2023年考研英語真題及解析

2023 年考研完形填空真題及答案 Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But 1 some claims to the contrary， laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels， 3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 ， a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way， say， walking or jogging does. 6 ， instead of straining muscles to build them， as exercise does， laughter apparently accomplishes the 7 ， studies dating back to the 1930‘s indicate that laughter 8 muscles， decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway， the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback ， that improve an individua‘l s emotional state. 11 one classical theory of emotion， our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also 14 tears， evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of w ürzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips ， which would produce a 〔n〕 17 expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown ， 19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around 20 ， the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining 4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe 5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable 6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief 7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected 8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes 9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance 10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal 11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for 12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at 13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because 14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses 15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond 16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold 17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent 18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted 19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing 20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely 1 答案： C D B B A B A D C A B C D C B D A C A C 閱讀(古典音樂)解析 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2023. For the most part ， the response has been favorable ， to say the least. “Hooray！ At last！” wrote Anthony Tommasini， a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise，however，is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasin，i who had advocated Gilber‘t s appointment in the Times， calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez ， that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part， I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure， he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions， but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall， or anywhere else， to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf， or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time， attention， and money of the art-loving public， classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses ， dance troupes， theater companies， and museums， but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap ， available everywhere， and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‘s live performances； moreover， they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‘s own interest in new music has been widely noted： Alex Ross， a classical-music critic， has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different， more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference？ Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed， they must first change the relationship between America‘s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract. 譯文： 紐約愛樂樂團(tuán)打算聘請(qǐng) Alan Gilbert 作為下一任的音樂總監(jiān)，這從 2023 年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音樂界引起了熱議。別的不說，大局部人的反響是樂觀的?！昂冒。罱K好了！” Anthony Tommasini 寫道，他可是一個(gè)以嚴(yán)峻著稱的古典音樂評(píng)論家。 