壓縮包內(nèi)含有CAD圖紙和說明書,均可直接下載獲得文件，所見所得，電腦查看更方便。Q 197216396 或 11970985
任務(wù)書
畢業(yè)生
姓名
專業(yè)
指導(dǎo)教師
姓名
類別
學(xué)號(hào)
班級(jí)
職稱
外聘、√本校
一、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目
飛輪殼的機(jī)械加工工藝及工裝設(shè)計(jì)
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)提供的原始數(shù)據(jù)資料
1、 箱體零件圖。
2、 箱體的技術(shù)條件。
3、 生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng) ：4000件
三、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)完成主要內(nèi)容：
1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書：
1、 制定飛輪殼的加工工藝規(guī)程及加工方法。
2、 加工飛輪殼夾具的設(shè)計(jì)。
3、 編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書。
4、 機(jī)械加工工序卡。
2、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)圖紙：
1、畫圖5 張（4張A0，1張A1+）。
2、箱體零件圖、加工飛輪殼的夾具圖、夾具零件等。
四、畢業(yè)生應(yīng)提交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)資料要求
1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書：
2、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)圖紙：
1、 機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程制定。
2、 機(jī)械加工工藝過程設(shè)計(jì)。
3、 工裝設(shè)計(jì)。
4、 零件設(shè)計(jì)。
五、設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度安排（從第五周起）
序號(hào)
時(shí)間
周次
設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)完成的內(nèi)容及質(zhì)量要求
1
3月31日~4月6日
第6周
收集 查詢 整理 有關(guān)的資料
2
第7周
總體方案研討,確定及草圖繪制
3
第8周
確定及草圖繪制
4
第9周
結(jié)構(gòu)理論計(jì)算
5
第10周
繪制夾具總圖的正式圖
6
第11周
夾具體裝配圖
7
第12周
繪制零件圖
8
第13周
繪制零件
9
第14周
繪制零件
10
第15周
打說明書
11
6月9日~6月15日
第16周
打印和裝訂
12
6月16日~6月22日
第17周
教師評(píng)閱和開始答辯
六、主要參考文獻(xiàn)資料
1、工具書：
機(jī)械加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)手冊
機(jī)械加工工藝裝備設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)手冊
機(jī)械零件設(shè)計(jì)手冊
2、參考資料：
七、簽字欄
簽 字 欄
畢業(yè)生
姓名
專業(yè)
班級(jí)
要求設(shè)計(jì)工作起止日期
20xx年03月10日~~~20xx年05月11日
教師審核
指導(dǎo)教師（簽字）
日期
20xx年 月 日
教研室主任審查（簽字）
日期
20xx年 月 日
系主任批準(zhǔn)（簽字）
日期
20xx年 月 日
中英文資料（一） RP&M
1. What is RP&M
Manufacturing community is facing two important challenging tasks:
(1)substantial reduction of product development time; and （2） improvement on flexibility for manufacturing small batch size products and a variety of types of products. Computer-aided design and manufacturing（CAD and CAM） have significantly improved the traditional production design and manufacturing. However, there are a number of obstacles in true integration of computer-aided design with computer-aided manufacturing for rapid development of new products. Although substantial research has been done in the past for computer-aided design and manufacturing integration, such as feature recognition, CNC programming and process planning, the gap between CAD and CAM remains unfilled in the following aspects:
·rapid creation of 3-D models and prototypes.
·cost-effective production of patterns and moulds with complex surfaces.
To substantially shorten the time for developing patterns, moulds, and prototypes, some manufacturing enterprises have started to use rapid prototyping（RP）methods for complex patterns making and component prototyping. Over the past few years, a variety of new rapid manufacturing technologies, generally called Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing（RP&M）, have emerged; the technologies developed include Stereolithography（SL）, Selective Laser Sintering（SLS）, Fused Deposition Modeling（FDM）, Laminated Object Manufacturing（LOM）, and Three Dimensional Printing（3-D Printing）. These technologies are capable of directly generating physical objects from CAD databases. They have a common important feature: the prototype part is produced by adding materials rather than removing materials, that is, a part is first modeled by a geometric modeler such as a solid modeler and then is mathematically sectioned（sliced）into a series of parallel cross-section pieces. For each piece, the curing or binding paths are generated. These curing or binding paths are directly used to instruct the machine for producing the part by solidifying or binding a line of material. After a layer is built, a new layer is built on the previous one in the same way. Thus , the model is built layer by layer from the bottom to top. In summary, the rapid prototyping activities consist of two parts: data preparation and model production.
