【經(jīng)濟課件】第十一章 租船訂艙和裝船

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1、第十一章第十一章 租船訂艙和裝船租船訂艙和裝船班輪，又稱定期船或郵船，是按預定 的航行時間表，沿固定的航線，從事各基 本港口間貨物運輸?shù)拇啊?特點： 1.航線、港口、船期、運價比較固定 2.同一航線上的船型相似并保持一定的航班密度 3.運價內已包括裝卸費用 4.承托雙方的權利義務和責任豁免以簽發(fā)的提單條款為依據(jù) 承運人與托運人的責任劃分 承運人同托運人的責任和費用的劃分界限一般在船上吊桿所能達到的吊鉤底下，但風險的劃分一般以越過船舷為界。 承運人承運人最基本的義務是按合理的期限將貨物完整無損地運到指定地點，并交給收貨人。 托運人托運人最基本的義務是按約定的時間、品質和數(shù)量準備好托運的貨物，保

2、證船舶能夠連續(xù)作業(yè)，并及時支付有關費用。班輪工會：又稱航運工會，是由兩家以上在同一航線上經(jīng)營班輪運輸?shù)妮喆?，為維護共同利益，避免相互間的競爭，建立統(tǒng)一的運價和統(tǒng)一的制度所組成的國際航運壟斷組織。租船運輸?shù)幕咎攸c是：（1）航線、裝卸港口、船期均不固定，有關運輸條件、當事人的權利和義務經(jīng)貨主與船東洽商后須以租船合同的形式確定下來。（2）有關運價按市場供求變化進行調整。在某一地區(qū)，當船多貨少時，船舶供過于求，運價下跌，反之運價上升。 程租是船舶所有人按雙方事先議定的運價與條件向租船人提供船舶全部或部分艙位，在指定的港口間進行一個或多個航次運輸指定貨物的租船業(yè)務?？煞譃椋海ǎ﹩魏酱纬套?；（）來回

3、航次程租；（）連續(xù)航次租船；（）包運合同又稱大合同。 期租是船舶所有人把船出租給承租人使用一段時期的租船方式. 在這期限內，承運人可以利用船舶的運載能力來安排貨運。 光租是一種比較特殊的租船方式，也是按 一定的期限租船. 與期租不同的是:1.船東不提供船員2.光船交承租人使用，由租船人自行配備船員，負責船舶的經(jīng)營管理和各項事宜。3.在租賃期間，租船人實際上對船舶有著支配權和占有權。 租船合同又稱租約，是載有租船訂約雙方 權利和義務條款的一種運輸合同。程租合同的主要條款有：、合同當事人；、船名和船期；、貨物；、裝運港；、受載日和解約日；、運費；、裝卸費用的劃分；、許可裝卸時間；、滯期費和速遣費。

4、期租合同的主要條款有：、船舶說明；、期租；、交船；、租金；、停租與復租；、還船；、轉租。 外貿公司在加緊備貨的同時，也可以物色貨運代理人，以便將租船訂艙這一艱巨任務委托他代辦。 附件一租船定艙的貨運代理人租船定艙的貨運代理人 租船經(jīng)紀人:又稱租船代理 主要業(yè)務: 按照委托人（船東或租船人）的指示要求，在市場上為委托人尋找貨運對象或合適的運輸船舶，從中收取傭金。 除此之外，他們還向委托人提供航運市場行情、國際航運動態(tài)及其有關資料，斡旋于船東和租船人之間，為他們調解糾紛，以取得公平合理的解決。如果外貿公司出口的是大宗貨物，如糧谷、飼料、礦砂、煤炭、石油、化肥、木材及水泥等，或數(shù)量較大的件雜貨，那么

5、就可以采用租船運輸。 如果希望租用整條船，可以選用期租船或程租船；如貨物不足一整船，就不宜采用期租船，而可以選用程租船，只要與船東事先約定好，就可以租用一部分艙位。 租船訂艙的一般程序如下：租船訂艙的一般程序如下： 詢租是租船人根據(jù)貨運需要向租船經(jīng)紀人或直接向船東發(fā)出租船單，使對方了解租方有什么貨，需要什么船。 詢租內容要求簡明扼要，一般包括貨物名稱、種類、數(shù)量、裝運港、卸貨港、交貨期和對租船合同條款的特殊要求等。 報盤又稱發(fā)盤，租船單發(fā)出后，船東如有興趣，就可以提出租船合同的主要條款，并規(guī)定接受的期限，即為報盤。 是租船人還是船東誰先報盤并不一定，但通常都是船東首先報盤。 在租船過程中，報盤

6、后可能要經(jīng)過多次的還盤，就像交易磋商中的討價還價，一般總要經(jīng)過反復幾個回合才能達成一致。 還盤時，先要仔細審核對方報盤的全部內容，然后決定哪些條件可以接受，哪些不能接受，哪些需要修改或添加，還有哪些需要進一步明確。 租船人如果對報盤內容無保留地同意并按報盤所提出的要求將同意傳遞到報盤人，即為接受。 報盤時限屆滿后的接受，必須經(jīng)報盤人再確認才能生效。 附有條件的接受不是真正的接受，而是還盤。 程租合同的主要條款包括：貨物、裝卸港口、受載日和解約日、運費、裝卸費的劃分、許可裝卸時間、速遣費和滯期費等。 期租合同的主要條款有：船舶說明、使用范圍和航行區(qū)域、租期、交船和還船、租金、停租及轉租等。 Ch

