed , raise roof prop up result of protecting , is it prop up labour intensity of partial toing and reduce and prop up and protect the advanced technology that materials consume to reduce to protect to prop up. Our country country colliery tunnel 5 million more than tunnel every year with particular emphasis only, will it be the end 1997, stock prop up average to up to 31.5% the whole country of protecting etc., according to planning, by 2000, the stock should be up to 50% equally while propping up the protecting rate, but already such 16 mineral bureaus as Da Tong , Xingtai , Pingdingshan , iron processes , Western Hills , Longkou ,etc. have taken the lead in making the stock prop up the protecting rate and exceed 50%. Foreign advanced person mine country stock prop up partial toing rate exceed 80% often.
Stock hole creep into it is stock that prop up important link constructed to protect, stock prop up protect development need a large number of stock hole creep into equipment guarantee. The hole of the stock creeps into the equipment and includes the stock rig and related drilling tool (drilling rod , bit ,etc.). It is analysed that the hole of stocks creeps into the current situation of the equipment , look forward to its development prospect , contribute to promoting the hole of stocks to creep into the technological progress of the equipment constantly, make it meet stocks and prop up the need which protects technology. The hole of the stock creeps into the equipment and relies mainly on stock rig . Stock rig divide the single style into, get into the train type, airborne type according to the structure; Divided into a battery operated , pneumatic type , hydraulic pressure type according to motive force; Divided into turning round type , impacted , striking the turning round type , turning the impacted round according to the broken rock way. Drilling tool related to stock rig , because broken rock ways are different different, have broken rock drilling tool , bludgonning into type broken rock drilling tool of turning round etc. and turn the striking type broken rock drilling tool round generally speaking. Foreign stock hole creep into variety and various function of equipment , superior technical feature have, dependability is high. 3 collieries of stock holes creep into the future of the equipment: Stock hole creep into equipment whether stock is it protect desirability of development to prop up, it must develop forward according to sure law, research , development , production and using of stock rig and related drilling tool , must accord with the objective law . Analyse domestic and international relevant information, summarize the experience and lessons , notice that the stock hole creeps into the tending to basically of equipment development in the colliery, help to make the products develop constantly in the market competition. 3.1 Pneumatic, the single turning round type stock rig of hydraulic pressure is a mainstream of one period; 3.2 Study stock rig torsion and reform bit development person who turn round stock hole creeps into the key to the equipment; 3.3 Development of new and high technology, is it should creep into change of technology on stock hole to haveIn these decades, the hole of the stock has already to creep into the equipment had certain improvement, with the development of kownledge economy, stock rig and related drilling tool will be improved to some extent gradually, it is estimated that can cause the great change of the products in the following: (1)Structure optimization and Hi-Tech new application of material of parameter, make single stock rig performance raise, weight lightens. Have adopted the rock bit of the new and high technology to make the turning round type creep into the way and expand the range of application. (2)Application on different power , different kinds of stocks rig of the Hi-Tech microelectric technique , may make stock rig take place some fundamental change , for example change rig characteristic , is it operate performance , raise dependability ,etc. to improve. Probe into stock hole that computer control creep into with comprehensive automation equipment that stock install already abroad. Success of the rock drilling robot uses and will promote the hole of stocks to creep into the progress of the equipment effectively. (3)Stock hole creep into development of equipment , is it protect technology and rock drilling foundation of developing into of technology to prop up with stock, stock is it protect appearance of new type , new material will put forward the new request to stock structure parameter , technical feature and function of rig to prop up. Stock hole development of rig must follow closely stock prop up the technical development partial toed. Meanwhile, the development of rock drilling technology will promote the hole of stocks to creep into the improvement of the equipment. Different rock drilling research and in common use rock drilling research results of machines of way, transplant to stock hole creep into development of equipment come up in time. (4)Stock hole creep into equipment whether stock prop up key equipment that protect, it influence stock prop up the quality partial toed --Install quality in position , accuracy and stock of the depth , aperture of the hole of the stock, personal security, labour intensity and homework terms related to operator again. Stock hole creep into core of equipment high-efficient and security. Develop colliery stock hole creep into equipment regard high- efficient , security as the core , there is powerful competitiveness , this is base with development prospect of a product.
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