全國職稱英語考試 綜合A 真題與答案解析 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版

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1、2014年全國職稱英語考試 綜合A 真題與答案解析 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版 第1部分：詞匯 1、There was an inclination to treat geographyas a less important subject. Apoint B result C finding Dtendency 2、New secretariescame and went with monotonous regularity. A amazing B depressing C predictable D dull 3、The committee was asked to render a repor

2、tabout the housing situation. Acopy B publish C summarize Dfurnish 4、The group does not advocate the use of violence. A　limit B supportC regulate D oppose 5、The originalexperiment cannot be exactly duplicated. A invented B reproduced C designed D reported 6、The department deferred the decision

3、 for six months A put offB arrived at C abided by Dprotested against 7、The symptoms of thedisease manifested themselves ten days later. A eased B improved C relieved D appeared 8、The uniform makes the guards look absurd. A serious B beautiful Cimpressive D ridiculous 9、Some of the larger bird

4、s can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. A motionless B silent C seated D true 10、The country wastorn apart by strife. A conflict B poverty C war D economy 11、She felt that she had done a good deed forthe day. A actB homework C justice D model 12、A person`s wealthis often in inv

5、erse proportion to theirhappiness. A equal B certain C large D opposite 13、His professionalcareer spanned 16 years. A started B changed C lasted D moved 14、His stomach felt hollow with fear. Asincere B respectful C emptyD terrible 15、This was disasteron a cosmic scale. A modest B commercial C

6、 huge D national 第2部分：概括大意 TheStoryteller 1. Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: totell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. And that’s what hehas always been about. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielbergspent his early chil

7、dhood in New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the verybeginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that wouldlater inspire his filmmaking. 2. Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clearmemories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggesthits. He b

8、elieves that E.T. is the result of the difficult years leading up tohis parent’s 1966 divorce, “It is really about a young boy who was in search ofsome stability in his life.”“He was scared of just about everything,” recalls his mother, LeahAdler. “When trees brushed against the house, he would head

9、 into my bed. Andthat’s just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.” 3. Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands onhis dad’s movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and World War ΙΙ battles. Spielberg’s talent for scary storytelling enabled him

10、 tomake friends. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, Spielberg became thecenter of attention. “Steven would start telling his ghost stories,” says Richard Y. Hoffman Jr., leader of Troop 294, “and everyone would suddenly getquiet so that they could all hear it.” 4. Spielberg moved to Calif

11、ornia with his fatherand went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated.Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to g

12、et an unpaid, non-creditinternship（實(shí)習(xí)）in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back. 5. Now, many years later, Spielberg is stilltelling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. Ask him where hegets his ideas, Spielberg shrugs.“The proce

13、ss for me is mostly intuitive (憑直覺的),”he says.“There are films that I feel I need to make, for a variety ofreasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of mon

14、ey, like the sequel(續(xù)集) to Jurassic Park.” A. Inspirations for his movies B. The trouble of making movies C. A funny man D. Getting into the movie business E. Telling stories to make friends F. An aim of life 23. Paragraph 1___F___ 24.Paragraph 2____A_____ 25.P

15、aragraph 3____E_____ 26.Paragraph 4____D_____ A. almost everything B. telling scary stories C. a number of reasons D. making children laugh E. his childhood memories F. a lot of money 27.Some of Spielberg’s most successful movies came from ____E___ 28.When Sp

16、ielberg was a boy, he used to be scared of ____A_____ 29. Spielberg is very good at _____B____ 30.Spielberg says he makes movies for ____C____ 第3部分 判斷對(duì)錯(cuò) "Wanna buy abody? "That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got fromself-e mployed photographers when

17、 I was a photo editor at U．S．News．Like many in the mainstream press, I wantedto separate the world of photographers into "them" ,who trade inpictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana, and"us" ,the serious newspeople．But after 16 yearsin that role, I came to wonder whether the

18、 two worlds were easilydistinguishable． Work ing in thereputable world of journalism, I told photographers to cover other peoplesdifficult life situations．I justifiedmarching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the readers right toknow．I worked with professionals talking their wayinto

