山東省冠縣武訓(xùn)高級(jí)中學(xué)高三英語 語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 構(gòu)詞法課件

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1、構(gòu)詞法 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)( (見書見書P245)P245) 熟讀深思熟讀深思 John and his father never agree on one thing, so they often disapprove1of each other, for there was some misunderstanding2 between them. Once, John and his parents went to his aunts home for dinner. When they left after dinner, John said “Bye-bye!” to his aunt

2、in a low voice. However, his father didnt hear it and he thought John misbehaved3 himself for it was impolite4to leave without saying goodbye. John insisted that he did say it, but his father didnt listen to him. From then on, John was unfriendly5 to his father, which made his father extremely unhap

3、py6. Undoubtedly7, it is unwise 8of John to do so. After all, they are father and son. His father sent him to a class of manners to enrich9 his knowledge of manners, which his father believed would enable10him to be a good-mannered boy. Johns father said he was angry at his sons dishonesty11, which

4、would certainly endanger12 his future. His fathers nonstop13nonsense caused John much discomfort14. John had to go to the class. Later on, he did everything against his fathers will. 漢語譯文：漢語譯文：約翰和父親總有分歧，所以他們經(jīng)常不約翰和父親總有分歧，所以他們經(jīng)常不贊同對(duì)方的想法，因?yàn)樗麄冎g有一些誤會(huì)。一次，約贊同對(duì)方的想法，因?yàn)樗麄冎g有一些誤會(huì)。一次，約翰和父母去姑姑家吃飯。晚飯后當(dāng)他們離開時(shí)，約翰小翰

5、和父母去姑姑家吃飯。晚飯后當(dāng)他們離開時(shí)，約翰小聲對(duì)姑姑說聲對(duì)姑姑說“再見再見!”!”。然而，他的父親沒聽到，他認(rèn)。然而，他的父親沒聽到，他認(rèn)為約翰不懂規(guī)矩。不告而別是非常不禮貌的。約翰堅(jiān)持為約翰不懂規(guī)矩。不告而別是非常不禮貌的。約翰堅(jiān)持說他確實(shí)說了，但他父親不聽。從此，約翰對(duì)父親很不說他確實(shí)說了，但他父親不聽。從此，約翰對(duì)父親很不友善，這使他的父親非常不高興。毫無疑問，約翰這樣友善，這使他的父親非常不高興。毫無疑問，約翰這樣做是不明智的。畢竟，他們是父子。他的父親把他送去做是不明智的。畢竟，他們是父子。他的父親把他送去上禮儀班以豐富他的禮儀知識(shí)，他的父親認(rèn)為這樣做會(huì)上禮儀班以豐富他的禮儀知識(shí)，

6、他的父親認(rèn)為這樣做會(huì)使他成為一個(gè)懂禮貌的男孩。約翰的父親說對(duì)于兒子的使他成為一個(gè)懂禮貌的男孩。約翰的父親說對(duì)于兒子的不誠(chéng)實(shí)他感到很生氣，他的不誠(chéng)實(shí)當(dāng)然會(huì)危及他的未來。不誠(chéng)實(shí)他感到很生氣，他的不誠(chéng)實(shí)當(dāng)然會(huì)危及他的未來。他父親的不間斷的嘮叨讓約翰很不舒服。約翰不得不去他父親的不間斷的嘮叨讓約翰很不舒服。約翰不得不去上課。此后，他總是和父親對(duì)著干。上課。此后，他總是和父親對(duì)著干。 熟讀深思熟讀深思 1. dis 表示表示“相反或否定相反或否定”意義的前綴意義的前綴dis可以加在動(dòng)可以加在動(dòng)詞的前面詞的前面, approve贊同贊同disapprove不贊同不贊同, 反對(duì)。反對(duì)。2. mis 表示表示

7、“錯(cuò)誤或否定錯(cuò)誤或否定”意義的前綴意義的前綴mis 可以加在動(dòng)可以加在動(dòng)詞的前面，詞的前面，understand理解理解 misunderstand誤解，誤解，misunderstanding是其名詞形式。是其名詞形式。3. mis 表示表示“糟糕或否定糟糕或否定”意義的前綴意義的前綴mis可以加在動(dòng)可以加在動(dòng)詞的前面詞的前面, behave表現(xiàn)得體表現(xiàn)得體misbehave行為不端。行為不端。4. im 前綴前綴im通常加在以字母通常加在以字母p開頭的形容詞前，表示開頭的形容詞前，表示“不、非不、非”的意思，的意思， polite有禮貌的有禮貌的impolite沒禮貌沒禮貌的，而同是表示的，

