1969_液壓式組合建筑機械機械部分設計

1969_液壓式組合建筑機械機械部分設計,液壓式,組合,建筑機械,機械,部分,部份,設計 黃 河 科 技 學 院 畢 業(yè) 設 計 說 明 書 液壓式組合建筑機械機械部分設計摘 要液壓式鋼筋彎曲切斷套絲多用機具有節(jié)約能源，加工效率高，易于控制，加工性能好等特點，它符合現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展的需求，在建筑行業(yè)具有很好的發(fā)展前途。本文較為詳細的介紹了多用機機械部分的設計過程和產(chǎn)品結構的一些說明。首先根據(jù)設計任務書提出的要求作出各種方案，通過分析論證各方案的優(yōu)劣，選出其中較好的方案，進行設計。本設計部分分六大塊：第一，切割部分設計，切割設計包含切斷力計算，液壓缸的布置，刀具的設計、刀具座的設計，初步估計出刀桿部分的軸徑以及與活塞的連接。第二：彎曲設計，彎曲設計包括計算工作盤轉(zhuǎn)速，工作時扭矩及功率的大小，設計主軸，初步確定其最小軸徑尺寸，再根據(jù)要求設計出工作盤，及附件的結構尺寸。第三：套絲設計，套絲設計包括切削力和切削功率的計算，夾具的設計。第四：液壓馬達的選擇及其應用。第五：液壓馬達支撐座的設計。第六：箱體的設計。其次，各部分結構設計完成后，其質(zhì)量到底如何，其強度剛度能否達到要求，能否滿足生產(chǎn)需要，這些要靠校核來檢測，齒輪的校核，傳動軸的校核，鍵的校核。對這些部分的校核都通過對其強度和剛度進行驗算，用其結果與其許用的強度、剛度進行比較，從而確定各危險部位是否滿足要求。關鍵詞 彎曲成型機/成型輪/切割機/套絲/夾具/液壓馬達/液壓缸/精度。黃 河 科 技 學 院 畢 業(yè) 設 計 (文獻翻譯） 第 1 頁多功能機【刊名】 建筑機械化, 編輯部郵箱 2005 年 02 期 【作者】 草津 【機構】 立命館大學 科學與工程學院【關鍵詞】 鋼筋調(diào)直切斷機 切斷機構 彎曲機構 套絲機構【中英文摘要】 本文簡要分析了鋼筋調(diào)直切斷機、彎曲機、套絲機的工作原理及其的應用。鋼筋作為混凝土的骨架構成鋼筋混凝土，成為建筑結構中使用面大、量大的主材。在澆注混凝土前，鋼筋必須制成一定規(guī)格和形式的骨架納入模板中。制作鋼筋骨架，需要對鋼筋進行強化、拉伸、調(diào)直、切斷、彎曲、連接等加工，最后才能捆扎成形。由于鋼筋用量極大，加工操作難以完成，需要采用各種專用機械進行加工，這類機械稱為鋼筋加工機械，簡稱鋼筋機械。為了增加鋼筋混凝土粱、屋架等主要結構的強度．常采用預應力鋼筋混凝土，即預先將鋼筋(鋼絲束或鋼鉸線)拉伸到設計應力，并錨固于結構受拉區(qū)內(nèi)，使其產(chǎn)生有利的壓應力利應變，用以抵消荷載時產(chǎn)生的拉應力，從而增加其荷載能力。張拉鋼筋產(chǎn)生預應力的專用設備，稱為鋼筋預應力機械?，F(xiàn)代建筑施工中，由于鋼筋混凝土用量日益增大，鋼筋加工量相應增加，促使鋼筋機械不斷發(fā)展。一般施工現(xiàn)場和預制混凝土構件廠都有一定規(guī)模的鋼筋加工車間，為實現(xiàn)鋼筋加工機械化提供有利條件。隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,產(chǎn)品的多樣化及對市場的快速反應成為企業(yè)能否在激烈的市場競爭中處于有利位置的必備能力，這就對企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)設備提出了更高地要求如何提高生產(chǎn)設備的柔性和效率,滿足產(chǎn)品的多樣化的需要,是每個企業(yè)都面臨著的一個重要問題，尤其是近些年來住宅產(chǎn)業(yè)、能源交通等基礎設施建設不斷發(fā)展，鋼筋砼結構的跨度和規(guī)模不斷擴大，對建筑物、構筑物使用年限的提高，對抗震、節(jié)能、節(jié)材要求的提高，施工難度不斷增加，傳統(tǒng)施工方法及現(xiàn)場手工操作已不適應工程的要求，只有發(fā)展鋼筋加工商品化才能滿足建筑結構和工程新技術發(fā)展的需要，就是在這樣的背景下,我們即將設計一種適用于鋼筋鋼管多種加工的產(chǎn)品。黃 河 科 技 學 院 畢 業(yè) 設 計 (文獻翻譯） 第 2 頁在當今的建筑施工現(xiàn)場，工人一般使用的是機械式的鋼筋加工設備，這樣的設備不但占用的場地大，而且費力費時，同時沒有安全保護措施，極易造成工人的受傷；有些雖然占地少，但是工序繁雜，不能同時加工出所須的鋼筋用件，并且噪聲大，不宜控制，鑒于以上的情況，有必要設計一種有液壓系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一提供動力的多功能鋼筋鋼管加工機械，可以適用于中小型建筑隊，該加工機動作方便靈活，便于掌握，移動，安裝簡便可靠。鋼筋切斷機是把鋼筋原材或已校直的鋼筋按配料計算的長度要求進行切斷的專用設備。廣泛應用于施上現(xiàn)場和構件預制廠剪切 6—40mm 的鋼筋。更換相應刀片，還可作為各種型鋼的下料機.切斷機的使用1．使用前的準備工作1.1 鋼筋切斷機應選擇堅實的地固安置平穩(wěn)，機身鐵輪用三角木楔好，接送料工作臺面府和切刀的刀刃下部保持水平，工作臺的長度可根據(jù)加工材料的長度決定，四周應有足夠搬運鋼筋的場地。1.2 使用前必須清除刀口處的鐵銹及雜物．檢查刀片應無裂紋，刀架螺栓應緊固防護罩應完好，接地要牢固，然后用于扳動帶輪，檢查齒輪嚙合間隙，調(diào)整好刀刃間隙、定刀片和動刀片的水平間隙以 0.5—1mm 為宜。間隙的調(diào)整，通過增減固定刀片后面的墊塊來實現(xiàn)。1.3 按規(guī)定向各潤滑點及齒輪面加注和涂抹潤滑油，液壓式的還要補充液壓油：1.4 起動后先空載試運轉(zhuǎn)．整機運行應無卡滯和異常聲響，離合器應接觸平穩(wěn)，分離徹底。若是液壓式的，還應先排除油缸內(nèi)空氣，待各部確認正常后，方可作業(yè)。2．操作要點2.1 新投入使用的切斷機，應先切直徑較細的鋼筋，以利于設備磨合。2.2 被切鋼筋應先調(diào)直，切料時必須使用刀刃的中下部位、并應在動刀片后退時，緊握鋼筋對準刀口迅速送人，以防鋼筋末端擺動或蹦出傷人。嚴禁在動刀片已開始向前推進時向刀門送料，否則易發(fā)生事故。黃 河 科 技 學 院 畢 業(yè) 設 計 (文獻翻譯） 第 3 頁2.3 嚴禁切斷超出切斷機規(guī)定范圍的鋼筋和材料。一次切斷多根鋼筋時，其總截面積應在規(guī)定范圍以內(nèi)。禁止切斷中碳鋼鋼筋和燒紅的鋼筋。切斷低合金鋼等特種鋼筋時，應更換相應的高硬度刀片。2.4 斷料時，必須將被切鋼筋握緊，以防鋼筋末端擺動或彈出傷人。在切短料時，靠近刀片的手和定刀片之間的距離應保持 150mm 以上，如手握一端的長度小于 400mm時，用套管或夾具將鋼筋短頭壓住或夾緊，以防彈出傷人。2.5 在機械運轉(zhuǎn)時，嚴禁用手去摸刀片或用于直接去清理刀片上的鐵屑，也不可用嘴吹。鋼筋擺動周圍和刀片附近，非操作人員不可停留。切斷長料時，也要注意鋼筋擺動方向，防止傷人。2.6 運轉(zhuǎn)中如發(fā)現(xiàn)機械不正常或有異響，以及出現(xiàn)刀片歪斜、間隙不合等現(xiàn)象時，應立即停機檢修或調(diào)整。2.7 工作中操作者不可擅自離開崗位，取放鋼筋時既要注意自己，又要注意周圍的人。已切斷的鋼筋要堆放整齊，防止個別切口突出，誤踢割傷。作業(yè)后用鋼刷清除刀口處的雜物，并進行整機擦拭清潔。