7、apter 11 Shipment v Marine transportation business vFreight agentvCommon procedure of chartering a ship or booking space vThe procedure for booking spacev Relative documents liner ship businessship charter demise charter marine transportation business v o y a g e chartertime chartercharacteristics a

8、nd functionsobligations of consignment liner consortia characteristics of ship leasing ways of ship charteringcharter party Liner ship always has fixed course and schedule, and stops at some regular ports on the way. Ships on the same course have similar types and scheduled flight density. And the l

9、anding hire is included in the freight. The rights and obligations of both sides in the consignment are on the basis of the B/L. obligations of consignment obligations of consignment Liner carrier refers to the consignee who is in charge of providing ships in the contract. And shipper refers to the

10、consigner. Generally the division of obligations and expenses between carrier and shipper is under the tackle where steeve reaches. However, the division of risks is at the side of a ship. Before the commodity crosses the shipboard, the shipper bears all risks, and when it passes the shipboard, the

11、risks will be passed to the carrier. The carriers basic obligation is delivering commodities to its destination without any damage in time, and delivering goods to the consignee. The shipper bears the basic obligation of preparing good so that the ship can work continually, and pay the charges. Line

12、r consortia, orLiner consortia, or ship labor union, refers to a kind of international shipping cartels, which are made up of two or more ship companies. In order to protect their common profits and avoid competition, these companies set up uniform prices and managing systems. characteristics of shi

13、p leasing 1、it has no fixed courses、ports of loading and schedules 2、it has no fixed freight 3、the B/L is not a independent document. This kind of B/L will be restricted by contract 4、the harbor user fee、lading and unloading charges and demurrage will be calculated according to the regulation of cha

14、rter. 5、it is always used in bulk cargoes voyage charter It includes single voyage charter, return voyage charter and successive voyage charter. According to the route stipulated in the charter party, the ship owner is responsible for delivering the goods to the port of destination and for managing

15、the ship as well as bearing all expenses. time chartertime charter The charterer charters the ship for a period of time during which the ship is deployed and managed by the charter. During the period of chartering, the ship is managed, deployed and used by the charterer. A series of work, such as lo

16、ading, unloading, stowing and trimming and the so- caused fuel expenses, port expenses, loading and unloading expenses, etc., should be borne by the charterer. The shipper should bear the wages and board expenses of the crew, and be responsible for seaworthiness during the period of chartering and t

17、he so-caused expenses and the vessel insurance premium. demise charter it is also called bareboat charter, which belongs to time charter, but there are some differences: as to time charter, during the period of chartering, the ship owner provides the charterer with a crew, while to bareboat charter,

18、 the ship owner only provides the charterer wit a bareboat, the charterer shall employ the crew by himself. charter party The charter party is a contract concluded between the ship owner and the charterer when the latter charters the ship or booking space from the former. It stipulates the rights an

19、d obligations of the two parties. The main terms in the charter party include the interested parties, name and flag of the ship, description and quantity of the shipments, time of chartering, freight, loading and unloading expenses, time limit of loading and unloading, demurrage and dispatch money.

20、freight agentfreight agent When preparing goods, the import and export company may entrust an agent with the tough work of handling ship chartering or space booking. Chartering broker: Also called chartering agent Main business: According to instruction of client (ship owner or charter), looking for

21、 transportation target or suitable transportation boat for client at market, collect the commission from it. In addition, they also offer shipping market information, international shipping trends and relevant materials to the client, mediate to the ship owner and charter, mediate the dispute for th

22、em, in order to obtain fair and reasonable settlement. Common procedure of chartering a ship or booking space If the company exports goods in great quantities, it may choose the way of ship charting. If it wants the whole ship, the voyage charter or time charter may be a good choice. The common proc

23、edure includes inquisition, offer, counter-offer, acceptance and contract signing.5.contract1.inquiry2.offer3.counter offer 4.acceptance Common procedure of chartering a ship or booking space Inquiry is that charter according to the needs of transportation send inquiry to charter broker or ship owne

24、r directly, make the other side understand the goods and ship. The inquiry must brief and concise, including goods name, kind , quantity , port of shipment , unloading port , delivery date and special demand for contract terms ,etc. Offer is that after inquiry, if ship owner has interest, will ask f

25、or the main condition of charter contract and the deadline of acceptance. No matter who offer early, but usually is ship owner. In the course of chartering, will have many counter offers, just as bargaining, generally always have several round and could reach unanimity.When counter offer, need exami

26、ne the counter offer, determine which terms may be accepted, which cant accept, which needs revising or adding, which needs to be clear. Acceptance is that if the charter accept the offer without any modification, and tell the offerer that they accept. If the acceptance is after offer time limit, of

27、ferer must confirm to make it come into force. If the acceptance enclose condition, it is not the real acceptance , but a counter offer. The main clause of a voyage charter contract includes: Goods , load and unload port, accept loading day and terminating day , freight charges , division of the fee

28、 for loading and unloading, permission lay day , dispatch and demurrage charges ,etc. The main clause of a time charter contract includes: shipping states, the scope of application and sailing area, rental period, handing the ship and returning the ship , rent , off-hiring and subletting etc. 宎跪閍狗嗿惤

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