8、而同是表示“不、非不、非”的前綴的前綴il常加在以字母常加在以字母l開頭開頭的單詞前；前綴的單詞前；前綴ir則常加在以字母則常加在以字母r開頭的單詞前。開頭的單詞前。58. un 前綴前綴un通常加在形容詞前或加后綴通常加在形容詞前或加后綴才得來的形容詞或副詞的前面，表示才得來的形容詞或副詞的前面，表示“不、非不、非”的意思，的意思，friendly友好的友好的unfriendly不友好的，不友好的，happy開心開心unhappy不開心不開心 。910. en 前綴前綴en通常加在形容詞前面，表通常加在形容詞前面，表示示“使使”的意思，的意思，rich豐富的豐富的enrich使豐富，使豐富，

9、使充實(shí)；使充實(shí)；able能夠能夠enable使能夠使能夠 。一般的前綴。一般的前綴不會(huì)改變?cè)~性，但前綴不會(huì)改變?cè)~性，但前綴en會(huì)改變所加的單詞的會(huì)改變所加的單詞的詞性。詞性。11. dis表示表示“相反或否定相反或否定”意義的前綴意義的前綴dis可以可以加在名詞的前面，加在名詞的前面，honesty誠(chéng)實(shí)誠(chéng)實(shí)dishonesty不誠(chéng)不誠(chéng)實(shí)。實(shí)。 12. en前綴前綴en也可以加在名詞前面，表示也可以加在名詞前面，表示“使使”的意思，的意思，danger危險(xiǎn)危險(xiǎn) endanger危及。危及。13. mon前綴前綴non構(gòu)成形容詞、副詞和名詞，構(gòu)成形容詞、副詞和名詞，表示表示“無、沒有無、沒有”的意

10、思。的意思。14. dis表示表示“相反或否定相反或否定”意義的前綴意義的前綴dis可以可以加在名詞的前面，加在名詞的前面，comfort舒服舒服discomfort不舒不舒服。服。 構(gòu)詞法與廣東高考構(gòu)詞法與廣東高考 從近幾年的廣東高考題來看，閱讀理從近幾年的廣東高考題來看，閱讀理解中除了有漢語注明的個(gè)別生詞，以及大解中除了有漢語注明的個(gè)別生詞，以及大約約2.5%2.5%的派生詞和合成詞外，沒有出現(xiàn)過的派生詞和合成詞外，沒有出現(xiàn)過考綱外的生詞。因此，熟練掌握考綱詞匯考綱外的生詞。因此，熟練掌握考綱詞匯和掌握常見的構(gòu)詞法，閱讀這一關(guān)就好突和掌握常見的構(gòu)詞法，閱讀這一關(guān)就好突破了。破了。 語法填空

11、中必有一道題是考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的。語法填空中必有一道題是考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的。考查不同詞性在句中的不同用法，其中主要涉及考查不同詞性在句中的不同用法，其中主要涉及到以下三條：到以下三條：1.1.在句中修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞等作狀語，用副詞；在句中修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞等作狀語，用副詞；2.2.在句中作定語、表語或補(bǔ)語，一般用形容詞；在句中作定語、表語或補(bǔ)語，一般用形容詞；3.3.作主語、及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞的賓語，用名詞。作主語、及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞的賓語，用名詞。1.(2011年年)He must be _(mental) disabled.解析：解析：修飾分詞形容詞修飾分詞形容詞disabled，作狀語，用副，作狀語，

12、用副詞形式，故填詞形式，故填mentally。近年廣東高考真題：近年廣東高考真題：3.(2010年年)His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.解析：解析：修飾謂語動(dòng)詞修飾謂語動(dòng)詞smiled，作狀語，用副詞形，作狀語，用副詞形式，故填式，故填warmly。4.(2009年年)But Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased

13、 her father. 解析：解析：在在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中作主語應(yīng)當(dāng)用名引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中作主語應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，或者說，在形容詞性物主代詞后，一定是用詞，或者說，在形容詞性物主代詞后，一定是用名詞形式，故填名詞形式，故填choice。5.(2008年年)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature) course. 解析：解析：在名詞在名詞course前作定語，要用形容詞，故前作定語，要用形容詞，故填填natural。一、語篇填空一、語篇填空 靈活運(yùn)用靈活運(yùn)用 Walt Disney was an Amer