2.The history of RP&M
As usual with invention, one individual’s impatience was the prototyping industry, now barely a decade old. Its father, Charles W Hull, 58 , still works as vice chairman and chief technology officer at the RP company he helped found in 1986, 3D Systems of Valencia, Calif. As an engineer, Hull had always been bothered by the long time it took to make prototype models of plastic. They had to be machined by hand, he recalls. If more than one was needed, generally the case in industry, molds for making plastic prototypes had to be individually machined.
The building blocks of a better system were lying around. Hull had been working for a small company that used ultraviolet lamps to substitute a laser for an ultraviolet lamp. “But taking that insight to a practical machine came slowly,” Hull recalls, and required several years of Edison-style inspiration. （In fact, a prototyping machine based on conventional UV light was developed in 1998 by The Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China）.
The results was the first prototyping machine, introduced by 3-D Systems in 1987. It could fabricate small, transparent plastic parts from CAD drawings in hours or at most days. The machine builds the model in layers, from the bottom up. A laser, which causes molecules of a photosensitive liquid resin to polymerize, scans above a vessel filled with the resin. The laser first traces the outline of a layer on the resin’s surface. Next, like an artist shading a panel in a pencil drawing, the beam crisscrosses the whole outlined area to harden it. Then the platform holding the model sinks so the layer is barely awash in liquid resin, the laser goes to work solidifying another layer atop it, and so on. When the translucent object is done, it is raised from the vat, dripping like a mermaid just emerged from the sea.
Hull dubbed the process stereolithography, and it still dominates RP. The resins were, and still are very expensive: A gallon of acrylic blends of photo-curable liquids fetches about $750. But so great is industry’s hunger for prototypes, in an era when the pool of high-paid artisans who can make them by hand is shrinking and time to market is king, that designers were glad to get the first RP machines at any price. 3-D Systems has grown to an $80-million-a-year public company that’s still No.1 in the field by far.
Before long other inventors jumped in. Michael Feygin, an immigrant Russian engineer, hit on the idea of building prototypes from inexpensive slices of paper. His company, Helisys of Torrance, Calif., makes remarkably sturdy objects by a process called laminated-object manufacturing（LOM）.A blue CO2 laser traces each layer by burning, moving like a crazed ice dancer carving a turn here, a straight line there. Successive layers are bonded by adhesive. Helisys, whose machines have modeled auto steering wheels, bumpers, and other shapes that feel like wood to the touch, is a 12-million-a-year public company.
Meanwhile, a group of MIT inventors led by Emanuel Sachs, a slender, unassuming professor of mechanical engineering, chafed at the RP industry’s inability to make prototype, as well as molds and production parts, from ceramics and metal. The early RP machines could make a metal prototype only in a roundabout way. First a plastic model had to be “invested”, or clad in a heat-resistant material such as a ceramic. Then the model was “sacrificed” by melting, just as the ancient Egyptians melted a wax model inside a mold to clear the way for a bronze casting. This leaves a mold suitable for making a metal or plastic prototype.
Why not skip that stage, Sachs asked, and make sturdy parts directly from CAD designs? He and his 30-person shop at MIT have become the leaders in a branch of RP based on the same technique enabling computer printers to produce documents by squirting ink through jets. Instead of ink, MIT’s RP machines squirt a binder on layers of powdered steel, ceramics, or even starch that are spread by rollers.
The machines to which Sachs’ idea has given birth, called 3-D printers, are fairly inexpensive by RP standards, with low-end versions in the $50,000 range. The bigger 3-D printers are only now realizing Sachs’ goal of making commercially usable metal objects and molds directly from CAD designs. Soligen, a Northridge, Calif., company founded in 1992 by expatriate Israeli engineer Yehoram Uzirl, has developed, under license from MIT, the ink-jet machine Specific Surface employed to make those ceramic filters. On its machines, Soligen also makes ceramic molds, directly from CAD drawings, suitable for casting metal automotive parts that are as strong as those used in commercial products and suitable for testing and small production runs.
