[中英文對(duì)照]柴油車排氣后處理裝置技術(shù)要求和試驗(yàn)方法

中國汽車技術(shù)研究中心胡 毅2005年12月15日 一、背景 Background二、柴油車排氣后處理系統(tǒng)介紹 Diesel Aftertreatment System Introduction三、法規(guī)要求 Regulation Requirements四、技術(shù)方法 Technical Approach五、總結(jié) Summary 1. 中國將于2007年1月1日?qǐng)?zhí)行滿足歐III排放的重型柴油機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，2010年1月1日將執(zhí)行滿足歐IV排放的重型柴油機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（GB 17691-2005)。 China will require HD to meet Euro III emissions standards in 1/1/2007. Euro IV is planed for 1/1/2010 (GB 17691-2005)2. 基于現(xiàn)在的柴油機(jī)和柴油車技術(shù)，為滿足歐III和更嚴(yán)格的排放法規(guī)，加裝后處理系統(tǒng)是必需的。 Based on the current diesel engine and vehicle technologies, aftertreatment systems may be required in order to meet Euro III and above regulation requirements.3. 所有的后處理系統(tǒng)在裝車前，將進(jìn)行測(cè)試和認(rèn)證。 All aftertreatment systems will need to be tested and validated before they are equipped to the vehicles. l General test procedures will be required to test the candidate aftertreatment systems in order to meet the needs from all the engine and vehicle manufacturers.l Diesel aftertreatment technologies and evaluation procedures exist in the leading markets in the US, Europe and Japan.l The draft procedures are being developed based on the existing procedures. 4. 必須制定切實(shí)可行的測(cè)試規(guī)程，來滿足所有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和車輛制造商的要求。 General test procedures will be required to test the candidate aftertreatment systems in order to meet the needs from all the engine and vehicle manufacturers.5. 在美國、歐洲和日本主要市場(chǎng)都有柴油車后處理技術(shù)和評(píng)價(jià)方法。 Diesel aftertreatment technologies and evaluation procedures exist in the leading markets in the US, Europe and Japan.6. 草案方法是在國際現(xiàn)有的測(cè)試規(guī)程上建立起來的。 The draft procedures are being developed based on the existing procedures. 主要的柴油機(jī)排放物PM、NOxMajor Diesel EmissionsPM and NOx控制PM的后處理系統(tǒng)Aftertreatment Systems To Control PM控制NOx的后處理系統(tǒng)Aftertreatment Systems To Control NOx 燃油催化劑 Fuel Borne Catalyst (FBC)可以和DPF結(jié)合在一起 May use together with DPF柴油氧化型催化劑（DOC） 只控制PM中的SOF排放 可以與DPF結(jié)合在一起Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) Only control SOF in PMMay use together with DPF柴油顆粒過濾器（DPF）Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)流通式Flow-through DPF, 25%部分流式Partial-flow DPF, 85%稀燃NOx 催化劑 Lean NOx Catalyst (LNC)大量降低燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性Greatly reduce fuel economy低的NOx轉(zhuǎn)化效率Low NOx efficiency (90%Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)Needs ureaHigh NOx efficiency, 90%稀燃NOx捕集器或NOx吸收裝置（LNT）Lean NOx Trap (LNT) or NOx Absorber降低燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性；Reduce fuel economy高的NOx轉(zhuǎn)化效率；High NOx efficiency, 90%需要低硫柴油 Requires low sulfur diesel, 50ppm DOCHC, COSOF, O2(NO) H2O, CO2(NO2)LNTNOxHC N2H2O, CO2 SCRNOxNH3 N2DPFPM, O2(NO2) H2O, CO2(NO)Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel is RequiredAdditional HC is required Urea System is Required 1. 柴油車后處理系統(tǒng)的性能是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)臺(tái)架上完成的。后處理系統(tǒng)包括DOC、DPF、SCR和LNT。 Performance of the diesel aftertreatment systems will be tested on engine dynomometer benches. The aftertreatment systems may include DOC, DPF, SCR, and LNT. 2. 后處理系統(tǒng)的性能評(píng)價(jià)將測(cè)試新鮮、預(yù)處理和老化后的轉(zhuǎn)化效率。 Performance evaluation will test the aftertreatment system efficiencies at fresh, degreened, and aged aftertreatment systems.3. 熱機(jī)械耐久性能評(píng)價(jià)將測(cè)試熱振動(dòng)，來模擬后處理系統(tǒng)在實(shí)車上的振動(dòng)工況。 Thermal and mechanical durability evaluation will be performed on a hot-vibration table to simulate real-world vibration performance of the aftertreatments.評(píng)價(jià)后處理系統(tǒng)的多種測(cè)試方法Several tests will be required to evaluate aftertreatment systems 4. 