14、ican film producer, 1 _(direct), screenwriter, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur, entertainer, international icon and philanthropist (慈善家慈善家). Disney is famous for his influence in the field of 2 _(entertain) during the 20th century. Along with his brother Roy O. Disney, he co-founded the Walt Dis

15、ney Productions, which later became one of the well-known motion picture 3 _(produce) in the world. director entertainment producers Disney is particularly 4 _(note) for being a film producer and a popular showman, as well as an innovator in animation and theme park design. He and his staff created

16、a number of the worlds most famous fictional characters including Mickey Mouse, a character for which Disney himself was the 5 _(origin) voice. He gave his name to the Disneyland and Walt Disney World Resort theme parks in the United States, as well as the international resorts like Tokyo Disney Res

17、ort, Disneyland Paris, and Hong Kong Disneyland. noted original The new series, Alice Comedies, was reasonably 6 _(success), and featured both Dawn O-Day and Margie Gay as Alice. By the time the series ended in 1927, the focus was more on a cat named Julius. Disneys cartoons became7 _(wide) popular

18、in the Kansas City area. Through their success, Disney was able to acquire his own studio, also called Laugh-O-Gram, for which he hired a vast number of additional animators. successful widely Unfortunately, the studio profits were 8 _(sufficient) to cover the high salaries paid to 9 _(employ), for

19、Walt was 10 _(able) to successfully manage money then. As a result, the studio became loaded with debt. Disney then decided to set up a studio in the movie industrys capital city, Hollywood, California.insufficient employees unable (1) 沃特沃特迪斯尼是集導(dǎo)演、劇作家、制片人、企迪斯尼是集導(dǎo)演、劇作家、制片人、企業(yè)家等于一身的傳奇人物業(yè)家等于一身的傳奇人物, 在動(dòng)

20、畫電影以及主題在動(dòng)畫電影以及主題公園設(shè)計(jì)方面尤為突出。公園設(shè)計(jì)方面尤為突出。1. director 從從film producer和后面的一系列的表和后面的一系列的表示人的名詞中可知。示人的名詞中可知。2. entertainment 介詞介詞of 后面要填名詞，后面要填名詞，“娛樂娛樂”之意。之意。3. producers 從句意可知沃特從句意可知沃特迪斯尼是世界上迪斯尼是世界上最出色的動(dòng)畫制片人之一。最出色的動(dòng)畫制片人之一。one of 后面加名詞要后面加名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4. noted 過去分詞作形容詞，表示過去分詞作形容詞，表示“著名的著名的”。5. original 名

21、詞前面要填形容詞。名詞前面要填形容詞。6. successful 副詞副詞reasonably一般修飾形容詞、動(dòng)一般修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞或副詞詞或副詞, 根據(jù)前面的系動(dòng)詞可知要填形容詞形根據(jù)前面的系動(dòng)詞可知要填形容詞形式。式。7. widely 句中的句中的popular是形容詞，副詞一般修是形容詞，副詞一般修飾形容詞，所以填副詞形式。飾形容詞，所以填副詞形式。8. insufficient 從本句的從本句的Unfortunately可知他經(jīng)營(yíng)可知他經(jīng)營(yíng)的的studio的利潤(rùn)不足以付員工的高薪水。的利潤(rùn)不足以付員工的高薪水。9. employees 介詞介詞to后面要接名詞，從句意可知后面要接名詞

22、，從句意可知要填要填“雇員雇員”。10. unable 從句意可知沃特當(dāng)時(shí)不善于管理錢財(cái)。從句意可知沃特當(dāng)時(shí)不善于管理錢財(cái)。 Newspaper is a publication devoted 1_ (chief) to presenting and commenting on the news. Newspapers provide an excellent means of keeping people well informed on current events. They also play an 2 _(extreme) important role in shaping pub

23、lic opinion.Newspapers have certain advantages over other major news media-television, radio, the Internet, and news-magazines. For example, newspapers can cover more news in much greater detail than television and radio newscasts. News-magazines focus on chief 3 _(nation) and international events.