Soligen’s process still has limitations. The ceramic molds are made in one piece and can only be used once, since they must be destroyed to get at the part. But Soligen can make lots of molds quickly as needed. Many RP users, eager to go further, want rapidly made molds that can be used over and over for mass production. That would shrink the manufacturing middle some more, bypassing a conventional process in which a long-lasting mold is carefully carved out of a block of high-grade steel with CNC and other machines, then painstakingly finished by hand, a process that can take months.
Quickly made reusable molds, which put RP squarely in rapid-manufacturing territory, have started to appear. When Rubbermaid Office Products of Maryville, Tenn., got an urgent order in 1996 from Staples, the office-products chain, for a small plastic stand that holds sheets of paper vertically, Rubbermaid went to an RP service bureau in Dallas that had a machine made by DTM of Austin, Texas. The ten-year-old company, whose initials stand for “desk top manufacturing,” has developed a sintering process in which loosely compacted plastic are heated by a laser to combine with powdered steel, layer after layer, into a solid mass.
The DTM machine speedily produced a metal mold from which Rubbermaid was able to make more than 30,000 plastic stands for staples, priced at $3. Says Geoff Smith-Moritz, editor of the newsletter Rapid Prototyping Report in San Didgo:“ Though not very impressive looking, this product is a pioneer. More and more molds are being made this way.”
In its purest form, rapid manufacturing would eliminate molds: Machines would fabricate products directly from CAD designs. Extrude Hone, a company in Irwin, Pa., is getting ready to market a machine, based on MIT’s ink-jet technology, that will make not only metal molds but also salable metal parts. In Extrude Hone’s machine, powdered steel is hardened with a binder and infiltrated with bronze powder to create a material that is 100% metal.
Powerful new laser may also open doors to direct manufacturing. Such laser systems are being explored at national laboratories such as Sandia and Los Alamos, as well as at the University of Michigan, Penn State, and elsewhere. They may soon be available commercially. In the Sandia system, a 1,000-watt neodymium YAG（yttrium-aluminum-gallium）laser melts powdered materials such as stainless and tool steels, magnetic alloys, nickel-based superalloys, titanium, and tungsten in layers to produce the final part. The process is slow: three hours to make a one-cubic-inch object. But the part is just as metallically dense as one made by conventional means. Sandia vic president Robert J. Eagan says the lab’s researchers hope to see the process used to make replacement parts for the military’s stored nuclear weapons. Commercial interest is high too. Ten companies, including AlliedSignal and Lockheed Martin, are participating in the program. Another 20 companies support research at Penn State, where the goal is to make big objects, such as tank turrets and portions of airplanes, as a single part.
Some experts look to a manufacturing future extensively liberated from today’s noisy, hot routines. Instead of molds and machine tools, these visionaries foresee rows of lasers building parts, 3-D printers fashioning convoluted shaped no CNC machine can carve, and silent ceramic partsmakers replacing the traditional noisy factory din. Many products turned out in future factories could be designed to take advantage of rapid-manufacturing techniques. Implantable drug-release devices, with medicine sealed in, could be made in a single operation, since 3-D printers can make a sandwich-like product.
Manufacturing pioneers find such possibilities intoxicating.“We could have naval ships carry not an inventory of parts but their images digitized on a 3.5-inch diskette, plus a bag of powdered metal and a rapid manufacturing machine,”says 3-M’s Marge Hartfel.Adds Brock Hinzmann, director of technology assessment at SRI International:“In two or three years rapid manufacturing will be on everybody’s lips.”In the meantime, the feats of fast prototyping are giving the factory folks plenty to talk about.
3. Current application areas of RP&M
Although RP&M technologies are still at their early stage, a large number of industrial companies such as Texas Instruments, Inc., Chrysler Corporation, Amp Inc. and Ford Motor Co. have benefited from applying the technologies to improve their product development in the following three aspects.
（1）Design engineering
1)Visualization. Conceptual models are very important in product design. Designers use CAD to generate computer representations of their design concepts. However, no matter how well engineers can interpret blue prints and how excellent CAD images of complex objects are, it is still very difficult to visualize exactly what the actual complex products will look like. Some errors may still escape from the review of engineers and designers. The touch of the physical objects can reveal unanticipated problems and sometimes spark a better design. With RP&M, the prototype of a complex part can be built in short time, therefore engineers can evaluate a design very quickly.