但是，這個(gè)任命之所以一起人們驚異的緣由卻是 Gilbert 相對(duì)而言并不是很知名。甚至在時(shí)代雜志上發(fā)文支持 Gilbert 任命的 Tommasini 都稱其為：低調(diào)的音樂家，在他身上找不到那種飛揚(yáng)跋扈的指揮家的氣質(zhì)。紐約愛樂樂團(tuán)迄今為止都是由像 Gustav Mahler〔古斯塔夫？馬勒〕和 Pierre Boulez 布列茲那樣的音樂家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的。這樣去描述這個(gè)樂團(tuán)的下一位指揮， 至少對(duì)于時(shí)代的讀者而言，這是一種蒼白的表揚(yáng)。 就我看來，我不知道 Gilbert 是否是一個(gè)宏大的指揮家或者是一個(gè)好的指揮。但是我能確定的是，他能表現(xiàn)出很多好玩的樂章，但是我卻應(yīng)當(dāng)不會(huì)去Avery Fisher Hall 或者其他地方去聽一場(chǎng)好玩的交響樂演出。我要做的事情就是去我的CD 架上，或者翻開的我的電腦從 ITUNES 上下載更多的唱片。 那些忠實(shí)的音樂會(huì)觀眾會(huì)講唱片并不能代替現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的演出，但是他們無視了一些事情。當(dāng) 下為了獲得藝術(shù)愛好者的錢，時(shí)間，關(guān)注度，古典音樂的演奏家們〔其實(shí)就是指交響樂團(tuán)， 同意復(fù)述〕不僅要和劇院，舞蹈隊(duì)，演出公司和博物館競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而且還需要和那些記錄了 20 世紀(jì)的宏大的古典音樂演奏者表演的唱片競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。唱片很廉價(jià)，那里都能買到，并且比現(xiàn)在很 多現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)的藝術(shù)質(zhì)量要高。進(jìn)一步的講，聽眾能選擇聽唱片的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。這些處處可 以獲得的唱片給傳統(tǒng)的演出機(jī)構(gòu)帶來了危機(jī)。 對(duì)于古典音樂演奏者而言，他們可能的一個(gè)回應(yīng)就是排練出唱片上沒有的曲目。Gilbert 對(duì)音樂興趣已經(jīng)被廣泛的關(guān)注了：Alex Ross，一名古典音樂的批判家，就這樣描述道：他能夠把愛樂樂團(tuán)變成一個(gè)完全不同，更加有活力的組織。但是那種不同的性質(zhì)也是什么呢？ 可能僅僅增加樂團(tuán)演出的曲目是不夠的，假設(shè) Gilbert 和他的樂團(tuán)要進(jìn)步的話，他們就必需首先轉(zhuǎn)變美國最古老的樂團(tuán)〔就是紐約愛樂樂團(tuán)〕同他們想吸引的觀眾間的關(guān)系。 文章分析： 這篇文章來自 Commentary 2023 年 9 月刊的一篇文章 Selling Classical Music by TERRY TEACHOUT.這個(gè)雜志可以說知名度并不高，這可以看出命題人的出題指向性，反反命題的傾向很嚴(yán)峻。以前的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人，今年只有在 B 節(jié)入選。這篇文章的體裁是談?wù)撐?。第一二段都是一個(gè)引入。三段提出了作者的觀點(diǎn)。四段和五段是對(duì)于三段觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)一步的遞進(jìn)和開放。而 在第一個(gè)其次段中是不同的人對(duì)于任指揮的看法。所以閱讀考研文章沒有什么簡(jiǎn)潔的就是 關(guān)注觀點(diǎn)！分清論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)！ 試題分析 21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert‘s appointment has [A]incurred criticism [B]raised suspicion [C]received acclaim [D]aroused curiosity 解析：這個(gè)題目相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)潔，文章在首段首句有這么一句話： The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2023. 紐約愛樂樂團(tuán)打算聘請(qǐng) Alan Gilbert 作為下一任的音樂總監(jiān)，這從 2023 年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音樂界引起了熱議。從這句話可以看出，人們對(duì)Gilbert‘s appointment 是眾說紛紜，布滿了一探到底的氣氛，所以這道題目的答案為D. 22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is [A] influential [B]modest [C]respectable [D]talented 解析：這個(gè)題目關(guān)鍵就是要學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)的敏感：Tommasini 是個(gè)具體的人提他是有目的的。問他的看法，你可以直接看這樣一句：“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”但是這樣的句子中的：unpretentious 和 formidable 屬于難詞，真正知道其詞義的同學(xué)不多，無法直接得出答案 而這個(gè)句子在段落中和第一句是一個(gè)遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，他是進(jìn)一步說明第一句的：One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise， however， is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. 這個(gè)句子難度不大。這個(gè)人相對(duì)來講名氣不大。A，C，D 都無從談起了。只有 modest 和這個(gè)名氣大不大能相關(guān)。 23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers [A] ignore the expenses of live performances [B]reject most kinds of recorded performances [C]exaggerate the variety of live performances [D]overestimate the value of live performances 解析：作者的觀點(diǎn)：The author believes，這個(gè)是在關(guān)注定位詞 devoted concertgoers 后的另外一個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)；作者認(rèn)為 concertgoers miss the point；但具體是什么，需要看選項(xiàng)了。A ，無視了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演奏的費(fèi)用，B，拒絕大多數(shù)的唱片演奏。這兩個(gè)是沒有依據(jù)的屬于未提及選項(xiàng)。C 有確定的干擾性：the variety of live performances，二段中是有variety 這個(gè)單詞的， 并且在段落中消滅了好多并列的成分，這樣對(duì)于很多沒有讀懂原文的同學(xué)其實(shí)是會(huì)產(chǎn)生視覺 干擾的。但是 the value of live performances 這個(gè)賓語和動(dòng)詞是沒有原文依據(jù)的。最終一個(gè)選項(xiàng)之所以正確是由于：作者在始終說唱片的好，而前面又說 concertgoers 認(rèn)為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演奏不會(huì)被唱片代替。