臥式雙面擴孔組合機床電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計

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西安航空職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文1核準(zhǔn)通過，歸檔資料。未經(jīng)允許，請勿外傳！臥式雙面擴孔組合機床電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計摘 要組合機床及其自動線是集機電于一體的綜合自動化程度較高的制造技術(shù)和成套工藝裝備。它的特征是高效、高質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟實用，因而被廣泛應(yīng)用于工程機械、交通、能源、軍工、輕工、家電等行業(yè)。我國傳統(tǒng)的組合機床及組合機床自動線主要采用機、電、氣、液壓控制，它的加工對象主要是生產(chǎn)批量比較大的大中型箱體類和軸類零件，完成鉆孔、擴孔、鉸孔，加工各種螺紋、鏜孔、車端面和凸臺，在孔內(nèi)鏜各種形狀槽，以及銑削平面和成形面等。隨著技術(shù)的不斷進步，一種新型的組合機床——柔性組合機床越來越受到人們的青睞，它應(yīng)用多位主軸箱、可換主軸箱、編碼隨行夾具和刀具的自動更換，配以可編程序控制器（PLC） 、數(shù)字控制（NC）等，能任意改變工作循環(huán)控制和驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)，并能靈活適應(yīng)多品種加工的可調(diào)可變的組合機床。 本文對可編程序控制器（PLC）應(yīng)用于雙面擴孔組合機床電氣控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計思想作了介紹。對系統(tǒng)的硬件組成和軟件設(shè)計作了較為詳細的闡述。關(guān)鍵詞：可編程控制器（PLC）,組合機床, 步進梯形指令(STL)，動力滑臺。9JWKffwvG#tYM*Jg編程聯(lián)網(wǎng)[M]. 北京：中國勞動出版社，1998.52～81[13] 皺金惠 .可編程控制器（PLC ）原理及應(yīng)用[M]. 昆明：云南科技出版社，2001：36～65ag an employment tribunal clai Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you don't agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven't appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are 西安航空職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文27complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can't charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.you're clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.“I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure,“ he told BBC Sport.“For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.“Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the “racist behaviour of their fans“ during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were “surprised and disappointed“ by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: “We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.“Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺得自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn't really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think don't want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can't remember his appearance.童年時，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點，但畢業(yè)晚會的時候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。A person's time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that haven't start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計劃……那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm -- winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesn’t exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we can’t hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活發(fā)生不幸時，我們常常會關(guān)上心門；世界不僅沒能慰藉我們，反倒使我們更加消沉。我們假裝一切仿佛都不曾發(fā)生，以此試圖忘卻傷痛，可就算隱藏得再好，最終也還是騙不了自己。既然如此，何不嘗試打開心門，擁抱生活中的各種可能，讓世界感化我們呢？西安航空職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文28Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.當(dāng)恐懼與焦慮來襲時，我們應(yīng)該退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六個方法有助于你更完滿透徹地敞開心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness that’s unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion that’s fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.