2)Verification and optimization. Improving product quality is always a important issue of manufacturing. With the traditional method, developing of prototypes to validate or optimize a design is often time consuming and costly. In contrast, an RP&M prototype can be produced quickly without substantial tooling and labour cost. Consequently, the verification of design concepts becomes simple: the product quality can be improved within the limited time frame and with affordable cost.
3)Iteration. Just like the automotive industry, manufacturers often put new product models into market. With RPA&M technology, it is possible to go through multiple design iterations within a short time and substantially reduce the model development time.
快速原型制造和制造業(yè)
1、RP&M是什么了呢？
制造業(yè)團(tuán)體面臨著兩項(xiàng)重要的富有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)：
(1) 大量的減少了產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)時(shí)間； (2)提高了制造小批量產(chǎn)品和各種各樣類型的產(chǎn)品的制造業(yè)的靈活性。 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和制造業(yè)(CAD和CAM)顯著改進(jìn)了傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)和制造業(yè)。然而，為新產(chǎn)品的迅速發(fā)展，對于確切地整合計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算機(jī)輔助生產(chǎn)，有許多的障礙。盡管在過去對計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和制造業(yè)整合進(jìn)行了大量的研究，例如特征識(shí)別，CNC編程和處理計(jì)劃，CAD和CAM之間的空白在以下方面依然是未填充：
·三維模型和原型的迅速創(chuàng)作。
·有復(fù)雜表面的樣式和模子的有效成本的生產(chǎn)。
極大地縮短了為開發(fā)樣式，模具和原型的時(shí)間，一些制造業(yè)企業(yè)開始使用快速的原型機(jī)制造方法用于制作復(fù)雜的樣式做和原型機(jī)制造組件。在過去幾年里，各種各樣的新的快速的制造業(yè)技術(shù)，一般被稱作快速原型制造和制造業(yè)（RP&M）已經(jīng)形成了；被開發(fā)的技術(shù)包括立體平版印刷術(shù)(SL)，有選擇性的激光焊接(SLS)，被熔化的沉積物塑造(FDM)，分層物體的制造業(yè)(LOM)和三維空間打印(三維打印)。這些技術(shù)具有直接地從CAD數(shù)據(jù)庫中生成實(shí)體的能力。他們有一個(gè)共同的重要特點(diǎn)：原型機(jī)零件是通過增加材料而不是取消材料來生產(chǎn)的，即，零件首先要被制成幾何學(xué)的模型，然后被劃分成(切成)一系列的平行的短剖面片斷。對于每個(gè)片斷，都要就行紅外線固化或是裝訂路徑。這些紅外線固化或裝訂路徑通過凝固或是綁定一系列的材料直接地被用來指導(dǎo)生產(chǎn)零部件的機(jī)器。在層數(shù)被建立之后，新的層數(shù)將會(huì)以相同的方式早先被建立。 因此，模型是被從底部到頂端一層一層地建立?？傊?，快速的原型機(jī)制作活動(dòng)包括兩部分：數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備和模型生產(chǎn)。
