全國(guó)職稱英語(yǔ)考試 理工B真題解析及答案 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版

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1、2014年全國(guó)職稱英語(yǔ)考試 理工B真題解析及答案 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版 第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1～1 5題，每題1分，共15分) 下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。 1. After wards there was just a feeling of let-down. A. excitement B. anger C. Calm D. disappointment 2. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. A.

2、 copy B. furnish C. publish D. summarize 3. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid. A. hidden B. inflexible C. traditional D. official 4. He led a very moral life. A. honourable B. human C. intelligent D. natural 5. The majority of people around here are dece

3、nt. A. real B. honest C. normal D. wealthy 6. His knowledge of French is fair. A. very useful B. very limited C. quite good D. rather special 7. The group does not advocate the use of violence. A. limit B. regulate C. support D. oppose 8. The worst agonies of the wa

4、r were now beginning. A. pains B. parts C. aspects D. results 9. It was a magic night until the spell was broken. A. time B. charm C. space D. opportunity 10. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system. A. prove B. discover C. consider D. imagi

5、ne 11. Several windows had been smashed. A. cleaned B. replaced C. broken D. fixed 12. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. A. homework B. act C. justice D. model 13. London quickly became a flourishing port. A. major B. large C. successful D. commer

6、cial 14. His professional career spanned 16 years. A. started B. changed C. moved D. lasted 15. His stomach felt hollow with fear. A. empty B. sincere C. respectful D. terrible 答案：DBBAB CCABB CBCDA 第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16～22題，每題l分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確

7、信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。 參考：CABABAC 第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23—30題，每題1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 23. Paragraph 2 _____B______ 24. Paragraph 3 _____C______ 25. Paragraph 4 _____D______ 26. Paragraph 5 _____F__

8、____ A. Rising of sea levels B. Impact of burning fossil fuels C. Fast feedbacks D. Slow feedbacks E. Unpredictability of feedback processes F.A prediction of future climate change 27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in ____D_______. 28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to

9、reach ____A_______. 29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing ___E________. 30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for ___B________. A. the exposed ground B. a very long time C. the extra heat D. recorded history E. previously published studie

10、s F. rapid exaggeration of impacts 第4部分：閱讀理解(第31—45題，每題3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 第一篇 Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance ① Bored of using a mouse? Soon youll be able to change stuff on your computer screen – and then move it directly onto your smartph

11、one or tablet(平板電腦) –with nothing more than a glance. ② A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted （第一題）eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – a photo, say – and then pressing a key, selects that object.

12、It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly. ③ "The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire, "says Jayson Turner, who developed t

13、he system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK. ④ Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos. ⑤ （第二題） A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at othe

14、rwise you end up with the "Midas touch"(點(diǎn)石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at," he says. ⑥ Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California,

15、 says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. （第三題）"EyeDrop solves this in a slick (靈巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism," he say

16、s. "This now allows users to seamlessly(無(wú)縫地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner." ⑦ While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptop

17、s and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future. ⑧ （第五題）Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The syste

18、m was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week. 31. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______ D A. change our computer screen. B. focus on anything that interests us. C. get a smartphone connected wirelessly. D. move an object from scree

19、n with a glance. 32. Why is a button needed? D A. To minimize the cost of EyeDrop. B. To choose as many objects as possible. C. To make EyeDrop different from others. D. To select what we want. 33. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______ C A. application of gaze-tracking in

20、 human-computer interaction. B. interaction between human and computer. C. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices. D. generalization of EyeDrop system. 34. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer devices. D A. They are costly. B. They

21、are available. C. They are installed in Google Glass headset. D. They are expected to come out soon. 35. What is Turner likely to study next? C A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps. B. How to present the system in public. C. How to get touch screen involved. D. How to cut an

22、d paste content from a public display. 第二篇 The Mir Space Station ① （第一題）The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be cred

23、ited with many firsts in space. ② The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing ho

24、st to1 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each2. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles. ③ The more than 400 million the United States pr

25、ovided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations. ④ A debate continues over Mir’s contributions to science. During its existence, Mir wa

26、s the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and earned scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations.3 Experiments on Mir arc credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But f

