高考英語 維“升”素13 語言學(xué)習(xí)

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1、高考維“升”素13——語言學(xué)習(xí) （時(shí)間：30分鐘 分值：56分） 維A 閱讀理解(每題2分，滿分8分) (2012·廣東卷)“Have a nice day！” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression.When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile，I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me.I feel loved and secure since another person cares a

2、bout me and wishes me well. “Have a nice day.Next！” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door.The words come out in the same tone (腔調(diào)) with a fixed procedure.They_are_spoken_at_me，not to me.Obviously，the concern for my

3、 day and everyone else's is the management's attempt to increase business. The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other.Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting.As soon as you hear it，you know the meeting is at an end.Sometimes the expression saves us when

4、we don't know what to say.“Oh，you just had a tooth out？I'm terribly sorry，but have a nice day.” The expression can be pleasant.If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you，you may find it heart-warming because someone you don't know has tried to be nice to you. Although the use of the expression is

5、 an insincere，meaningless social custom at times，there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting.The salesgirl，the waitress，the teacher，and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day.But in a strange and comfortable way，i

6、t's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much.While the expression may not often be sincere，it is always spoken.The point is that people say it all the time when they like. 【語篇解讀】 本文論述了“Have a nice day”在不同的場(chǎng)合的不同含義。 1．How does the author understand

7、 Maxie's words? A．Maxie shows her anxiety to the author. B．Maxie really wishes the author a good day. C．Maxie encourages the author to stay happy. D．Maxie really worries about the author's security. 答案　B　[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)她的朋友Maxie對(duì)她說“Have a nice day”時(shí)，Maxie是真心地祝愿作者有美好的一天。] 2．What does

8、the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A．The salesgirl is rude. B．The salesgirl is bored. C．The salesgirl cares about me. D．The salesgirl says the words as a routine. 答案　D　[考查句意理解。根據(jù)畫線部分的上下文內(nèi)容可推知，售貨員用相同的腔調(diào)說這句話，這只是她為了增加業(yè)務(wù)的例行程序。] 3．By saying “Have a nice day，” a stranger may ________. A．t

9、ry to be polite to you B．express respect to you C．give his blessing to you D．share his pleasure with you 答案　A　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“because someone you don't know has tried to be nice to you”可推知，當(dāng)陌生人對(duì)你說這句話時(shí)，他是為了讓你感覺他很友好。文中的“to be nice to you”與A項(xiàng)中的“to be polite to you”含義相同，故選A項(xiàng)。] 4．What is the best ti

10、tle of the passage? A．Have a Nice Day—a Social Custom B．Have a Nice Day—a Pleasant Gesture C．Have a Nice Day—a Heart-warming Greeting D．Have a Nice Day—a Polite Ending of a Conversation 答案　A　[考查主旨大意。本文講的是“Have a nice day”這句話在不同的場(chǎng)合的不同理解。再根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，A項(xiàng)作為本文標(biāo)題最合適，其他三項(xiàng)說法片面。] 維B 完形填空(每題1.5分，滿分30分)

11、 高考曾用材料：2010遼寧卷完形填空 選材相似度：★★★★ 設(shè)題相似度：★★★ 難度系數(shù)：★★★★ When I first entered university，my aunt，who is an English professor，gave me a new English dictionary.I was __1__ to see that it was an English dictionary，also known as a monolingual dictionary.__2__ it was a dictionary intended for non-n

12、ative learners，none of my classmates had one __3__，to be honest，I found it extremely __4__ to use at first.I would look up words in the dictionary and __5__ not fully understand the meaning.I was used to the __6__ bilingual dictionaries，in which the words are __7__ both in English and Chinese.I

13、really wondered why my aunt __8__ to make things so difficult for me.Now，after studying English at university for three years，I __9__ that monolingual dictionaries are __10__ in learning a foreign language. As I found out，there is __11__ often no perfect equivalence (對(duì)應(yīng)) between two __12__ in

14、two languages.My aunt even goes so far as to __13__ that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the __14__ meaning of a word in English! __15__，she insisted that I read the definition(定義) of a word in a monolingual dictionary __16__ I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.__17__，I

15、 have come to see what she meant. Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.This dictionary uses a(n) __18__ number of words，around 2,000，in its definitions.When I read these definitions，I am __19__ exposed to(接觸) the basic words and learn how they are used

16、 to explain objects and ideas.__20__ this，I can express myself more easily in English. 【語篇解讀】 這是一篇記敘文，作者主要描寫自己從最初接觸英漢詞典的驚異，到習(xí)慣使用英漢詞典以及使用英漢語詞典的好處。 1．A.worried B．sad C．surprised D．nervous 答案　C　[通讀全文可知，作者是一個(gè)中國大學(xué)生，中國人學(xué)英語，尤其是初學(xué)者習(xí)慣使用英漢詞典。當(dāng)作者看到英英詞典的時(shí)候，他感到“吃驚”。] 2．A.Because B．Although C．Unless D．

