遼寧省中考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)聚焦 第33講 賓語(yǔ)從句課件

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1、第33講賓語(yǔ)從句遼寧中考對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的考查是必考點(diǎn)。在單項(xiàng)選擇題型中主要考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞辨析、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)，句意辨析及三者的混合考查；偶爾在完形填空中涉及對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的辨析；句子翻譯題型中也會(huì)考查該知識(shí)點(diǎn)。賓語(yǔ)從句(2015年共考查11次，2014年共考查6次，2013年共考查11次)高頻考向一賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語(yǔ)從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that，在口語(yǔ)中that可以省略。如：We believe (that) he is honest.我們相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。如果賓語(yǔ)從句由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)，其引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether。一般情況下，二者可以通用，但從句中有or not或從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)

2、，只能用whether。如：I dont know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否會(huì)來(lái)這兒。Sorry，I dont know whether he will come or not.對(duì)不起，我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。賓語(yǔ)從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞就是特殊疑問(wèn)詞。如：Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告訴我郵局在哪里嗎？The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老師問(wèn)學(xué)生他們正在做什么?！纠?】Could you say it again？

3、I cant understand _ you are talking about.Ahow Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich【解析】how和when在賓語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，而此處賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中作talk about的賓語(yǔ)，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；what“什么”，which“哪一個(gè)”，由句意“我無(wú)法理解你正在談?wù)撌裁础笨芍獞?yīng)選what。答案：_【例2】 Could you tell me _ he came here?He drove here himself.Ahow Bwhy Cwhen Dwhether【解析】本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。how“怎樣”，why“為什么”；when

4、“什么時(shí)候”；whether“是否”。由答語(yǔ)“他是自己開(kāi)車(chē)來(lái)這兒的”可知問(wèn)句為“你能告訴我他是怎樣來(lái)這兒的嗎？”。答案：_CA高頻考向二賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是由主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定的，一般有下面幾種情況：主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work.他說(shuō)他將叫胡先生給吉姆一些工作。主句的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某一時(shí)態(tài)。如：She said she missed us very much

5、.她說(shuō)她非常想念我們。從句表示的是客觀真理、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)一律使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他說(shuō)太陽(yáng)比地球大?！纠?】 The official said that they _ a new law to protect the tourists the next year.Amakes Bwould makeCmade Dhave made【解析】主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞said是過(guò)去式，因此從句也應(yīng)用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the next year可知應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。答案：_B高頻考向三賓語(yǔ)從句的

6、語(yǔ)序在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，賓語(yǔ)從句要使用陳述語(yǔ)序，即“引導(dǎo)詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)其他”。如：I want to know when the train left.我想知道火車(chē)是什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)的。注意：有些特殊疑問(wèn)句本身是陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：Whats wrong with？Which is the way to？What happened to you？Whats the matter/trouble？Who studies the hardest in your class?do you think后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，特殊疑問(wèn)詞即引導(dǎo)詞要前置，do you think作為插入語(yǔ)。如：Who do you th

7、ink he is talking with？你認(rèn)為他正在和誰(shuí)交談？由do，does，did構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句，在轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要去掉do，does，did，且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的變化。如：“Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him.The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.這個(gè)音樂(lè)老師想知道他唱得是否很好。如果是will，be，have，can組成的疑問(wèn)句，在變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要把這些詞還原到句中原來(lái)的謂語(yǔ)位置上，并根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。如：“Will yo

8、u be free tomorrow？”She asked me.She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她問(wèn)我明天是否是空閑的?！纠?】 Mom，summer holiday is coming.I wonder _.How about the Great Wall？(2015，朝陽(yáng))Ahow we can go Bhow can we goCwhere we can go Dwhere can we go【解析】由上句句意“我想知道我們能去哪兒？”以及下句句意“長(zhǎng)城怎么樣？”可知選擇C或D；又因?yàn)橘e語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序，可知答案。答

9、案：_C【例5】 Hi，Bruce.Here is a letter for you.Thanks.I wonder _.Awho the letter was fromBwho was from the letterCwho was the letter fromDwho from the letter was【解析】賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序，即be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都應(yīng)放在主語(yǔ)后。在此賓語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)是the letter，謂語(yǔ)was from應(yīng)放在主語(yǔ)后，故排除選項(xiàng)B和C；選項(xiàng)D將from置于主語(yǔ)前，是錯(cuò)誤的。句意：“嗨，布魯斯。這兒有你的一封信?！薄爸x謝。我想知道這封信是誰(shuí)寄來(lái)的。”答

10、案：_A【例6】 Could you please tell me _？Yes，sure.(2015，鞍山二模)Aif there is a bookshop near hereBwhere can I buy a stampCwhen will the next bus arriveDyou like to eat what【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序和引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：“你可以告訴我_？”“當(dāng)然可以?！盇項(xiàng)為陳述句語(yǔ)序，意為“附近是否有一個(gè)書(shū)店”；B和C項(xiàng)為一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序，不對(duì)；D項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)詞位置不對(duì)。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句語(yǔ)序。答案：_A高頻考向四賓語(yǔ)從句的否定前移在賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

11、詞為think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等時(shí)，如果主句為I或we時(shí)，從句中表示否定意義的not應(yīng)移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前面。如：I dont suppose he will come.我猜他不會(huì)來(lái)?！咀⒁狻咳绻骶渲髡Z(yǔ)不是I或we，則not不前移。如：She thinks she cant arrive there on time.她認(rèn)為她不能按時(shí)到那兒?！纠?】 翻譯：我認(rèn)為明天不會(huì)下雨。I dont think it will rain tomorrow.高頻考向五賓語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主

12、句的主語(yǔ)相同，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide等時(shí)，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I hope that I can see you again.I hope to see you again.我希望能再次見(jiàn)到你。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know，remember，forget，learn等時(shí)，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I dont know what I should say.I dont know what to say.我不知道該說(shuō)什么。當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是ask，tell，show，teach等，且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，從句可轉(zhuǎn)

13、化為“不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”或“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Mr.Hu tells us that we shouldnt draw on the wall.Mr.Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老師告訴我們不應(yīng)該在墻上畫(huà)畫(huà)。Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps?Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？請(qǐng)告訴我在哪兒能買(mǎi)到郵票？有些賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，常用動(dòng)詞find，think，make。如：I think it is necessary for us

14、 to learn to wait.I think it necessary for us to learn to wait.I find she is a good girl.I find her a good girl.由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語(yǔ)從句。如：We did what we could to help you.We did everything (that) we could to help you.Robert saw what Mr.Smith did.Robert saw everything (that) Mr.Smith did.【例8】 將下列句子改為簡(jiǎn)單句。The teacher told the boy he shouldnt spend too much time playing games.【解析】主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是tell，賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是主句的間接賓語(yǔ)，故從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：tell sb.not to do sth.。答案：The teacher told the boy not to spend too much time playing games.