這樣就是論點(diǎn)上的正話反說了。通過排解法我們直接可以把答案定位到最終一 個(gè)：高估了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演的價(jià)值。 24. According to the text， which of the following is true of recordings？ [A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality [B] They are easily accessible to the general public [C]They help improve the quality of music [D]They have only covered masterpieces 解析：這是一道典型的細(xì)節(jié)題，通過題干中的關(guān)鍵詞：recordings 定位到倒數(shù)其次段： These recordings are cheap， available everywhere， and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‘s live performances； moreover， they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.一連串的描述就是 B.干擾項(xiàng)是C ： They help improve the quality of music.聽 Kevin 的分析主謂賓，回文章中定位你會(huì)覺察， 文章中說的是唱片中的表演的質(zhì)量要比現(xiàn)在的好，但是并沒有說：help improve the quality of music. [A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality. 和原文表述相反。[D]They have only covered masterpieces.原文沒有提及。而且 only 的表意太確定了。 25. Regarding Gilbert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic， the author feels [A]doubtful [B]enthusiastic [C]confident [D]puzzled 解析：?jiǎn)栕髡叩膽B(tài)度，主體是作者，對(duì)象是 Gilbert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic 從具體表述動(dòng)身查找相應(yīng)的態(tài)度表達(dá)詞：But what will be the nature of that difference？ Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough.一個(gè) but ，一個(gè)？，一個(gè) not 就把這種不確定性給出來了。于是這就是選A doubtful. 大小作文真題解析 51. Directions： Write a letter to a friend of yours to 1） recommend one of your favorite movies and 2） give reasons for your recommendation. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use“Li Ming“instead. Do not write the address.〔10points〕 小作文范文 Dear friends， I”m writing to you to recommend my favorite movie ”Avatar”. It is a very hot movie this year. For starters， it”s a great story and has a fantastic plot. This film captivated me from beginning to end. The fast-paced ， exciting story line kept me on the edge of my seat all the way through. What”s more， the specialeffects are breathtaking. The directing is absolutely neat. And last but not least，it”s an educational movie. It teaches us about dedication，discipline，loyalty and love. I am sure you will enjoy the movie. Yours sincerely， Li Ming 2023 年考研英語大作文題目和范文： 52、Direction Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing .In your essay ，you should 1〕describe the drawing briefly 2〕explain its intended measing and 3〕give your comments You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.〔20points〕 旅途之“余” What an impressive picture it is！ Two young men sitting on the boat are throwing rubbish into the lake， with all kinds of garbage floating on the surface. What is conveyed in the picture is both realistic and thought-provoking. Clearly， we can deduce from the picture that with the rapid development of economy ， tourism as a form of enterprise brings China a lot of benefits， but the environment is being polluted tremendously. In public places people have no awareness that they are doing something damaging the environment， the only environment we have. They cause inconvenience and discomfort to other tourists， and also degrade China”s image as a nation. What can we do then ？ First， I think that government should issue severe regulations ， punishing any behavior that damages the environment. Second， the environment protection awareness of the public should be enforced. People should know how closely the clean environment is related to their personal lives. Let”s hope we will have a cleaner and more beautiful world in the near future. 分析： 今年考研英語作文的難度略有降低。小作文是歷年來?？嫉男问街弧獣朋w，要求寫一封推舉信。比較生疏的推舉信是推舉一個(gè)人，本次作文要求推舉一部電影。開頭可以直接寫明是哪部電影，接下來說明這部電影好在哪里，有什么意義等內(nèi)容。最終可以說一下相 信對(duì)方確定會(huì)寵愛等內(nèi)容。 大作文涉及的內(nèi)容也是近年來的熱點(diǎn)話題——環(huán)保問題。圖片描述的內(nèi)容是游人在湖面上亂扔垃圾，導(dǎo)致垃圾在湖面處處漂移、魚類死亡的現(xiàn)象，反映了人們環(huán)保意識(shí)與公德意識(shí) 的缺失，不僅破壞了環(huán)境，也損害了人們的形象。寫作的時(shí)候可以用比較常用的三段式，開頭描述圖片內(nèi)容，然后說明危害，分析緣由，最終提出解決方案，表達(dá)愿望等。