2.8 液壓式切斷機每切斷一次，必須用手扳動鋼筋，給動刀片以回程壓力，才能繼續(xù)工作。為了保證鋼筋在混凝土結構中的相互連接，提高預制構件的強度。必須對鋼筋進行配胃，彎曲成設汁圖紙所要求的尺寸和形狀．這是鋼筋加工中一道重要的加工工序。因此．在鋼筋加工機械中，鋼筋彎曲機械同樣是重要的鋼筋加工設備之一.目前，為了更適應于建筑行業(yè)的發(fā)展方向，成功設計了一種液壓鋼筋彎曲切斷機，它是由液壓傳動和操縱的兩用機床，適用于加工直徑為 6—32mm 的鋼筋。這種彎曲機還可以進行切斷工作，是一種兩用機械，自動化程度高，操作方便，但不能同時進行切斷和彎曲兩項工作。該機械有一臺電動機帶動兩組柱塞式液壓泵，一組推動切斷用活塞；另一組驅(qū)動回轉(zhuǎn)液壓缸，帶動工作盤旋轉(zhuǎn)。同時，為了移動方便，機械底盤上裝有行走輪。但是這樣的兩用機械有一個缺點就是不能同時進行加工。黃 河 科 技 學 院 畢 業(yè) 設 計 (文獻翻譯） 第 4 頁鋼筋彎曲機的使用1 為適應鋼筋和中心軸直徑的變化，應在成形軸上加——個偏心套，用以調(diào)節(jié)中心軸、鋼筋和成形軸三者之間的間隙.2 根據(jù)彎曲鋼筋的直徑更換配套齒輪，以調(diào)整工作盤(主軸)轉(zhuǎn)速。當鋼筋直徑d＜18mm 時取高速；d＝18 —32mm 時取中速；d＞ 32mm 時取低速：一般工作盤常放在慢速上，以便彎曲在允許范圍內(nèi)所有直徑的鋼筋。3 當彎曲鋼筋直徑在 20mm 以下時，應在插入座上放置擋料架，并有軸套，以使被彎鋼筋能正確成形。擋板要貼緊鋼筋，以保證彎曲質(zhì)量。4 業(yè)前先進行空載試運轉(zhuǎn)，應無卡滯、異響，各操縱按鈕靈活可靠；再進行負載試驗，先彎小直徑鋼筋，再彎大直徑鋼筋，確認正常后、方可投入使用。鋼筋套絲機 即鋼筋螺紋連接設備的一種， 鋼筋螺紋連接設備和工具主要有鋼筋套絲機、量規(guī)、力矩扳手和砂輪鋸等。傳統(tǒng)的加上方法是手工在車床上扳牙，而手工扳牙最大的困難是定心難，對于大批量生產(chǎn)時，手工扳牙存在著勞動強度大、生產(chǎn)效率低、不安全等問題。為此，我們設計了一種扳牙自動定心套絲裝置。工作原理:將所用標準的扳牙放于調(diào)緊圈內(nèi)(調(diào)緊圈的大小根據(jù)扳牙的大小由調(diào)節(jié)栓 )，用定位栓將扳牙鎖緊在調(diào)緊圈內(nèi)。將套8的錐柄桿套于車床尾座內(nèi)，固定尾座，車床正轉(zhuǎn)運廳了，搖動尾座手輪，扳牙白動定心，隨著工件轉(zhuǎn)動，殼體在套體內(nèi)向左滑動，同時扭縮彈簧(彈簧由限位塊限位)進行扳牙。扳牙完成后，將車床反轉(zhuǎn)運行，在彈簧的反彈力作用下，殼體自動退出，完成扳牙。鐵屑從殼體上銑的一個落屑槽中落下。 由于調(diào)緊圈上銑有缺口，可以通過調(diào)節(jié)栓來調(diào)節(jié)其大小，所以此裝置可以用于扳不同規(guī)格的螺紋。它既解決了手工扳牙定心難的問題，又減輕了勞動強度，大大提高了生產(chǎn)效率。展望前景，隨著建筑施工機械化程度的提高，液壓技術和電子技術在鋼筋機械中加快應用，微機自動控制技術的逐漸普及，將使鋼筋機械自動化和半自動化的新面貌早日實現(xiàn)。畢 業(yè) 設 計文獻翻譯院 （ 系 ） 名 稱 工 學 院 機 械 系專 業(yè) 名 稱 機 械 設 計 制 造 及 其 自 動 化學 生 姓 名 姚 永 強指 導 教 師 鄒 景 超2012 年 3 月 5 日multi-function machine【 Publish 】 building mechanization, the editorial department mailbox 200502 period【 Author 】 Nozi-higashi【 Organization 】 College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, , Kusatsu【 Keyword 】 the reinforcing bar adjust to keep cut off the machine cuts off the organization a silk organization of the organization flection【 The Chinese-English summary 】 this text synopsis analyzes the reinforcing bar to adjust to keep the work principle of cut off the machine, the flection machine, a silk machine and it of application.Extend continuously along with the capital construction scale since the reform open. the dosage of the reinforced concrete hoick, urging the reinforcing bar machine in ushering in the foundation of[with] foreign technique or the kind machine. speed to develop a step.some techniques with new adoptions develop success with multi-function new model one after another, entering batch quantity production.Applied a liquid to press the technique,electronics technique,calculator control technique in the reinforcing bar take shape,weld and prepare should the dint machine particularly etc., make the dynasty of the reinforcing bar machine wear the half automation with full-automatic turn a development.The reinforcing bar is the framework of the concrete to constitute reinforced concrete, become construct to use noodles in the structure big,have great capacity of main material.Before sprinkling to note concrete, the reinforcing bar has to be made into the certain specification and the framework of the form to bring into template.Manufacture the reinforcing bar framework, need to carry on enhance,pull to stretch,adjust to keep,cut off,curve,link to the reinforcing bar