24、(2)chiefly extremely national But newspapers report local as well as national and international news and newspapers offer the public some 4 _(humor) stories and attractive stories about 5 _(wealth) or famous people as well as 6 _(fool) little persons . However, newspapers also have evident disadvant

25、ages. Due to the scientific 7_ (advance) and technical progress, the Internet and radio news travel more 8 _(swift) than newspapers. Besides, the 9 _(use) news is more10 _(access) to the public through the radio and cell phones or portable computers.humorous wealthy foolish advancement swiftly usefu

26、l accessible A large daily newspaper provides a great variety of information. News stories cover the latest developments in such fields as government, politics, sports, science, business and arts. Other news stories report crimes, disasters, and special events, human interest and etc. Producing a da

27、ily newspaper requires great speed and 11_(efficient). Reporters, correspondents, editors, and photographers work under the constant pressure of deadlines. A large daily also employs many other 12 _ (employ), including advertising salespeople, 13 _(art), librarians, printing-press 14 _ (operate), an

28、d truck 15 _(drive).efficiency employees artists operators drivers (2) 本文將報(bào)紙同別的媒體比較，說明報(bào)紙的優(yōu)本文將報(bào)紙同別的媒體比較，說明報(bào)紙的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足。勢(shì)和不足。1. chiefly 修飾動(dòng)詞修飾動(dòng)詞devoted作狀語，用副詞。作狀語，用副詞。2. extremely 修飾形容詞作狀語，用副詞。修飾形容詞作狀語，用副詞。3. national 同同international一起作定語，修飾一起作定語，修飾event，故用其形容詞形式。，故用其形容詞形式。4. humorous 在名詞在名詞stories前作定語，用形

29、容詞。前作定語，用形容詞。5. wealthy 作定語，修飾作定語，修飾people，要用形容詞。，要用形容詞。6. foolish 作定語，修飾作定語，修飾persons，用形容詞。，用形容詞。7. advancement 作介詞作介詞to的賓語，要用名詞。的賓語，要用名詞。8. swiftly 修飾謂語動(dòng)詞修飾謂語動(dòng)詞travel，作狀語，用副詞。，作狀語，用副詞。9. useful 作定語修飾作定語修飾news，要用形容詞。，要用形容詞。10. accessible 作表語，要用形容詞。作表語，要用形容詞。11. efficiency 與與speed并列，一起作并列，一起作require

30、s的賓的賓語，故用其名詞形式。語，故用其名詞形式。12. employees 作賓語作賓語, 指雇員指雇員, 故填名詞故填名詞employees。13. artists 與與salespeople和和librarians并列并列, 作介詞作介詞including的賓語的賓語, 故填表示故填表示“藝術(shù)家藝術(shù)家”的名詞的名詞artists。14. operators 同同13題。題。15. drivers 同同13題。題。 二、語法填空二、語法填空 A group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and e

31、mptied almost 200 private safes. They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 1_(equip) to dig holes and destroy walls 2_Saturday night. They tied up a 3 _(secure) guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank.One 4 _(investigate) described the robbery as a “5 _(profession) job”. Th

32、e robbers came in at about 22:00 on Saturday and left at 7:00 on Sunday. equipment on security investigator professional They entered through the basements of the neighboring building, digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80 cm thick to get into the bank, 6 _was havin

33、g building works at the time. When they left, the robbers set the place on fire to 7 _(move) any trace of evidence, switching on the anti-fire system and flooding the building. 8 _(fortune), the guard escaped 9 _(harm). 10 _is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the bank

34、s clients(儲(chǔ)戶儲(chǔ)戶) know the content of their private safes.which remove Fortunately unharmed It 【篇章概要篇章概要】本文主要講述一群盜賊挖出本文主要講述一群盜賊挖出了一條通往銀行地下室的路并倒空了幾乎了一條通往銀行地下室的路并倒空了幾乎兩百個(gè)儲(chǔ)戶的保險(xiǎn)箱。兩百個(gè)儲(chǔ)戶的保險(xiǎn)箱。1. equipment 名詞作賓語。名詞作賓語。 2. on 星期前用介詞星期前用介詞on。3. security 名詞作定語，名詞作定語，security guard“保保安安”。 4. investigator 名詞作主語，再根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)名詞作主語，再根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞可知是指人。詞可知是指人。 5. professional 形容詞作定語。形容詞作定語。 6. which 引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語。引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語。 7. remove 不定式作狀語，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)填不定式作狀語，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)填remove (消除消除)。 8. Fortunately 副詞作狀語修飾后面的句子。副詞作狀語修飾后面的句子。9. unharmed 過去分詞作補(bǔ)語，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)過去分詞作補(bǔ)語，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)填填unharmed。 10. It 作形式主語。作形式主語。