2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí) 數(shù)詞.doc

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2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí) 數(shù)詞 英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目或者順序， 可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)量，序數(shù)詞表示順序。 知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！ 一、基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 1．1—12的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。 2．13—19的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18較特殊， 13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。 3．20—90的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如： sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80較特殊， 20—twenty 30—thirty 40—forty 50—fifty 80—eighty。 4．十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間要加連字符號(hào)“-”，如：28—twenty-eight，96—ninety-six。 5．百位和十位（若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位）之間加and，如：148—one hundred and forty-eight 406—four hundred and six。 6．hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百萬(wàn)），billion（十億）等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞，也不能在它們的后面加s。如：600—six hundred，8百萬(wàn)—eight million。 7．1000以上的數(shù)字，從后往前數(shù)每三位加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“，”第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前為千（thousand），第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前為百萬(wàn)（million），第三個(gè)逗號(hào)前為billion（十億）。英語(yǔ)中無(wú)“萬(wàn)”這個(gè)詞，我們可以用“幾十個(gè)千（thousand）”表示幾萬(wàn)，“幾百個(gè)千（thousand）”表示“幾十萬(wàn)”。如：2，510＝two thousand five hundred and ten；84，296＝eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six；274，350＝two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。 二、序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 序數(shù)詞一般是以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾加-th構(gòu)成，例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的這些基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí)， 有特別之處。 1.one--- first, two --- second, three --- third, five --- fifth, nice --- ninth, twelve --- twelfth 2. 以ty 結(jié)尾的單詞， 要先變y為I, 在加-eth. 例如：thirty ---thirtieth, fifty ---fiftieth 3. 以one, two, three 等結(jié)尾的多位數(shù)詞， 要將各位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。 例如： twenty-one --- twenty-first, one hundred and one --- one hundred and first 注意： 序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞， 有時(shí)還可以用不定冠詞 a/an 則表示 “又一 ”的意思。 例如：Mr Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外還有一輛車。 He has tried a second time. 他又嘗試了一次。 三、數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用 1．時(shí)刻的表示：小時(shí)、點(diǎn)鐘、分鐘、秒鐘要用基數(shù)詞。 ①“幾點(diǎn)鐘”用基數(shù)詞加oclock。oclock可省略。如： 5點(diǎn)鐘—five（oclock）． ②“幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分 ”，≤30分鐘”用介詞past。如： 7：05—five past seven；7：15—fifteen （a quarter）past seven；7：30—half past seven。 ③“差幾分幾點(diǎn)”用介詞“to”。如：7：40—twenty to eight；7：45—fifteen（a quarter to eight。 ④日常生活中的時(shí)間讀法常常簡(jiǎn)化，直接按基數(shù)詞的順序讀。如：7：05—seven o five；7：15— seven fifteen。 2．年月日的表示： ① 年份用基數(shù)詞，如：xx年—nineteen ninety-nine； 1900年—nineteen hundred； xx—two thousand；1905—nineteen o five； ② 年用基數(shù)詞，日用序數(shù)詞。如：xx年6月8日 寫作：June 8，xx；讀作：June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June， nineteen ninety-eight。 3. 世紀(jì)、年代表示法： （在）90年代 (in) the nineties （在）19世紀(jì) (in) the nineteenth century （在）18世紀(jì)30年代 (in) 1730s或1730’s 4．編號(hào)的表示： ① Lesson One ＝the first lesson第一課； ② Bus No．3＝the No．3bus 3路公共汽車； ③ 表示住所時(shí)不用“No．”如：302房間—Room 302（讀作：room three o two）； ④ 如果編號(hào)的數(shù)詞比較長(zhǎng)，一般用基數(shù)詞。如：Page 457第457頁(yè)； ⑤ 電話號(hào)碼，用基數(shù)詞,如：3855633—three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。 5．分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)： 分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于“1”，分母則加“s”。如：1／3 one third，2／3two thirds； 另外：1／2 a（one）half; 1／4one fourth或a（one）quarter;3／4threefourths或three quarters。 half a second; a quarter of a second四分之一秒 6. 表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　5.5 five point five 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 12.135 twelve point one three five 7．表示百分?jǐn)?shù) 5℅：five percent (per cent)， 0.8℅ zero point eight percent (per cent). 8．表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　5.5 five point five 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　12.135 twelve point one three five 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 9．其他用法： 1）基數(shù)詞＋單數(shù)名詞＋形容詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞。如：一個(gè)五歲的男孩a five-year-old boy； 一座800米長(zhǎng)的橋an 800-metre-long bridge；女子400米接力girls400-metre relay race。 