19、situations or shooting from behind police lines．And I wasnt alone． In any Americantown, after a car crash or some other horrible incident when ordinary peopleare hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers totake photos of the blood and injuries．But you are likelyto see

20、 local newspaper and television photographers on the scene –and fast . How can we justifydoing this? Journalists are taught to separate, doing the job from worryingabout the consequences of publishing what they record．Repeatedly, they are reminded of anews-business saying: Leave your conscience in

21、the office, A victim may liebleeding, unconscious, or dead．Your job is torecord the image （圖象）．Youre aphotographer, not an emergency medical worker．You put away yourfeelings and document the scene． But catastrophicevents often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors．In the first minu

22、tes and hours after adisaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures．They rush toobtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and death isusually the subject．Often, an agencybuys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it upfor bid by major magazines．Th

23、e mostsought-after special pictures command tens of thousands of dollars throughbidding contests． I worked on allthose stories and many like them．When they happen,you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to the pictures． Now, many peoplebelieve journalists are the hypocrites

24、（偽君子） who need to bebrought down, and its our pictures that most anger others．Readers may not believe, as we do, that thereis a distinction between clear-minded "us" and mean-spirited"them"．In too many cases, by our choices of imagesas well as how we getthem, we prove our readers right． 16. The w

25、riter never got an offer for a photograph of a dead person. 　　A. Right 　　B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned 　　17. The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago. 　　A. Right 　　B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned 　　18. The writer believes that shooting people’s nightmares is justifiable. 　　A. Right 　　

26、B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned 　　19. News photographers are usually a problem for secure workers at an accident. 　　A. Right 　　B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned 　　20. Journalists aren’t supposed to think about whether they are doing the right thing. 　　A. Right 　　B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned 　　2

27、1. Editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for exclusive pictures. 　　A. Right 　　B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned 　　22. Many people say that they are annoyed by the US News pictures. 　　A. Right 　　B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned 第4部分 閱讀理解 The National Trust 　　The National Trust in Britainplays

28、 an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoymentof the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although theTrust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not arich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who ca

29、re forthe unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charitywhich depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of thepublic. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and placesof historical interest. 　　The attention of the publicwas first dr

30、awn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles ofBritain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-centuryhouse to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. Thisgift attracted wide publicity and started the Trusts "Country HouseScheme”.

31、 Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the generalpublic, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public aboutone hundred and fifty of these old houses2. Last year about one and three quartersof a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a ve

32、rysmall charge. 　　In addition to country housesand open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and watermills3 , nature reserves4, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousandfive hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some completevillages. In these villages

33、no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb theold village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in theiroriginal sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development ordisturbances of a

34、ny kind are permitted. The public has free access to theseareas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife. Soit is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and importantorganization and an essential and respected part of national life, preservingall that is of gr

35、eat natural beauty and of historical significance not only forfuture generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who eachyear invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage. 31. The national trust is a B、non-profit organization depenging on voluntary

36、 service 32、 The national trust is dedicated to D、protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic 33、We can infer from paragraph 2 that Lord Lothion ____ C、saved many old country houses in britain 34、All the following can be inferred from the passage except _____ A、the trust more inte

37、rested in protecting the 16 century houses 35、the word “invade”in pargraph 4 1s closest in meaning to C、visit in large number How we form first impression We all have first impressionof someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someonewithout really knowing anythin

38、g about him or her – aside perhaps from a fewremarks or readily observable traits. The answer is related to how yourbrain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive inpicking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes,ears, nose, or mouth are placed

39、 in relation to each other make you see him orher as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensoryinformation – the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals”are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called thecortex （大腦皮層）system to

40、determine what thesenew signals “mean”. If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar andsafe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “new—potentially threatening”. Thenyour brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known”memories. The height, weight, dr

41、ess, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice areall matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brainmay say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Oryour brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures –like your other frien

42、ds; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But thesespreliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong. When we stereotype people, we use aless mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very youngchild) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather thanlear

43、n about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values,strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. However, if we resist initialstereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person istruly like. If we spend time with a pers

44、on, hear about his or her life, hopes,dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, moremature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allowus to be humane. 1. Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her _____- facial featur

45、e 2. If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likelyto say____ I like the person 3. The word “preliminary” means ____ initial 4. Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because _____ we neglect their depth and breath 5. Which of the followin

46、g statements best expresses the main idea of thepassage? Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer 　　Post-menopausal(絕經(jīng)后)women who walkfor an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a studyhas suggested.