etc. process, then can tie～up to tie to take shape finally.Because the reinforcing bar dosage processes to operate hard completion biggest, need to adopt various appropriation machine to carry on to process, this machine is called reinforcing bar to process a machine, the brief name reinforcing bar machine.For increasing reinforced concrete,the house the strength of the structure with main etc..often adopt to prepare should the dint reinforced concrete, pull reinforcing bar(the steel wire tie or the steel 鉸 line) to stretch a design dint in advance namely, and the anchor man is solid is pulled area in the structure inside, make it creation's pressing beneficially should the dint benefit meet an emergency, offsetting a lotus to carry in order to creation of pull should dint, increase its lotus to carry an ability thus.ZHANG LA's reinforcing bar creation's prepare should the appropriation equipments of the dint, be called reinforcing bar to prepare should dint machine.The modern construct under construction, because the reinforced concrete dosage enlarges increasingly, the reinforcing bar processes quantity to correspond increment, urging the reinforcing bar machine to develop continuously.General the construction the spot with prepare to make the concrete piece, the factories all have the reinforcing bar of the certain scale to process the car, for carry out reinforcing bar to process mechanization to provide a beneficial condition.Along with the development of the society economy, the diversification of the product and become to the fast reaction of the market business enterprise can in the vehemence of be placed in the essential ability of the beneficial position in the market competition, this put forward to the production equipments of the business enterprise higherly a request"how raise to produce an equipments of gentle with efficiency, satisfy a product of the demand of the diversification, is each business enterprises face of an important problem is the infrastructure constructions, such as particularly nearer in the last years residence industry and the energy transportation...etc. to develop continuously, the reinforcing bar structure of across the degree and scale to extend continuously, To the building,construct the exaltation of the thing usage time limit, resist an earthquake,economize on energy,the exaltation of the stanza material request, start construction the difficulty increase continuously, the tradition construction method and the spot handicraft operation are unwell already at the request of engineering, only developping reinforcing bar to process to commercialize then can satisfy building the structure and engineering the new technique development of demand be under this background, we will soon design a kind of be applicable to the reinforcing bar steel pipe various processed products.Construct a construction the spot nowadays, worker generally what to use is the reinforcing bar of the machine type to process an equipments, such equipments takes up not only of place big, and hard to tackle time-consuming, have no safety protection measure in the meantime, result in the worker get hurt easier Some although cover little, the work preface is complicated, can't process to use a piece