2、快速原型制造和制造業(yè)（RP&M）的歷史
像平常一樣的發(fā)明，一個(gè)人的不耐煩是原型制造產(chǎn)業(yè)，現(xiàn)在僅僅十年的樣子。其父親，查爾斯瓦特赫爾，58歲，仍是工程副委員長和技術(shù)總監(jiān)，在1986年幫助他發(fā)現(xiàn)了RP公司，加利福尼亞3D巴倫西亞系統(tǒng)。 作為工程師，赫爾很懊惱因?yàn)樗撕荛L時(shí)間用塑料來制作原型機(jī)的模型。他們必須親自加工，他回憶說。 如果有一個(gè)以上的需要，一般情況下在企業(yè)里的情況是，做塑料原型的模子必須單獨(dú)地用機(jī)器制造。
在四周矗立一個(gè)更好的系統(tǒng)的建筑群。赫爾一直致力于為一家小公司而工作，這家小公司過去常常使用紫外光燈替代紫外激光燈。“但是這種做法對于了解一個(gè)實(shí)用機(jī)器變得很緩慢，”赫爾回憶道，并且需要幾年愛迪生式的啟發(fā)。(實(shí)際上，在1998年基于常規(guī)紫外光的原型制造機(jī)已經(jīng)形成了，這是由中國西安交通大學(xué)先進(jìn)的制造業(yè)技術(shù)研究院主導(dǎo)的。)
結(jié)果是第一個(gè)原型制造機(jī)器，在1987年引進(jìn)了三維系統(tǒng)。 它可以示在幾小時(shí)或好幾天的時(shí)間里用CAD畫圖，制造出小的、透明的塑料部分。機(jī)器在層上建立模型，從下到上。激光，可以造成光敏液體樹脂分子聚合，并且在充滿樹脂的容器之上掃描。 接著，它可以像一個(gè)藝術(shù)家一樣用素描在面板上留下底紋，射線在整個(gè)大致的區(qū)域交叉往來以使它硬化。然后讓這個(gè)平臺(tái)將模型沉下去，因此有著層數(shù)的平臺(tái)是幾乎不可能充滿液體樹脂的，激光繼續(xù)起作用在它上面去另一層工變硬，等等。當(dāng)半透亮的物體形成時(shí)，水滴就像是從海底涌現(xiàn)出來的美人魚一樣。
赫爾復(fù)制了立體平版印刷術(shù)的過程，并且它仍然控制著RP。樹脂仍然是非常昂貴的：一加侖的丙烯酸酯用可醫(yī)治的液體的混合可售得大約750美元。但更重要的是企業(yè)對原型制造機(jī)的渴求，在這樣一個(gè)時(shí)代里，有著大量的高薪酬的能工巧匠們正在減少，上市的時(shí)間是很寶貴，設(shè)計(jì)師們很高興得到第一個(gè)RP機(jī)器的以所有價(jià)格。 三維系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成長為每年都有八千萬股票公開的上市公司，這個(gè)公司在將來在它所屬的領(lǐng)域仍然會(huì)是第一位的。
不久以后其他發(fā)明者開始跳槽。邁克爾Feygin，一位移民的俄國工程師，偶然間有了這么一個(gè)用低廉的切片紙建立原型機(jī)的想法。他的公司，托蘭斯Helisys，位于加利福尼亞，靠被稱作是碾壓對象生產(chǎn)(LOM)的程序取得了顯著的成果。藍(lán)色二氧化碳激光器通過燃燒、移動(dòng)追蹤著每個(gè)層數(shù)，像一位在這里雕刻輪的瘋狂的冰上舞蹈家一樣，像那里的一條直線。連續(xù)層數(shù)由膠粘劑結(jié)合。Helisys，它的機(jī)器已經(jīng)形成了自動(dòng)方向盤、防撞器和感覺觸摸起來像木頭一樣的其他形狀的模型，是每年都有1200萬公開股票的上市公司。
同時(shí)，這個(gè)MIT發(fā)明者的小組是由Emanuel ? Sachs領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的，他是一位身材勻稱的，不擺架子的機(jī)械工程教授，對于RP產(chǎn)業(yè)從陶瓷和金屬起，就沒有能力做原型制造機(jī)以及模子和生產(chǎn)零件，他甚是憤怒。早期的RP機(jī)器只能用一種環(huán)形交叉的方式來做一個(gè)金屬原型制造機(jī)。首先塑料模型必須“被投資”或者像陶瓷一樣用一種耐熱材料來覆蓋。然后模型通過熔化就“犧牲”了，就像古埃及人在模子里面熔化蠟?zāi)橐粋€(gè)古銅色鑄件掃清道路。這種遺留下來的很適合做金屬或塑料原型制造機(jī)。
