新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語 2 課文 翻譯 6.The Creative Personality

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1、The Creative Personality Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi The text is from Creativity: The Work and Lives of 91 Eminent People, by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, published by HarperCollins, 1996. close 1RT I have devoted 30 years of research to how creative people live and work. If I had to express in one wor

2、d what makes their personalities different from others, it's complexity. They contain contradictory extremes; instead of being an "individual", each of them is a "multitude". 創(chuàng)意性格 米哈伊·奇克森特米海伊 我花了30年的時間研究富有創(chuàng)意的人是如何生活和工作的。如果要用一個詞來概括他們的性格與常人的差別所在，那就是“復(fù)雜”。他們身上有著極其矛盾的特征，他們不是 “個體”，每個有創(chuàng)意的人都是“復(fù)合體”。clo

3、se 2RT Here are some traits that are often found in creative people. These traits are integrated with each other in a dialectical manner. 下面就是富有創(chuàng)意的人身上常會具備的一些特征。這些特征有機(jī)組合、辯證統(tǒng)一。close 3RT 1. Creative people have a great deal of physical energy, but they are also often quiet and at rest. They can work

4、 long hours with great concentration while remaining fresh and enthusiastic all the time. This does not mean that creative people are always active. In fact, they rest often and sleep a lot. The important thing is that they know how to control their energy, which is not ruled by the calendar, the cl

5、ock or an external schedule. When necessary, they can focus it like a laser beam; when not, creative types immediately recharge their batteries. This is not a biorhythm inherited with their genes; it was learned by trial and error as a strategy for achieving their goals. 1. 富有創(chuàng)意的人精力充沛，但也經(jīng)常安靜地休息。他們可

6、以注意力高度集中地工作很長時間，而始終神采奕奕、興致勃勃。這并不是說富有創(chuàng)意的人超級亢奮。事實(shí)上，他們經(jīng)常休息，睡得也很多。重要的是，他們知道如何掌控自己的精力，而人的精力并不是由日歷、時鐘或外在的日程安排來控制的。有必要時，他們就能像激光一樣專注；沒必要時，富有創(chuàng)意的人就會立刻開始充電。這不是得自遺傳基因的生物節(jié)奏；而是為達(dá)到目標(biāo)而通過反復(fù)嘗試掌握的一種策略。close 4RT 2. Creative people tend to be smart yet naive at the same time. Another way of expressing this dialectic is

7、 the contrasting poles of wisdom and childishness. As Howard Gardner reveals in his study of the major creative geniuses of the 20th century, a certain immaturity, both emotional and mental, can go hand in hand with deepest insights. 2. 富有創(chuàng)意的人往往精明而又天真。換句話說，這個矛盾體就是智慧和幼稚這兩個極端?；羧A德·加德納對二十世紀(jì)的重要創(chuàng)意天才進(jìn)行了研究

8、，結(jié)果表明，最深邃的洞察力可能與某種程度的不成熟（包括情感和思維方面的）共生共存。close 5RT Earlier studies on superior mental abilities show that children with very high IQs do well in life, but after a certain point, IQ does not seem to be correlated any longer with superior performance in real life. Later studies suggest that it might

9、be difficult to do creative work with a lower IQ, but an IQ beyond 120 does not necessarily imply higher creativity. 以前對于卓越的思維能力的研究也表明，高智商兒童生活很成功，但過了一定的數(shù)值，智商似乎不再與卓越的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活表現(xiàn)成正比。后來的研究也說明，智商太低的人要做富有創(chuàng)意的工作可能比較困難，但擁有120以上的智商未必就更有創(chuàng)造力。close 6RT Furthermore, creative people seem able to use well two opposit

10、e ways of thinking: the convergent and the divergent. Convergent thinking is measured by IQ tests, and it involves solving well-defined, rational problems that have one correct answer. Divergent thinking leads to no agreed-upon solution. It involves the ability to generate a great quantity of ideas;

11、 flexibility, or the ability to switch from one perspective to another; and originality in picking unusual associations of ideas. Yet divergent thinking is not much use without the ability to tell a good idea from a bad one, and for this, we must rely on convergent thinking. 此外，富有創(chuàng)意的人似乎能很好地使用兩種互為對立

12、的思維方式：趨同和求異。趨同思維由智商測試來衡量，涉及的是解決定義清楚、有唯一正確答案的理性問題。求異思維能產(chǎn)生另類的解決之道，它涉及的是產(chǎn)生大量想法的能力；靈活性，或者說是從一個角度轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個角度的能力；以及能獨(dú)辟蹊徑地產(chǎn)生非凡聯(lián)想的能力。但求異思維本身是沒有多大用處的，除非有能力判斷一個想法是好是壞，要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們必須依賴于趨同思維。close 7RT 3. Creative people alternate between imagination and a deeply-rooted sense of reality. Great art and great science i

13、nvolve a leap of imagination into a world that is different from the present. In fact, the whole point of art and science is to go beyond what we now consider real and create a new reality. 3. 富有創(chuàng)意的人既有豐富的想象力，也有根深蒂固的現(xiàn)實(shí)感。偉大的藝術(shù)和偉大的科學(xué)都是借助想象，躍進(jìn)與現(xiàn)實(shí)迥異的世界中去。事實(shí)上，藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的核心所在，便是超越我們目前所認(rèn)識的現(xiàn)實(shí)而創(chuàng)造出一個新的現(xiàn)實(shí)。close 8

14、RT 4. Creative people tend to be both extroverted and introverted. We're usually one or the other, either preferring to be in the thick of crowds or sitting on the sidelines and observing the passing show. In fact, in current psychological research, extroversion and introversion are considered to be