the reinforcing bar of the beard in the meantime, and the voice is big, not proper control, owing to above circumstance, there is necessity to design a kind of have a liquid to press system to unify to provide dynamical multi-function reinforcing bar steel pipe to process a machine, can be applicable to a medium small scaled building brigade, should process mobile make convenience vivid, easy to control, move, install simple credibility.Reinforcing bar's cutting off machine is reinforcing bar original material or already the school keep of the reinforcing bar presses to go together with the appropriation equipments that length request of anticipate the calculation carries on cut off.Extensively applied in SHI SHANG3 the spot and the piece reinforcing bar that prepare to make factory to shear to slice a 6-40 mms.Replace to correspond razor blade, can also conduct and actions various steel descend to anticipate machine.Cut off the usage of the machine1.usage ex- preparation work(1)Reinforcing bar's cutting off machine should choose a solid setting of solid ground steady, the fuselage of airplane iron round uses the wedge good, the knife blade lower part that connects to send to anticipate the work set noodles mansion and slices knife keeps level, the length of the work pedestal can according to process the length decision of the material, on all sides should have the place of the enough porterage reinforcing bar.(2)Before use have to clearance the rust and miscellaneous articles or objects of the edgy place.The check razor blade should have no crack, the knife stud bolt should the tightly solid protection cover should be intact, connecting ground to want firm, then used for pulling to move to take a round, check the wheel gear to match cleft, adjust good knife blade cleft and settle razor blade and fight with weapons the level cleft of the slice to take 0.5-1 mms as proper.The adjustment of the cleft, pass the mat piece of increase or decrease the behind of the fixed razor blade to carry out.(3)By rule order toward each lubrication and the wheel gear noodles add to note with the daubery lubricant, the liquid press type still needs to add a liquid to press oil:(4)Get empty first to carry to try an operation after start.the whole luck go and should have no card and excrescent voice to ring, the clutch deals with to touch steady, separate thoroughly.If the liquid press type of, should also expel the oil air inside the urn first, after needing each confirmation normally, square can homework.2.the operation important point(1)The new devotion use of cut off machine, should slice thinner reinforcing bar of diameter first, for the convenience of whetting to match in the equipments.(2)Being slice reinforcing bar should adjust first to keep, have to use the medium lower part of the knife blade while slicing to anticipate and should grip reinforcing bar to aim at edge of knife to send a person quickly while fight with weapons a slice of countermarch also, in order to prevent the reinforcing bar bitter end swing or leap a wound person.Strictly forbid while fighting with weapons a slice to have already forwarded start push forward send to anticipate toward the knife door, otherwise take place trouble easily.