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1、 REVISION OF REVISION OF THE PASSIVE THE PASSIVE INFINITIVEINFINITIVEUnit 2 GrammarTo be, or not to be - that is the question. Hamlet 1. Obviously, to be obeyed was natural to Jim.2. My brother appeared to be satisfied with the final result of the basketball match.3. It needs not to be said that the
2、y are very happy together.4. Joan is a girl easily to be frightened by dogs.5. At that moment, I had to shout loudly to be heard by everyone.6. The posters were ordered to be printed immediately.7. The manager ordered the posters to be printed immediately.8. Look, they are waiting for the door to be
3、 opened.9. Make sure that you know what is to be done.不定式語(yǔ)法不定式語(yǔ)法 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，時(shí)態(tài)共不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，時(shí)態(tài)共四種，即四種，即一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式和一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式。語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被。語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如下表所示。動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如下表所示。不定式被動(dòng)式講與練不定式被動(dòng)式講與練語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式一般式 to do to be done完成式完成式 to have done to have been do
4、ne進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式 to be doing/完成進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing/當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。進(jìn)行作的承受者時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。式和完成進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1 現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞， 有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí) 發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)發(fā)生，有時(shí)
5、發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng) 作之后。作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. 2 完成時(shí)完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3 進(jìn)行時(shí)：進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已在延續(xù)或動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已在延續(xù)或動(dòng)作 正在進(jìn)行。正在進(jìn)行。 They seem to be getting alon
6、g well with their new jobs. He seems to be eating something.4 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)表示動(dòng)作是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前就一直在進(jìn)行。詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前就一直在進(jìn)行。 They are said to have been collecting stamps for over twenty years. He appears to have been waiting a long time. 不定式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法不定式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法: :(1) 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) It is an honour for m
7、e to be asked to speak here.(2) 作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ) She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一一 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要采用被動(dòng)形式。采用被動(dòng)形式。(3) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.(4) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ) The books are not
8、allowed to be taken out of the room.(5) 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)Are you going to the meeting to be heldin the teachers office?(6) 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)She was too young to be assigned suchwork.二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，或者式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)等，如：構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)等，如：It is a good thing for him to have beencri
9、ticized. (主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ))She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))He thought it an honour to have beeninvited to the party. (復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ))The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages. (復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)復(fù)合謂語(yǔ))She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)) 三、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)三、不定式
10、的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)1. 在在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用也可用to be done)There is no time to lose (to be lost).2. 在在“npron + be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有中。常用的形容詞有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。等。例如：例如：He
11、is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with3. 在在“tooto do; enoughto”結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：構(gòu)中。如：The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.4. 在在“with+n+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如：With nothing to do, he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do, I cant go to t
12、he cinema5. 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。 例如：例如： I have a letter to type today Do you have anything to say?(I是是to type的邏輯主語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)) (you是是to say的邏輯主語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ))6. 當(dāng)不定式隱含在當(dāng)不定式隱含在for sb to do結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)。This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we l
13、eave the house7. 一些作表語(yǔ)用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。一些作表語(yǔ)用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。 常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et(出租出租), rent， hire, blame等。等。 The house is to let I felt I was to blame.動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用要比動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用要比被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用普遍，有時(shí)（尤被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用普遍，有時(shí)（尤其在口語(yǔ)中）雖然意思上是被動(dòng)的，其在口語(yǔ)中）雖然意思上是被動(dòng)的，也往往用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式來(lái)表示。也往往用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式來(lái)表示。I have three motors to repair today
14、.The task is difficult to finish on time.NOTICENOTICE1. My ambition is _ to the university which has the most excellent sporting facilities in Beijing. A. to admit B. to be admitted C. to be admitting D. to have been admitted課堂練兵課堂練兵2. Young as he is, he doesnt like _ as a child. A. to treat B. trea
15、ting C. to be treated D. to be treating3. The professor and his fellow workers were sent there _ for the space flight. A. train B. to be training C. to have been trained D. to be trained4. Lily has been invited to a garden party _ next Saturday evening. A. to be held B. to hold C. to be holding D. t
16、o have been held5. Jack is reported _ chairman of the trade union by all members. A. to choose B. to have been chosen C. to be choosing D. to be chosen6. Is Mary still studying? Im afraid not. She is said _ the classroom already. A. to be left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to have left7. Do le
17、t your parents know all the truth. They appear _ everything. A. to have been told B. to tell C. to be telling D. to be told1. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _. (2006 江西卷江西卷) A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made2. Energy drinks are not allowed
18、_ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (2006 上海卷上海卷) A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (2007 江西卷江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained4. The childre
19、n talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. (2007 浙江卷浙江卷) A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 5. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008 北京卷北京卷) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed6. The message is very important, so it is suppos
20、ed _ as soon as possible. (2008 陜西卷陜西卷) A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending7. We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. (2009 山東卷山東卷) A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding8. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. (2010 全國(guó)全國(guó)I卷卷)
21、 A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made1. The dishes need 2. The mail is intended Sentence Makingwashsendto be washed. to be sent. 3. The singer refused4. The house isphotographsellto be photographed. to be sold. 5. The wall is expectedpaintto be painted. frighten6. The bird seemsto
22、be frightened.1. She hates _ by her classmates.2. Tim refused _ by his father to school. 3. She struggled _ by the French visitors. to be accompaniedto be understoodFill in the blanks.accompany understand envylaughed at discuss testto be laughed at4. These are the issues _ tomorrow.5. The new drug is _ out on 500 patients next year.6. She was very beautiful but she didnt like _ by all the girls she met. to be testedto be enviedto be discussedaccompany understand envylaughed at discuss test
高中英語(yǔ) U2P3 Grammar2課件 新人教版選修7
