職稱英語(yǔ)考試 衛(wèi)生類 B 押題 小抄字典版

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1、Captain 256 germson *9The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints. Losing __1 them could become troublesome

2、. A case released online in a letter by Annals of Oncology indicates how big a __2 problem __ of losing fingerprints is. Eng-Huat Tan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capecitabine to __3 treat __ his nasopharyngeal cancer. After three years on the __4 drug

3、.__ ，the patient decided to visit U. S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U. S. customs officials _ 5for _ 4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldnt get fingerprints from the man. There were no distinctive swirly __6 marks __ appearing from his index finger. U. S.

4、 customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. Their index fingers are __7 printed.__ and screened against digital files of the fingerprints of bad guys— terrorists and potential criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping out of the country. U

5、nfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler，one potential __8 side __ effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads. __9 Hence __ ，no fingerprints. “It is uncertain when fingerprint loss will __10 begin __ to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine，” Tan po

6、ints out. So he cautions any physicians who __11 prescribe _ the drug to provide their patients with .a doctor’s note pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear. “ Eventually, the Singapore traveler made it into the United States. I guess the name on his passport didn’t r

7、aise any red flags. But he，s also now got the explanatory doctor’s note — and won’t leave home __12without__ it. By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration, __13which__ approved use of the drug 11 years ago, should consider __14_ updating _ its list of side effects associated with this medi

8、cine. The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting, stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where __15 does.__ it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints. *6 Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV Treatment Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many

9、 HIV drugs into a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS,2 for example, are all treated with combinations of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be simpler if drug companies combined all the medicines into

10、a single pill, taken just once a day. Now, two companies say they have done that for people just starting treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have developed a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3

11、 Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them under the name of Sustiva.4 Gilead combined the others, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four. Combining drugs involves more than technical issues. It also involves issues of competition if the drugs are made by different companies. Th

12、e new once-daily pill is the result of what is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of HIV In January the New England Journal of Medicine5 published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its effectiveness to6 that of the widely used combination of Sus

13、tiva and Combivir. Combivir contains two drugs, AZT7 and 3TC.8 The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed HIV levels in more patients and with fewer side effects.9 Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltim

14、ore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, GlaxoSmithKline. Glaxo Smith Kline reacted to the findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of

15、 more than fifty studies. The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developing countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration10 to approve the new p

16、ill. There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, pregnant women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth disorders.11 Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with HIV *7 Exercise Whether or not e

17、xercise adds to the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exerise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleas

18、ant but beneficial. How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration.The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But n

19、ot so with those _of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is question hard _to answer. Individual variability is too great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person

20、of forty but folly for another. The sage limit for exercise depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will serve as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition o

21、f the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion. What type of exercise one should choose _depens upon one’s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy

22、 vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out o

23、f exercise. *8 Old And Active It is well—known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A recent report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world．A healthy long life is the result of improvement in social environment. Scientists are tryin

24、g to work out exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be learnt from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we make any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret ingredient in the Jap

25、anese diet that is particularly beneficial to the human body? Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate．Although longer life should be celebrated, it is actually considered a social problem．The number of older people had doubled in the last half ce

26、ntury and that has increased pension and medical costs．The country could soon be facing an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked after and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them． Raising the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution

27、to the problem. Work can give the elderly a sense of responsibility and mission in life. It’s important that the elderly play active roles in the society and live in harmony with all generations. *10 Hospital Mistreatment According to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment

28、, including humiliation by senior doctors, being threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school. The findings come from analysis of the responses to a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents. The survey and analysis appear in the April 15th iss

29、ue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. Overall, out of the 1,277 residents who completed surveys, 1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year. In addition to reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45% of the residen

30、ts said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons had made false medical records. Moreover, nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians, or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequ

31、ent event. More than 10% of the residents said they were not allowed to have enough sleep, and the average number of hours without _ sleep was 37.6. The average on-call hours during a _ typical week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hou

32、rs some weeks. Although 30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination, verbal abuse was the most common problem cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they were belittled o

33、r humiliated by more senior residents, while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work. Being “given tasks for punishment,” “being pushed, kicked or hit,” and having someone “threatening your reputation or career,” were reported as a more frequent occurrence by over 10% of the resp

34、onding residents. *8 Old And Active It is well—known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A recent report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world．A healthy long life is the result of improvement in social environment. Scientists are

35、 trying to work out exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be learnt from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we make any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret ingredient in t

36、he Japanese diet that is particularly beneficial to the human body? Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate．Although longer life should be celebrated, it is actually considered a social problem．The number of older people had doubled in the last h

37、alf century and that has increased pension and medical costs．The country could soon be facing an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked after and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them． Raising the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one sol

38、ution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a sense of responsibility and mission in life. It’s important that the elderly play active roles in the society and live in harmony with all generations. 1. “Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning 2. Prolonging Human Life 3. Sleep Lets Brain File Memor

39、ies 4. Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost 5. Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics 6.FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce 7.Early or Later Day Car 8.Egypt Felled by Famine 9. After-birth Depression Blamed for Womans Suicide 10. Obesity: the Scourge of the West

40、ern World 11. New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus 12.Diseases of Agricultural Plants 13.Silent and Deadly 14. Spacing in Animals 15．Fruit and Vegetables Juices As Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies1 16.In-line Skating and Injuries 17.Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements

41、 1. “Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning 1) Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with people 2) Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”? 3) Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group

42、average per day? 4) Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage? 5) According to the last paragraph, tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol 1) who drink alcohol outside of mealsur. 2) It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.