為什么沒有跳躍那個(gè)階段，塞克斯問道，并且直接地由CAD設(shè)計(jì)做出實(shí)用性的零件？他和他的在MIT里銷售的30個(gè)人成為了RP分支里的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，其根據(jù)相同的技術(shù)使計(jì)算機(jī)打印機(jī)通過噴氣機(jī)噴射墨水來打印文件。而不是墨水，MIT的RP機(jī)器在噴一種研成粉的鋼、陶瓷，甚至淀粉的層數(shù)的黏合劑。
三維打印機(jī)的機(jī)器誕生了，這種機(jī)器是采用相當(dāng)?shù)土腞P標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以終端版本是在$50,000的范圍內(nèi)。更大的三維打印機(jī)現(xiàn)在可以明確地實(shí)現(xiàn)塞克斯的目標(biāo)，只能用做商業(yè)用的直接地由CAD設(shè)計(jì)出來的金屬實(shí)體和模型。Soligen， 諾斯里奇，加利福尼亞，公司始建于1992年，是由移居國外的以色列工程師Yehoram Uzirl創(chuàng)立的，在根據(jù)MIT的特許下已經(jīng)開發(fā)了噴墨打印，個(gè)別機(jī)器的表面用來做那些陶瓷過濾器。使用它的機(jī)器，Soligen直接地由CAD畫圖做出了陶瓷模型，適合于像那些用于商用的產(chǎn)品一樣堅(jiān)硬的鑄件的金屬汽車零件和適合于為測試和小生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行。
Soligen的過程仍然有限制。因?yàn)楸仨殮乃麄儷@取零部件，陶瓷模子被做成一整件，并且僅能使用一次。但Soligen能夠按照需要迅速地做出全部模子。許多RP用戶，渴望走的更遠(yuǎn)，想要可以為大量生產(chǎn)多次使用的迅速地被制作的模子。那將收縮制造業(yè)中部有些，繞過一個(gè)個(gè)常規(guī)過程，持久模子用CNC和其他機(jī)器精心地雕刻在高等級(jí)鋼外面塊，然后用手費(fèi)力地完成，過程可能需要幾個(gè)月。
迅速被制作的可再用的模子，將RP直接地投入到了快速制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域，已經(jīng)開始出現(xiàn)。當(dāng)馬利維樂博美辦公用品，田納西州，在1996年從史泰博得到了主要的訂單，這是一家辦公室產(chǎn)品連鎖店，對于一家小型的塑料展臺(tái)它可以直接地保存大量的材料， 樂博美有克薩斯奧斯汀的DTM制造的機(jī)器，去達(dá)拉斯的一個(gè)RP服務(wù)處。十年的老公司，最初代表“桌面制造業(yè)”，開發(fā)了焊接過程，松散地用激光器加熱將研成粉的鋼組合從而變緊密塑料，逐層地加固。
DTM機(jī)器迅速地生產(chǎn)了一個(gè)金屬模子，樂博美能使用原料做超過30,000個(gè)塑料展臺(tái)的，定價(jià)在3美元。杰夫.史密斯.莫里茲，他是圣Didgo的一位做迅速成型制造機(jī)報(bào)告的時(shí)事通訊編輯，他說：“雖然看起來印象不非常深刻，但是這種產(chǎn)品是先驅(qū)。 越來越多的模子被用這種方式來制作”。
以它最抽象的形式，迅速制造業(yè)將剔除模子：機(jī)器將能使用CAD設(shè)計(jì)來直接地制造產(chǎn)品。Extrude Hone，是一家巴拿馬歐文的公司，將準(zhǔn)備好基于MIT的噴墨機(jī)技術(shù)來銷售機(jī)器，將不僅做金屬模子，而且也做暢銷的金屬零件。在Extrude Hone的機(jī)器中，研成粉的鋼將會(huì)用夾器和滲入粉末狀的青銅來使其變硬，創(chuàng)造出100%金屬的材料。
強(qiáng)有力的新的激光器也許為直接制造業(yè)敞開著大門。這種激光器系統(tǒng)在像桑迪亞和洛斯阿拉莫斯的國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室里被探索著，除了在賓西法尼亞州的密歇根大學(xué)外，還有其他地方。他們也許很快就會(huì)在商業(yè)上適用。 在桑迪亞系統(tǒng)中， 1,000瓦特釹YAG (釔鋁鎵) 激光器融解在層里熔接粉末狀的材料例如不銹和工具鋼、磁性合金、基于鎳的超耐熱不銹鋼、鈦和鎢，目的是為了生產(chǎn)最后的零部件。過程是很緩慢的：做一立方體英寸的物體需要三個(gè)小時(shí)。但零件通過常規(guī)手段做的很密實(shí)。桑迪亞副總裁羅伯特J. 愛德華說實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究員希望看到這么一個(gè)過程用為軍事目的而被存放的核武器的替代品。商業(yè)利益也是很高的。十家公司，包括聯(lián)信公司和洛克希德馬丁公司，都參與到了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目里來了。另外20家公司也支持在賓夕法尼亞州得研究，目標(biāo)是做大物體，例如坦克的塔樓和飛機(jī)的部件，作為單件。