17、If 答案　B　[前后兩句在意義上是讓步關(guān)系，所以用although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。而A項(xiàng)because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，unless和if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。] 3．A.but B．so C．or D．a(chǎn)nd 答案　A　[此空格處是一個(gè)并列連詞，連接前后兩句。而前后兩句之間存在的是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用but。] 4．A.difficult B．interesting C．a(chǎn)mbiguous D．practical 答案　A　[最初用英英詞典，不習(xí)慣，所以作者感覺用起來很難。interesting是“有趣味的意思”，根據(jù)下文not fully understand the m

18、eaning排除；ambiguous“不明確的”；practical“實(shí)用的”。] 5．A.thus B．even C．still D．a(chǎn)gain 答案　C　[句子中有否定詞not，有副詞fully，所以用still，表示“仍然不能夠完全明白”的意思。] 6．A.new B．familiar C．earlier D．ordinary 答案　B　[be used to表示“習(xí)慣……”，對(duì)作者來說習(xí)慣了雙語詞典，或者說是英漢詞典。這里指雙語詞典的使用對(duì)他來說是熟悉。] 7．A.explained B．expressed C．described D．created 答案

19、　A　[此句是一個(gè)in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其中words是主語，根據(jù)常識(shí)在詞典中單詞的意思是被“用兩種語言解釋出來”的，所以用explained。] 8．A.offered B．a(chǎn)greed C．decided D．happened 答案　C　[“我”真想知道“我”姑媽為什么決定這么為難“我”。其他三個(gè)詞雖然都跟動(dòng)詞不定式，但是在這里意思都不恰當(dāng)。] 9．A.imagine B．recommend C．predict D．understand 答案　D　[過去不理解，經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間后，明白了。] 10．A.natural B．better C．easier D

20、．convenient 答案　B　[此句中monolingual dictionaries和bilingual dictionaries比較，A和D項(xiàng)沒用比較級(jí)，better強(qiáng)調(diào)更好，更實(shí)用，而不是easier。] 11．A.at best B．in fact C．a(chǎn)t times D．in case 答案　B　[常見的情況是實(shí)際上兩種語言之間的兩個(gè)詞沒有完全的對(duì)應(yīng)。in fact表示“實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上”。at best“至多；充其量”；at times“有時(shí)”；in case“萬一，以防”。] 12．A.words B．names C．ideas D．characters

21、 答案　A　[詞典上重點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是單詞。] 13．A.hope B．declare C．doubt D．tell 答案　B　[“我”姑媽甚至還聲稱漢語意思決不能給出一個(gè)英語單詞的確切意思。] 14．A.exact B．basic C．translated D．expected 答案　A　[前面的a Chinese equivalent和the meaning of a word in English對(duì)應(yīng)，所表明還是對(duì)應(yīng)不準(zhǔn)確的問題，所以用exact。] 15．A.Rather B．However C．Therefore D．Instead 答案　C　[此空后面的

22、句子和前面表示的是一種“因果”關(guān)系，所以用therefore。] 16．A.when B．before C．until D．while 答案　A　[表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。before“在……之前”；until“直到……時(shí)候”；while“在……的同時(shí)”。] 17．A.Largely B．Generally C．Gradually D．Probably 答案　C　[該句的謂語have come to see是表示“變化過程”，所以用gradually表示“漸漸地”。] 18．A.extra B．a(chǎn)verage C．total D．limite

23、d 答案　D　[從后面的around 2,000可知詞典中用于解釋詞義的詞是限制在 2 000左右。] 19．A.repeatedly B．nearly C．immediately D．a(chǎn)nxiously 答案　A　[在有限的范圍內(nèi)，查閱閱讀釋義的話，就會(huì)反復(fù)接觸基本詞匯、學(xué)會(huì)這些詞匯怎樣用來解釋事物和觀點(diǎn)，所以用repeatedly表示“反復(fù)地，經(jīng)常地”。] 20．A.According to B．In relation to C．In addition to D．Because of 答案　D　[后面主句部分I can express myself more e

24、asily in English.表達(dá)的是結(jié)果，此處表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是原因，說明使用這種詞典所帶來的好處。] 維C 閱讀理解(每題2分，滿分8分) 高考曾用材料：2011天津卷A篇 選材相似度：★★★★ 設(shè)題相似度：★★★ 難度系數(shù)：★★★★ Despite the popularity of school spelling competitions，adults in the US performed poorly in a survey comparing how English speakers on both sides of the Atlantic dea

25、l with commonly misspelt words. Sixty-two percent of Americans got “embarrassed” wrong，against 54 percent of Britons who struggled with the word in a survey last year.Adults in the US performed less well on most of the ten words tested，including millennium (52 percent wrong，against 43 percent in th