15、 the most stable personality traits that distinguish people from each other. Creative individuals seem to exhibit both traits at the same time. 4. 富有創(chuàng)意的人往往既外向又內(nèi)向。我們一般都二者居其一，要么偏愛呆在人群之中，要么獨(dú)坐一旁，冷眼看戲。事實(shí)上，在目前的心理研究中，外向和內(nèi)向被視為能區(qū)分彼此的最穩(wěn)定的性格特點(diǎn)，但富有創(chuàng)意的個體似乎同時顯示這兩種特點(diǎn)。close 9RT 5. Creative people are humble and p

16、roud at the same time. These individuals stand "on the shoulders of giants". Their respect for the area in which they work makes them aware of the long line of previous contributions to it. And they're usually so focused on future projects and current challenges that past accomplishments, no matter

17、how outstanding, are no longer very interesting to them. 5. 他們既謙虛又傲氣。這些個體站在“巨人的肩膀上”。他們尊重自己工作的領(lǐng)域，因而能意識到前人的大量貢獻(xiàn)。他們通常如此專注于未來的工程和當(dāng)前的挑戰(zhàn)，過往的成就，不論多么出色，都無法再引起他們太多的興趣。close 10RT 6. Creative people are both rebellious and conservative. Being only traditional leaves an area unchanged; constantly taking chanc

18、es without regard to tradition rarely leads to novelty. But the willingness to take risks is absolutely necessary. The economist George Stigler is very emphatic in this regard, "I'd say one of the most common failures of able people is a lack of nerve. They just play safe games. In innovation, you h

19、ave to play a less safe game, if it's going to be interesting. It's not predictable that it'll go well." 6. 富有創(chuàng)意的人既叛逆又保守。一味傳統(tǒng)，會令一個領(lǐng)域殊無變化，而時時冒險、罔顧傳統(tǒng)亦鮮有創(chuàng)新，但冒險精神是絕對必要的。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家喬治·施蒂格勒特別強(qiáng)調(diào)這個方面：“我會說，有能力的人之所以失敗，大多都是由于缺少冒險精神，凡事四平八穩(wěn)。要創(chuàng)新，你就不能太求穩(wěn)，結(jié)果才可能有意思。結(jié)果是否會順利是無法預(yù)測的?！眂lose 11RT 7. Most creative people are ve

20、ry passionate about their work, yet they can be extremely objective about it as well. Without the passion, we soon lose interest in a difficult task. Yet without being objective about it, our work is not very good and lacks credibility. 7. 絕大多數(shù)富有創(chuàng)意的人對工作激情如火，同時也極為冷靜客觀。沒有激情，我們很快就會對困難任務(wù)失去興趣。但如果不夠客觀，我

21、們的工作就難以出色，缺乏可信度。close 12RT 8. Creative people's openness and sensitivity often exposes them to suffering and pain, yet also to a great deal of enjoyment. Inventors have a low threshold of pain. Things bother them. A badly designed machine causes pain to an inventive engineer, just as the creative w

22、riter is hurt when reading bad prose. 8. 富有創(chuàng)意的人胸?zé)o城府而敏感，這往往令他們痛苦，但同時也令他們體會到很多樂趣。發(fā)明家們對痛苦的容忍度很低，身邊的事物會讓他們看不順眼。設(shè)計(jì)拙劣的機(jī)器會令富有創(chuàng)意的工程師痛苦，而富有創(chuàng)意的作者看到蹩腳的文字同樣也會感覺受傷。close 13RT Being alone at the forefront of a discipline also leaves you exposed and vulnerable. Eminence invites criticism and often vicious attack

23、s. When an artist has invested years in making a sculpture, or a scientist in developing a theory, it is devastating if nobody cares. 居于學(xué)科前沿，也會令你暴露于眾人視線中，易受攻擊。卓越會招致批評，甚至往往是惡毒攻擊。藝術(shù)家傾注多年心血終于完成一件雕塑作品，科學(xué)家皓首窮年提出一種理論，到頭來若是無人問津，這種打擊無疑是災(zāi)難性的。close 14RT Perhaps the most difficult thing for creative individu

24、als to bear is the sense of loss and emptiness they experience when, for some reason, they cannot work. This is especially painful when a person feels his or her creativity drying out. 對于富有創(chuàng)意的個體而言，最難以忍受的事情莫過于由于某種原因而無法工作的那種失落感和空虛感。如果一個人自覺創(chuàng)意枯竭，或許就更加痛苦不堪了。close 15RT Yet when a person is working in th

25、e area of his or her expertise, worries and cares fall away, replaced by a sense of happiness. Perhaps the most important quality, the one that is most consistently present in all creative individuals, is the ability to enjoy the process of creation for its own sake. Without this trait, poets would

26、give up striving for perfection and would write commercial jingles; economists would work for banks where they would earn at least twice as much as they do at universities; and physicists would stop doing basic research and join industrial laboratories where the conditions are better and the expectations more predictable. 而當(dāng)一個人在自己擅長的領(lǐng)域里工作時，他的一切擔(dān)心和憂慮都會消失，取而代之的是一種愉悅感。也許最重要的品質(zhì)，在一切富有創(chuàng)意的人身上最常見的一種品質(zhì)，就是能夠享受創(chuàng)造過程本身。沒有這種品質(zhì)，詩人將不再追求完美而寫些商業(yè)性的喧囂之作；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家將會去銀行任職，收入至少會是大學(xué)里的兩倍；物理學(xué)家也會停止基礎(chǔ)研究而加入工業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，那里條件優(yōu)越而且結(jié)果也容易預(yù)測。close