(3)Strictly forbid to cut off to outrun the reinforcing bar and the material of cut off the machine provision scope.While cutting off several reinforcing bars once, its always cutting area should Be ruling scope in.Forbid to cut off the medium carbon steel reinforcing bar and burn red reinforcing bar.Cut off a low metal alloy steel etc. the special kind reinforcing bar, should replace to correspond of high degree of hardness razor blade.(4)Have to will be slice reinforcing bar to fist while breaking to anticipate, in order to prevent the reinforcing bar bitter end swing or flick harm a person open to.At slice short anticipate, close to the hand of the razor blade with settle an of razor blade of the distance should keep a 150 mms above, if hold a carry of use a set of tube or tongs when the length is small in the 400 mms reinforcing bar the short head suppress or clip tightly, in order to prevent flick wound open person.(5)At the machine revolve, strictly forbid to touch razor blade or used for by hand tidy up the iron scraps of the razor blade directly, can't blow with the mouth, either.The reinforcing bar swings the surroundings and razor blade a neighborhood, operating a personnel not can't stop over.Also want to notice the reinforcing bar swing direction while cutting off to grow to anticipate, prevent°from harming a person.For the sake of assurance reinforcing bar is in the concrete structure of link mutually, raise to prepare strength of make the piece.Have to carry on go together with to the reinforcing barStomach, the flection becomes to establish the size and shape that the juice diagram paper request. this BE, in the reinforcing bar that process to process a work preface together and importantly.Therefore.atThe reinforcing bar processes a machine in, the reinforcing bar flection machine the similarly important reinforcing bar process one of the equipmentses;Currently, for being adapt in a development direction of construct the profession more, success design a kind of liquid press the reinforcing bar flection to cut off machine, it is press by the liquid to spread to move and manipulate of two use tool machine, be applicable to process the diameter as the reinforcing bar with 6-32 mms.This kind of bent machine can be also carry on cutting off a work, is a kind of two use a machine, automation the degree is high, operation convenience, but can't be in the meantime carry on cut off and curve two works.That machine has a the set electric motor to arouse two sets of pillar fill type liquids to press a pump, a set of push cuts off to use piston;Another a set of drive to turn round a liquid to press an urn, arouse a work to hover around to turn.In the meantime, for moving convenience, have to run about a round on the machine bedrock.But such of two have a weakness with the machine be can't be in the meantime carry on process.The usage of the reinforcing bar flection machine1，In order to adapt the variety of the reinforcing bar and the central axis diameter, should add in taking shape stalk- the partiality set, regulate central axis,reinforcing bar and take shape stalk three clefts of in order to.2，According to the diameter of the flection reinforcing bar replace the kit wheel gear to turn by adjusting