水急冷測(cè)試將評(píng)價(jià)整個(gè)后處理系統(tǒng)在極端工況下的封裝情況。 Water quench test will be performed to evaluate the whole aftertreatment system package under extreme operating conditions.5. 軸向推力測(cè)試將評(píng)價(jià)封裝性能。 Axial pressure test will be performed to evaluate the canning process.6. 密封性測(cè)試將評(píng)價(jià)整個(gè)后處理系統(tǒng)的封裝情況。 Leak check will be performed to evaluate the whole aftertreatment system package. 1. 所有的測(cè)試將在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)臺(tái)架上進(jìn)行。 All tests will be performed on engine bench2. 法規(guī)的主要焦點(diǎn)是放在柴油車排氣后處理系統(tǒng)的性能測(cè)試上。 所有的其他測(cè)試項(xiàng)目，包括水急冷、熱振動(dòng)、軸向推力和密封性測(cè)試會(huì)與現(xiàn)有的汽油機(jī)TWC評(píng)價(jià)相類似。 The major focus of the regulation is diesel aftertreatment system performance test. All other tests, including water quench, vibration, axial pressure and leak check tests, will be similar to the approaches used for gasoline TWC evaluation. 3. 對(duì)于柴油車排氣后處理系統(tǒng)，預(yù)處理將在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)臺(tái)架上進(jìn)行，相當(dāng)于實(shí)車6000公里，目的是使后處理催化劑達(dá)到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)臺(tái)架上測(cè)試時(shí)，推薦采用25小時(shí)的預(yù)處理時(shí)間。 For diesel aftertreatment systems, degreening will be performed on an engine bench to reflect real-world 6000km mileage in order for the aftertreatment catalyst to be stabilized. On engine bench test, 25-hour continuous operation is recommended for degreening.4. 輕型和重型柴油機(jī)/車輛的耐久性要求是不同的，詳細(xì)的規(guī)程見GB 18352.3-2005 (輕型), and GB *-* (重型，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在制定中)。 The durability requirements for light-duty and heavy-duty diesel engines/vehicles will be different, and the specific requirements are presented at GB 18352.3-2005 (for light-duty), and GB *-* (for heavy-duty，regulation is in developing). 5. 詳細(xì)的方法見標(biāo)準(zhǔn)草案。 The detailed procedures are presented in the draft regulation.6. 以下是柴油車后處理系統(tǒng)性能測(cè)試的簡單介紹，包括： As a snapshot, the performance test of the diesel aftertreatment system will include: DOC:測(cè)試不同發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工況下的HC、CO和PM（SOF）轉(zhuǎn)化效率。 DOC: to test conversion efficiency of HC, CO and PM (SOF) under different engine operating conditions. DPF:測(cè)試不同發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工況下PM轉(zhuǎn)化效率（過濾效率和再生效率），包括DPF 加載和再生工況。 DPF: to test conversion efficiency (filtration and regeneration efficiencies) of PM under different engine operating conditions. This will include DPF PM loading and regeneration operations. LNT:測(cè)試不同發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工況下NOx的轉(zhuǎn)化效率。包括NOx吸收（在稀燃工況）和還原（在貧氧工況）。 LNT: to test conversion efficiency of NOx under different engine operating conditions. This will include NOx absorption (under lean conditions) and reduction (under rich conditions) operations. SCR:測(cè)試不同發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工況下NOx的轉(zhuǎn)化效率。包括在需要工況下（穩(wěn)態(tài)或循環(huán)工況）NH3或尿素的噴射。 SCR: to test conversion efficiency of NOx under different engine operating conditions. This will include NH 3 or urea injection in a desired mode (steady-state or cyclic modes). 1. 草案包括了DOC、DPF、LNT 和 SCR 的評(píng)價(jià)方法，以滿足將來柴油車的排放法規(guī)。 DOC, DPF, LNT and SCR are included in this proposed regulation in order to meet the future diesel emissions regulations.2. 柴油機(jī)臺(tái)架將用來評(píng)價(jià)柴油車排氣后處理系統(tǒng) 的性能。 Engine bench tests will be performed to evaluate diesel aftertreatment system performance.3. 后處理系統(tǒng)的預(yù)處理和老化方法是建議的草案，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還包括了系統(tǒng)的耐久性和整個(gè)后處理系統(tǒng)的測(cè)試。 Aftertreatment system degreening and aging procedures are proposed, and system durability and integrity are included in this regulation. 謝 謝！Thanks!