43、 3) 3 drinks. 4) Laryngeal cancer. 5) reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer. 2. Prolonging Human Life 1. The writer believes that the population explosion results from 2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures 3. According to the passage, which of the fol

44、lowing statements about retired people in the United States is true? 4. In Paragraph 3, the phrase “this need” refers to 5. Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals? 1）a decrease in death rates 2）infants could be le

45、ft dead in times of starvation. 3）Many of them have a very hard life. 4）the need to take care of sick and weak people. 5）Critical. 3. Sleep Lets Brain File Memories 1) Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?”? 2) What is the result

46、of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University? 3) What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4? 4) In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage? 5) According to the last paragraph, what is the ultima

47、te reason for going to the gym? 1) Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? 2) Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together tin memory consolidation. 3) The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance. 4) The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one’s memory. 5) To

48、 control glucose levels. 5） To control glucose levels 4. Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost 1) What form of potato is the most nutrient to the human body? 2) What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean? 3) For what a purpose did the researchers use raw potato star

49、ch in their experiment? 4) All of the following foods are rich in resistant starch EXCEPT 5) What a kind of starch is resistant starch after all? 1) Potato salad. 2) It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation. 3) They wanted to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch. 4) v

50、egetables 5) It cannot be digested in the small intestine and ferments in the large intestine. 5. Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics 1） How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin? 2） Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin by 3） The s

51、ubjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included 4）To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect? 5）.According to Deta, among most diabetics the importance of exercise is_______ the importance of watching their diet. 1）By doi

52、ng brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week. 2）30 per cent. 3）both A and B. 4）To the degree where they begin to sweat 5）less understood than 6.FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce 1) “Food-borne diseases” in this essay means those diseases 2) Some fruit grower groups

53、believe that most food-borne diseases are caused by 3) An FDA official said that putting the guidelines into practice 4) Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines because they didn’t think that these guidelines 5) The last paragraph suggests that 1) which people get by eating fruits which ha

54、ve been polluted 2) people involved in distributing fresh produce. 3) would not be very expensive. 4) would surely be carried out. 5) a good way should be found to encourage foreign growers to follow the FDA guidelines. 7.Early or Later Day Car 1) Which of the following statements would Bowlby

55、 support? 2) Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby’s work? 3) It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that 4) Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby’s theory? 5) Which of the following best expresses the writer’s attitude

56、towards early day care? 1) The first three years of ones life is extremely important to the later development of personality. 2) Mothers should not send their children to day care centers until they are three years of older. 3) the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies.

57、 4) Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with. 5) The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics. 8.Egypt Felled by Famine 1) Why does the author mention “pyramid builders”? 2) Which of the following factors was ultimately respons

58、ible for the fall of the civilization of ancient Egypt? 3) Which of the following statements is true? 4) According to Krom, Egypt’s Old Kingdom fell 5) the word “devastating” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by 1)Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization. 2)Change o

59、f climate. 3)The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile. 4)immediately after a period of drought. 5)“damaging”. 9. After-birth Depression Blamed for Womans Suicide 1) Which of the following is NOT a symptom of postpartum psychosis? 2) It was considered fortunate by Stokes’

60、 mother in the miserable event 3) A patient suffering from “baby blues” may present briefly one or more of the following symptoms EXCEPT 4) How many bearing women have experiences of after-birth depression? 5) Who induced the most serious consequence among the postpartum depression patients menti

61、oned in the passage? 1) Inflamed breast. 2) that Stokes had not taken her daughter with her. 3) having an intention of suicide. 4) About one fifth of them. 5) Judy Kirby of Indianapolis. 10. Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World 1) It is estimated that there are _____ people suffering fr

62、om obesity in the world. 2) It seems that the _____ people are least affected by obesity among the developed countries and areas mentioned in the passage. 3) Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity? 4) What is the correlation between body weight and heart disease and blood pre

63、ssure? 5) From the last paragraph we may infer that one of the effective measures suggested by Ludnik to prevent children from being obese would be 1) 250,000,000 2) Japanese 3) Diabetes. 4) The more body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure he has. 5) to

64、tell them to spend less time watching TV. 11. New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus 1) According to the passage, the attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus 2) Which is NOT true about the study? 3) What do He’s words “Bear in mind undetectable does not equal absent “mean? 4) How do we prove that the

65、 drugs have wiped out the remaining viruses? 5) Other scientists are looking at experiments that are similar in that they are 1) continues to be hopeful. 2) 16 patients did not go through the whole study. 3) AIDS virus can be undetectable in the blood. 4) by stopping the drugs to see if the vi

66、rus comes back. 5) bold. 12.Diseases of Agricultural Plants How many diseases are known to attack wheat? According to this passage, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked? What is the main idea of the second paragraph? According to the passage, some plant diseases can be prevented by Which of the following statements is not true? 1) Around 40. 2) Social upheavals. 3) Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a