英語必修ⅰ外研版module4教案1

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1、 Grammar 1： Step 1: Activity one: Give the ss some sentences to read and then point out what tenses are used. 1) A: Has the plane arrived? B: yes. A: when did it arrive? B: half an hour ago 2). He is not in. he has gone to town. He just left before you came. Suggested answ

2、ers: 1). The present perfect tense; the past simple tense 2). The present perfect tense; the past simple tense Activity two: Read the sentences from the A lively city on page 34 and answer the questions based on these sentences. Step 2 Group work ----competition The First group: find o

3、ut the similarities of the sentences in activity two. Conclusion: S + have/has + done The second group: find out the differences the following sentences. 1. I have done my homework 2. He has done his homework 3. She has done her homework 4. You have done your homework 5. The

4、y have done their homework Conclusion: I have done ? she has done ? they have done ? Guess What’s the negative form of those sentences above? S+ have\has not done Conclusion: 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 Consolidation: Complete the exercise two on page34 Grammar 2. Give

5、Ss these sentences and decide which group they belong to A or B. A: describe events that continue over a period of time B: describe events that happen at a particular point in time. 1). you have lived here all your life ?. 2). I ’ve worked for it 4 years now 3). We ’ve started a h

6、oliday club for children 4). A lot of children have joined it. Suggested answers: Sentences1and 2 describe events that continue over a period of time (things which happened in the past and are still continuing up to this moment) Sentences 3and 4 describe events that happen at a partic

7、ular point in time Conclusion: 表示從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在此必須強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。這一點(diǎn)也是這一用法的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。常見的非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞有 come, start/ begin, buy, borrow, leave, die and so on. 備課資料： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)講解 一、注意弄清時(shí)態(tài)的實(shí)際意義 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作 / 狀態(tài) , 或者過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 They have left. -- 他們已經(jīng)離開了 ,

8、 也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@ 里 I have had my lunch. -- 我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了 , 也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓 也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或有可能有可能停止，或有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。。 He has learned English since 2001. - 從 2001 年開始學(xué)的 , 現(xiàn) 在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢 二、基本句型結(jié)構(gòu) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式： have /has ( 助動(dòng)詞 )+done( 過去分詞 ) I/You/They/We have talked . He/She has talked. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)就

9、是在助動(dòng)詞 have 或 has 后加上否定詞 I/You/They/We haven’t(have not) talked .  not ； He/She hasn’t(has not) talked. 其一般疑問句就是將助動(dòng)詞 Have I/You/They/We talked .  have 或 has 提到句首， Has he/she talked. 肯定的簡略回答是： Yes，主語＋ have/has . ，否定的簡略回答是： No，主 語＋ have/has not. 。 如： I have seen t

10、he film.  →Have you seen the film  ？ Yes ， I have./No ， I haven ’t. 三、 注意掌握兩種基本用法 1. “過去的經(jīng)歷”：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的某一時(shí)刻且已經(jīng)結(jié)束，但未 說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間或情景， 強(qiáng)調(diào)該經(jīng)歷 ( 即動(dòng)作發(fā)生后 ) 對現(xiàn)在所造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。 如： I have heard of the man. 我聽說過這個(gè)人。 2. “完成情況”：表示過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。句子中一般有說明其完成情況的短語或從句。①句子

11、中有“已發(fā)生了多久”的時(shí)間狀語的短語或從句。如： I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten years old. 我從十 歲起就住在上海。 ②說明“到說話時(shí)為止，已完成了多少”。即句中，含有表示“完成了多 少”的賓語或表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生次數(shù)的狀語。如： I have read the book three times. 這本書我看了三遍。 四．一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 I

12、saw this film yesterday. I have seen this film.  （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。 ） （強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。  ） 2）一般過去時(shí)常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用 ; 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。 一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語 : yesterday, last week ，? ago, in1990, in October, just now,from..on, -- 具體的過去時(shí)間狀語 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語 : for, since, so far, ev

13、er, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -- 模糊 的時(shí)間狀語 句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960 ）時(shí)， 不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí) （錯(cuò)） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)

14、在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的， 如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。 She joined the League three years ago.( 加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù) 的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). ( 在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)

15、可延續(xù) ) She has been a League memberfor three years (since three years ago). 是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù) ) 五．比較延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié) 果，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 He has finished the work. I ’ve know n him since then.  他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 ( 表結(jié)果 ) 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識他了。 ( 表經(jīng)歷 ) 注意延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和短暫性動(dòng)詞的用法 1. 短暫

16、性動(dòng)詞與短暫性時(shí)間 ( 時(shí)間點(diǎn) ) 連用。如： He joined the Party three years ago. 他入黨三年了。 ( 他三年 前入黨的 ) 2. 用“ It is/has been ＋時(shí)間段＋ since ?”句型。如： It is/has been three years since I bought the book. 這本書我買了三年了。 ( 從買這 本書起到現(xiàn)在已三年了 ) 3. 用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換短暫性動(dòng)詞，句中謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語為“ for ＋時(shí)間段”或“ since ＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。如： He

17、has been in the Greener China for three years.---- He has been a member of the Greener China fot three years. 他加入 “綠色中國”已經(jīng)三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.  ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago.  -----He has been in the Party

18、 for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.  ---- I have had the book for 5 days. 英語延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作 , 如： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay  等。 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用。 表示時(shí)間段的短語有 : f

19、or+ 一段時(shí)間 :for 2 years; since 從句 ,since he came here; since+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞 ,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time 等。 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞 發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。 如:open, die, close, borrow, lend, buy 等。  , 表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作 , 這種動(dòng)作 begin, finish, come, go, move, 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語連用

20、，如：  two years ago; at 5 oclock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 leave --- be away borrow --- keep buy --- have begin/start --- be on die --- be dead finish --- be over open sth --- keep sth open fall ill --- be ill get

21、up---be up catch a cold --- have a cold come here --- be here go there --- be there fall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) leave --- be away from get to know --- know go (get) out →be out put on → wear 比較 since 和 for

22、 since 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間— “自從??” for 用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度— “長達(dá)??” I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意：并非有 for 作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) I worked he

23、re for more than twenty years. ( 我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。 ) I have worked here for many years. ( 現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。 ) 比較 have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in He went to Shanghai last week 上周他 [ 做了一件事 : 那就是 ] 去了上海 He has been to Shanghai. 他( 曾經(jīng) ) 到/ 去過上海 [ 在他人生中曾經(jīng)有 過這樣的經(jīng)歷 , 但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海

24、而是回來了 ] He has gone to Shanghai. 他已經(jīng)去上海了 [ 也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā)  , 也許已經(jīng) 到了 , 也許還在路上  , 反正他人不在這里  ] He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.  他呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)  10 年了  [  現(xiàn)在還在上海沒有離開呢  ] He lived in Shanghai for 10 years.  以前他在上海住過  10 年  [  現(xiàn)在 不在上海了

25、] 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 1. He died 10 years ago. --- He ____ ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. --- He ____ ____ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here th

26、ree days ago. --- He ____ ___ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. --- The light ____ ____ ____ for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. --- He ____ ____ ____ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. --- The film ____ ____

27、____ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. --- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. --- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. -- He ____ ____ a ____ for a year. --- He ____ ____ ____ the army for a year. --- It ____ a year ____ he joined the army.