當(dāng)生活中出現(xiàn)痛苦的事情時，別再逃跑或隱藏痛苦，試著擁抱它吧；當(dāng)悲傷來襲時，試著深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我們一味逃避生活中的悲傷，悲傷只會變得更強烈更真實 ——悲傷原本只是稍縱即逝的情緒，我們卻固執(zhí)地耿耿于懷By utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能減緩我們的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滯；呼出呼吸，更多新奇與經(jīng)歷又將拉開序幕。2. Embrace the uncomfortable We all know what that twinge of anxiety feels like. We know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. We can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.我們都經(jīng)歷過焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受過恐懼造成的生理反應(yīng)：脖子僵硬、胃酸翻騰。其實，我們有能力面對這些痛苦的感受，從中領(lǐng)悟到出路。The initial impulse is to run away — to try and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. When we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. The next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. Act in spite of the fear.我們的第一反應(yīng)總是逃避 ——以為否認(rèn)不安情緒的存在就能萬事大吉，可這也恰好妨礙了我們經(jīng)歷最需要的生活體驗。下次感到不安時，不管有多害怕，也請試著勇敢面對吧。3. Ask your heart what it wants 傾聽內(nèi)心 We’re often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. Instead of always taking this approach, what if we engaged a new part of ourselves that isn’t usually involved in the decision making process?我們常對未來猶疑不定，反復(fù)考慮利弊直到身心俱疲。與其一味顧慮重重，不如從局外人的角度看待決策之事。From: http://www.hxen.com/englisharticle/yingyumeiwen/2013-08-06/227968.htmlThe supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he'll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound -- 690 mph (1,110 kph) -- in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it's not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters). In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it won't. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there內(nèi)容珍貴，資料來源真實可靠！你所謂的迷茫，說到底，就是懶！你說，你很迷茫，對未來有那么多不確定，看不到希望，不敢輕舉妄動。我說，別找借口，你無非是懶得行動罷了。少年，別總把你的懶惰說得那么漂亮……少年不識愁滋味，愛上層樓，愛上層樓，為賦新詞強說愁。這可以理解成為矯情，也可以深層次的理解成所謂的迷茫。西安航空職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文29記住，無論是青春還是年華，一旦和迷茫扯上關(guān)系，接下來，坐以待斃，甘心平庸，就會成為主旋律，如病毒一樣侵襲每個人。我給大家說一個真實的故事：大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，步入社會，走入職場，順理成章。有一天，一個朋友給我打電話，講述著自己的困惑，對未來的迷茫。大概的內(nèi)容總結(jié)起來是這樣的；第一；在單位沒有存在感，工作乏味，賺錢不多。第二；不是很喜歡這個職位，和自己的專業(yè)不對口，沒有那么多興趣愛好。第三；每天工作內(nèi)容是不少，但都是細如牛毛的小事，沒什么意義。第四；覺得領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是難為自己，他們也沒有什么真才實學(xué)。說實話，我聽的有點累，但我還是耐心的聽到最后，給出真心實意的建議。那就是；別扯迷茫，你就是懶，說到底。這也許是許多人嘴里所謂的迷茫，那我倒是想問一問；工作，你真的用心做了嗎？你說你不喜歡它，你興趣愛好不在于此，但是，為什么一開始你選擇了？選擇了剛起步你就退縮了？你堅持過嗎？你到底能堅持什么？你說工作事情小，你又可以做多少大事呢？小事也沒做好，甚至不西安航空職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文30愿意去做，還不就是給懶惰找借口嗎？我真的很難發(fā)現(xiàn)，什么是你付出卻沒有一點回報的？你不說自己的懶散，給自己講理由，你如果真可以，那么領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的位置就是你的了，不是嗎？我知道；你們說的迷茫，是對不可控的未來，見不到希望的未來，看不到方向的未來，可是，說到底，還是未來，你腳踏實地的看當(dāng)下了嗎？很多人都在講選擇比努力還重要，你千萬別信，最大的謊言莫過于此。選擇，你沒有站在一個制高點，選擇不就是瞎蒙嗎？但是，你只要不懶散，去努力，還是有所實踐的，摸索中前進。心里想的，明明是“不想做，不愿做” ，嘴上卻說的理直氣壯?！安幌矚g” ，不過就是你不努力的借口， “迷茫”就是你逃避的理由。這讓我想起了學(xué)生時代，考試前，覺得通不過，我好迷茫。感情談不明白，我好迷茫。同學(xué)關(guān)系，處理不好，我好迷茫。幾乎所有的不順心，所有事一旦遇到溝溝坎坎，就他媽迷茫，唉聲嘆氣是標(biāo)配，更可怕是動不動找人傾述。回頭想想，都覺得可笑至極，還不要臉的說，那就是青春的味道，狗屁。你想過，為什么你的迷茫那么頻繁嗎？你為什么落后于別人嗎？你自認(rèn)為是不喜歡讀書，討厭考試，那不能說明自己的才學(xué)和能力，