2）具體數(shù)詞＋metre（s）／kilometre（s）／kilo（s）long ／ high ／tall ／deep ／away等。如：長(zhǎng)江長(zhǎng)6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilometres long． 3）表示"幾十歲"用序數(shù)詞，eg. 在他三十幾歲時(shí) in his thirties 4）倍數(shù)的表達(dá)：(一倍用once，兩倍用 twice，兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞＋times。如：5倍five times)。 例如：He is as tall a boy as I. He is a head taller than I . He is two years older than I China is four times as large as Europe. I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.) My books are twice as many as yours. China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.) I pay twice as much as it was worth. I pay twice as much for the house. 例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！ 1. _______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing xx Olympic. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a ______ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. / 3). --- Which is the smallest number of the four? --- _________. A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths 4). Please write down the new words in the text of _______. A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh 解析：1.基數(shù)詞hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具體數(shù)字時(shí)，它們后面不能加s,若這些詞后面有介詞of (幾百，成百上千) ，thousands of (幾千，數(shù)千個(gè))，millions of, billions of 前不可用數(shù)詞修飾。但可用many, some, several 等修飾。故選答案D. 2．答案： B。此題主要考查序數(shù)詞的運(yùn)用。 3．答案：C。此題主要考查英語(yǔ)中的分?jǐn)?shù)表示法。英語(yǔ)中表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子用基數(shù)詞，當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，表示分母的序數(shù)詞后要加s. 4．答案： A。 此題主要考查基數(shù)詞的編號(hào)。在通常情況下，名詞編號(hào)有這幾種表示法： 1。事物名詞+基數(shù)詞，且每個(gè)單詞的首字母都要大寫。如：Lesson Eleven；2。定冠詞+基數(shù)詞+事物名詞。如： No. 6 Middle School 練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績(jī)！ 選擇填空： 1. _______ of people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day. A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions 2. About _______ of the surface of the earth _______ covered with water. A. three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are 3. It will take _______ time to finish the work. A. one and a half years’ B. a year and half C. one and a half year’s D. a year and half’s 4．--- How long will your stay here ?、 ---For ________ . A. one and two day’s B. one and two day C. a day or two D. one or two day 5．When he moved to Germany in ______ , he was already in _______ . A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties; his sixties C. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixty 6．My brother lives in ______ on ______ floor. A. six Room ;second B. Room six ;the second C. Room six; two floor D. the room six ; the second 7．December is _______ month of the year. A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelve 8．This took place in the ______ . A. 1940 B. 1940s C. 1940es D. 1940th 9．It is only _____ from my home to the train station. A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutes ‘s walk D. ten minutes’ walk 10．There are ______ in this building , I live on ______. A. nine floors ,the ninth floor B. nine floor, the ninth floor C. nine floor , nine floors D.ninth floor,the ninth floor 11．The water behind the Three Gorges Dams (三峽大壩) should be ______ higher than downstream（ 下游）。 A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters 12. There are _______ days in a year. A. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty –five D. two hundreds and sixty-five 13. ---How many teachers are there in your school? --- __________. , but Im not sure. A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred 14. There are _________ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital. A. thousand B. two thousand C. two thousands D. two thousands of 15. --- Whats one fourth and a half, do you know? --- Yes, its _________. A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three D. three sixth 16. Now children, turn to page ________ and look at the _______ picture in Lesson Two. A. twentieth, one B. twenty, one C. twentieth, first D. twenty, first 17. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _______ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. / 18. December is the __________ month in year. A. twenty B. twelve C. twentieth D. twelfth 19. --- What is the date today? --- Its _________. A. Thursday B. June the sixteenth C. the best day D. June fifteen 20. She knows a lot about China as she has been to China ________. A. for the forth time B. four times C. a fourth time D. for four times 1-5 CCACA 6-10 BCBD 11-15 CCCDA 16 –20 DBDBB