the work dish(principal axis) soon.When the reinforcing bar diameter d32 mms take low speed:General work the dish often put on slowly and soon, in order to flection all diametral in allow the scope of reinforcing bar.3，When curve the reinforcing bar diameter following in the 20 mm, should place to block to anticipate on inserting, also the stalk set with make curved reinforcing bar of quilt ability the exactitude take shape.Block the plank wants to stick tight reinforcing bar, curving quality by assurance.4，Homework the ex- forerunner go to get empty to carry to try an operation, should have no card ,the difference ring, each manipulate to press button vivid credibility;Carry on again a load to experiment, bend small diameter reinforcing bar first, then bend big diameter reinforcing bar, confirm a normal empress,the square can throw in an usage.Set of steel wireThe reinforcing bar set silk machine namely the reinforcing bar thread conjunction equipments of a kind of, the reinforcing bar thread conjunction equipments and tool mainly have the reinforcing bar set the silk machine,quantity the rules,the dint wrench and emery wheel saw etc..Plusing a method traditionally is a handicraft to pull a tooth on the lather, but the handicraft pull a biggest difficulty of tooth is fix mind difficult, for When the large quantity produce, the handicraft pulls a tooth to exist a labor strength big,produce an efficiency a low and uneasy and identically equal problem.For this, we design a kind of pull a tooth to fix mind a set of silk to equip automatically.The work principle:pull the standard use the tooth put in adjust a tight inside of circle(adjust the size of the tight turn according to pull the size of the tooth from regulate to bolt), bolting with the fixed position will pull the tooth lock tightly Be adjusting a tight inside of circle.Set of the awl handle pole set in the lather tail inside, fix the tail, the lather was transport hall, waving the tail the hand round, pulling the tooth white to move to fix mind, turning to move along with the work piece, the hull body at set left glide with introverted body, twist the spring coil(spring coil from limit piece the limit) to carry on pulling a tooth in the meantime.Turn over lather after pulling the tooth completion movement, under the rebound dint function of the spring coil, the hull body withdraws automatically, completing to pull a tooth.The iron scraps falls the scraps slot to decline a bottom from an of the hull body top . In order to adjusting to fence in to there is indentation tightly, can pass to regulate to bolt to regulate its size, so this device can used for the thread that pulls different specification.It since resolved handicraft to pull a tooth to fix mind a difficult problem, and then eased the labor strength, raised to produce an efficiency consumedly.Prospect foreground, along with construct the exaltation of[with] the construction mechanization degree, the liquid presses the technique and the electronics technique to speed an application in the reinforcing bar machine, the tiny machine controls automatically technical gradual universality, will make the reinforcing bar machine automate to automate and half of the new feature carries out soon.