有些專家看到從今天喧鬧的，熱的常規(guī)性工作中解放出來的制造業(yè)的更加廣泛的未來。而不是模子和機(jī)床，這些有遠(yuǎn)見者預(yù)見激光器的建筑零部件，三維打印機(jī)的回旋收放針，CNC機(jī)器的雕刻成形的，安靜的陶瓷部件制造廠將會(huì)替換傳統(tǒng)喧鬧的工廠。利用迅速制造業(yè)技術(shù)，許多產(chǎn)品在未來工廠中被證明是能夠被設(shè)計(jì)的。因?yàn)槿S打印機(jī)可能做像三明治一樣的產(chǎn)品，可植入釋放藥物的設(shè)備，當(dāng)醫(yī)學(xué)被密封，可能做在一次簡單的操作。
制造業(yè)先驅(qū)們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種可能性很令人陶醉。“我們可能安排軍艦運(yùn)載不僅僅是零件，還可以是他們3.5英寸磁盤數(shù)字化的影像，加上大量的粉末狀的金屬和快速的制造業(yè)機(jī)器”， 3M的Marge Hartfel.Adds Brock Hinzmann， SRI國際技術(shù)評(píng)估的主任，他說：“在兩三年內(nèi)迅速制造業(yè)將是在大家經(jīng)常談?wù)摰氖虑椤！蓖瑫r(shí)，快速成型機(jī)的壯舉將會(huì)給予給工廠伙計(jì)們豐足談?wù)摗?
3、當(dāng)今RP&M的適用領(lǐng)域
盡管RP&M技術(shù)還仍然處于早期階段，但是大多數(shù)的工業(yè)公司諸如德洲儀器公司，克萊斯勒公司， 安普公司和福特汽車公司已經(jīng)受益于申請技術(shù)改進(jìn)他們的產(chǎn)品開發(fā)，主要表現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面
（1）工程設(shè)計(jì)
1）可視化。概念型的模型在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)中是非常重要的。設(shè)計(jì)師使用CAD來使他們的設(shè)計(jì)觀念在計(jì)算機(jī)中表示。然而，無論好的工程師怎么解釋藍(lán)圖打印方案及復(fù)雜的實(shí)體是多么好的CAD圖象，將看起來實(shí)際復(fù)雜的產(chǎn)品確切地形象化仍然是非常難的。有些錯(cuò)誤也許在工程師和設(shè)計(jì)師的檢查過程中仍然會(huì)漏掉。對實(shí)體的接觸可能會(huì)顯露意外的問題和有時(shí)會(huì)激發(fā)一個(gè)更好的設(shè)計(jì)。由于有了RP&M，某種復(fù)雜部件的原型制造可以在很短的時(shí)間里建立，所以工程師們也就可以非常迅速的評(píng)估一項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)。
2）檢驗(yàn)和優(yōu)化。提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量一直以來都是制造業(yè)中的一項(xiàng)重要的課題。與傳統(tǒng)的方法相比，確認(rèn)或者是優(yōu)化一項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)的原型機(jī)的發(fā)展通常是很耗時(shí)并成本挺高的。相比之下，這種RP&M的成型機(jī)可以在沒有充足的工具和勞動(dòng)力成本下快速的生產(chǎn)。結(jié)果是，設(shè)計(jì)概念的檢驗(yàn)變得很簡單：產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量在有限的時(shí)間框架和可以支付的成本條件下得到了提高。
3)循環(huán)。就像自動(dòng)化工業(yè)一樣，制造商們通常會(huì)把新產(chǎn)品模型推向市場。由于有了RPA&M技術(shù)，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行多次的設(shè)計(jì)循環(huán)并且大量的減少模型的研發(fā)時(shí)間成為可能。