27、or those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. （第二題）he longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in s

28、pace in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid4, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996. ⑤ Despite the many firsts（第三題） Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir, In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system br

29、oke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures. ⑥ Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir’s reputation as a space station was ruined. ⑦ Mir’s setbacks arc nothing, though5, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mi

30、r was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. （第四題）But it’s time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a

31、 great debt to Mir. 36. We can learn from the passage that the Mir Space Station （D） A. was designed to last over 5 years. B. played host to 7 astronauts from different countries. C. was visited only by Americans. D. was built by Russians. 37. One of the contributions Mir makes to science is

32、 that, it （C） A. help astronauts get close to Mars. B. enables scientists to develop new scientific equipment. C. sets a record of the longest single human stay in space. D. shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive. 38. What happened to Mir in 1997? （D） A. it ran out i

33、ts fund. B. it was completely damaged by fire. C. its reputation was ruined due to power failures. D. its main computer system broke out. 39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that （D） A. space exploration will not experience setbacks. B. it is difficult for other space stations exce

34、ed Mir’s success. C. Mir is the best long-term human habitation in space in history. D. multinational space operation are getting more accomplishments. 40. What is the author’s attitude toward Mir? （C） A. indifferent. B. ironic. C. favorable. D. negative 第三篇 Approaches to Understand

35、ing Intelligences ① It bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different. Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have tw

36、o different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences . ② Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that conc

37、ludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests. ③ Studies of the b

38、rain show that there is a biological basis for（第二題） general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differ

39、ences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain . ④ Howard （第三題）Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes gener

40、al intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities wi

41、thin these intelligences .（第四題）Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences . ⑤ （第五題）Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who

42、cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身體動(dòng)覺(jué)的),and naturalistic . 41. What is the main i

43、dea of this passage? （A） A. How to understand intelligence. B. The importance of intelligence. C. The development of intelligence tests. D. How to become intelligent. 42. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence? （B） A. Most intelligent people do well o

44、n some intelligence tests. B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests. C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests. D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests. 43. Gardner believes that ________.A A. children have differ

45、ent intelligences. B. all children are alike. C. children should take one intelligence test. D. there is no general intelligence. 44. According to Gardner, schools should ________.D A. test students’ IQs. B. train students who do poorly on tests. C. focus on finding the most intellige

46、nt students. D. promote development of all intelligences. 45. Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .B A. musical foundation. B. biological foundation. C. intrapersonal foundation. D. linguistic foundation. 第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容

47、將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。 The Day a Language Died When Carios Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian

48、Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations.（ 46 A ）They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever. We are all aware of the danger that modern industry c

49、an cause the world’s ecology（生態(tài)）.However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages as well. As these languages become more powerful,

50、their use as tools of business and culture increases. As well,（ 47 F ）When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out. Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are

51、many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. （ 48 B ）In the America

52、s, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are dying out. Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the danger of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue.（ 49 C ）.

53、 The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead. What does it mean for the rest of us when a language disappears? When a plant insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what has been lost and to

54、for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder，must be a peculiarly lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. （ 50 E ） A .Some peop

55、le might want to learn some of these songs by hearts. B .Papus New Guines is an extremely rich source of different language，but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction（滅絕）. C .However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.

56、D .There languages don’t have many native speakers. E .For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world. F .As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increase. 第6部分：完型填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分

57、) 下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 Underground Coal Fires Coal burning deep underground in China， India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned. These large-scale A underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding veget

58、ation, produce greenhouse gases and can Ceven ignite forest fires, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting C release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and s

59、oils, they warned. “Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro , USA. But Bsurprisingly few people know about them. Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The

60、heat produced is not caused to A disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. C Such fires in China consume up to 200 million t

61、ones of coal per year, delegates were told. InC comparison, the U. S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher, D whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International journal of Coal Ecology. C Once underway, coa

62、l fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large C volumes of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere. The members of the panel discussed the A impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed th

63、at the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to D detect. Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to B estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested D method of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices) , which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to B cut off the oxygen supply. 答案：ACCBA CCDCC ADBDB