47、The report ,which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenc

48、ed cancer risk. 　　A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published inCancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of97,785 aged 50-74 w

49、ho had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group. 　　They were asked to completequestionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active andparticipating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics

50、(有氧運(yùn)動(dòng))and how much timethey spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the samequestionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women,47%said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for atleast seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of bre

51、ast cancer compared tothose who walked three or fewer hours per week. 　　Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologistat the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:”Giventhat more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as ahealthy leisure-time activity

52、 could be an effective strategy for increasingphysical activity amongst post-menopausal women.We were pleased to find thatwithout any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day wasassociated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(緊張的)and longeractivities low

53、ered the risk even more.” 　　Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executiveof Breast Cancer Campaign,said:”This study adds further evidence that ourlifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer andeven small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make adiff

54、erence.” 　　She added:”We know that the best weaponto overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the firstplace. The challenge now is how we turn these 　　findings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.” 　　31. All of

55、 the following factorsrelating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage____EXCEPT________ 　　A. breathingexercise 　　B.regular walking 　　C.recreational activity 　　D.lifestyle choices 　　32. It can be inferred from Dr. AlpaPatel’s study that____. 　　A. women have fewer chances of physicalactivi

56、ty 　　B. dailywalking could cut the chance of breast cancer 　　C. leisure-time activity is notassociated with cancer risk 　　D. walking is not recommended for womenwith breast cancer 　　33. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____. 　　A. headof the survey study 　　B. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology 　　C. chair o

57、f the American Cancer Society 　　D. chief executive of Breast CancerCampaign 　　34. Which of the following statements istrue according to the passage? 　　A. Most women take walking as their onlyrecreational activity. 　　B. The study aims to track the healthconditions of its subjects. 　　C.Walking wa

58、s the only recreational activity for about half of the women 　　D. Irregular walking increased the riskof breast cancer in post-menopausal women 　　35. The word “sustainable”in the lastparagraph is closest in meaning to ??????? 　　A.continuable 　　B. affordable 　　C. available 　　D. persistent

59、 第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文 Wrongly convinced man and his accuser tell their stories 　　　NEWYORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martin’s Press has announced the release of thepaperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelistJohn Grisham calls an “account of vio

60、lence, rage, redemption(救贖)，and, ultimatelyforgiveness.” 　　The story began in 1987, in Burlington,North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named JenniferThompson. During her ordeal, Thompson swore to herself that she would neverforget the face of her rapist, a man who climbe

61、d through the window of herapartment and assaulted her brutally.___f_____(46)When the police asked her ifshe could identify the assilant(襲擊者)from a book of mug shots, she pickedone that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in alineup. Based on her convincing eyewithness

62、 testimony,a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for twolife terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed the decision, and by the time of theappeals hearing, evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapistmight have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned c

63、riminal namedBobby Poole.___d__(47)Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, andonce again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her. 　　Eleven years later, DNA evidencecompletely exonerated(證明……清白)Cotton and justas unequivocally(明確地)convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime. __

64、_e_____(48) “The man I was sosure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, whoraped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,” shewrote. “And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions wasabsolutely innocent.” 　　____a___(49) Rem

65、arkably both were ableto put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them,and write a book, which they have subtitled “Our memoir of injustice andredemption.” 　　Nevertheless, Thompson says, she stilllives “with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly__

66、__c__(50)” 　　A. Jennifer Thompson decided to meetCotton and apologize to him personally. 　　B. Many criminals are sent to prison onthe basis of accurate testimony by eyewithnesses. 　　C. I cannot begin to imagine what wouldhave happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital case 　　D. Another trial was held.