26、e UK)，liaison (61 percent to 54 percent) and “accommodation” (42 percent to 36 percent )．Only “definitely” and “friend” were spelt correctly by more Americans. Jack Bovill of the Spelling Society，which sponsored (發(fā)起) the research，said the high inaccuracy rates in both countries showed the need for

27、the English spelling system to be modernized.“When asked，only a quarter of adults thought they had a problem with spelling.The answers in the test prove that this_is_far_from_the_case，” he said.“What is holding the UK and the USA back is the irregular spelling system.” Professor Edward Baranowski，o

28、ne academic consultant for the project，said，“We have different spellings for the same sound，and a system which reflects how English was spoken in the 13th to 15th centuries，not how it is spoken today.So many sound changes have occurred in the language，which is not reflected in modern spelling，that w

29、e are left with a ‘fossilized (僵化的)’ system.” The study found that 40 percent of the respondents would support updating words that caused problems while 16 percent opposed the idea.And 31 percent said it didn't matter. The US survey involving a sample of 1,000 adults was carried out online by Ipso

30、s MORI last month，with the method based on a survey of 1,000 Britons in April last year. 【語篇解讀】 一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國人在單詞拼寫方面不如英國人。 1．The underlined word “inaccuracy” in Paragraph 3 can best be replaced by ________. A．success B．error C．correctness D．growth 答案　B　[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)本句的“showed the need for the Englis

31、h spelling system to be modernized”，聯(lián)系第二段英美成年人較高的拼寫錯(cuò)誤率，可知inaccuracy可用error來代替，都是“錯(cuò)誤”的意思。] 2．The underlined part “this is far from the case” in Paragraph 3 implies that ________. A．most of the Americans can spell correctly B．there are more people having spelling problems C．a(chǎn)dults perform worse i

32、n spelling than kids D．it is difficult to create a new spelling system 答案　B　[推理判斷題。聯(lián)系上一句“When asked，only a quarter of adults thought they had a problem with spelling”可知，Bovill是想說，這項(xiàng)研究表明，實(shí)際上很多人都存在拼寫問題。] 3．Professor Baranowski seems to agree that ________. A．spelling should represent the sound of

33、words B．we should learn how English was spoken centuries ago C．different countries should have different spellings D．sound changes have nothing to do with spelling 答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Baranowski所說的話可知，他認(rèn)為拼寫應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)單詞的發(fā)音。represent意為“表現(xiàn)”，reflect意為“反映”，此處兩者含義一致。] 4．What would be the most suitable title o

34、f the passage? A．Who is responsible for our spelling B．The English language to be blamed C．Americans embarrassed by their spellings D．Words needed to be modernized 答案　C　[主旨大意題。C項(xiàng)標(biāo)題一語雙關(guān)，embarrassd一詞既表明了美國人拼寫的尷尬現(xiàn)狀，又涉及了拼寫調(diào)查的部分內(nèi)容。] 維D 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下框的A～F選項(xiàng)中選出能概括每一段主題的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。(每題2分，滿分10分) 1.

35、 Hotel managers make sure their staff are providing friendly service and the hotel building and room facilities are in good condition.They may also hire staff，work with marketing and the hotel's finances and make sure banquets are running properly.Because the manager's job is pivotal(關(guān)鍵的) to the hot

36、el，many work over 40 hours a week. 2. Working as a hotel manager means long working hours and managing a variety of employees in different departments：you will need to keep track of the cleaning staff，the cooks，the front desk and other employees，depending on the size of the hotel you are managing.

37、Because of the great amount of responsibility you have undertaken，you may become stressed out.Managing stress and handling stressful situations calmly will keep your staff reassured and allow you to resolve any problems with hotel operations more quickly. 3. It is an essential skill for a hotel m

38、anager.The hotel must be run according to specific standards.You will need to make sure the maids are cleaning the rooms properly and maintaining sanitation conditions.You will also need to make sure the hotel restaurant is following state health guidelines，when preparing food for guests.You will al

39、so want to make sure rooms are properly cleaned before guests receive their room keys.Walk through your hotel and check rooms at random to make sure your staff are keeping up with the cleaning. 4. It is one of the most important skills you will need as a hotel manager.At work，you will be managing

40、employees from all departments as well as working with customers.You will need to let employees know whether or not they are doing their jobs correctly in a way that will encourage them rather than frustrate them.You will also need to turn on your smile for customers and let them know why staying at

41、 your hotel is a good decision. 5. As a hotel manager，you will likely be dealing with multiple employees and customers at the same time.However，if you fail to listen to what each person is saying，you might miss an important issue with the hotel or give customers the idea that your hotel doesn't ca

42、re their needs or business.This could damage the reputation of your hotel and cause you to lose business.This is why taking the time to listen to what people around you are saying is important；employees' concerns about the work environment can cause them to be less friendly and not to work as efficiently. 答案　1.B　2.C　3.A　4.F　5.E