中考英語 第二部分 語法知識鞏固 第34講 非謂語動詞課件

第34講非謂語動詞非謂語動詞是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他成分的動詞形式。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：不定式、動詞ing形式和分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。中考關于非謂語動詞的考點主要集中在不定式上，具體如下：1動詞不定式作賓語，賓語補足語和和目的狀語的用法；2動詞不定式作主語和定語的用法；3動詞ing 形式的用法。高頻考向一動詞不定式1構成：to動詞原形，即：to do形式。其否定形式為：not to do。如：The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老師告訴我放學后完成我的家庭作業(yè)。2功能：動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。(1)作主語To help the old is our duty.幫助老人是我們的職責?！咀⒁狻縿釉~不定式作主語時，為了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主語，而把不定式短語后置。“Its adj.of sb.不定式”表示“某人(做某事)”，這一句型中常用表示性質、品格的形容詞。常見的有good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(好的)，polite(有禮貌的)，clever(聰明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懶惰的)，careful(細心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正確的)，wrong(錯誤的)等。如：Its kind of you to help me.你幫了我，你真好?！癐ts adj.for sb.不定式”表示“做某事對某人來說”。常用的形容詞有difficult(困難的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艱難的)，dangerous(危險的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有用的)，pleasant(舒適的)，interesting(有趣的)等。如：Its dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.對你來說，爬上那棵高樹是危險的。(2)作表語To eat is to live，but to live is not to eat.吃飯是為了活著，但活著并不是為了吃飯。(3)作賓語常接不定式作賓語的動詞有：decide(決定)，expect(期望)，forget(忘記)，hope(希望)，pretend(假裝)，try(盡力)等。如：I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行車。(4)作賓語補足語常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask(要求)，tell(告訴)，want(想要)，teach(教)，wish(希望)，help(幫助)，warn(警告)，invite(邀請)，encourage(鼓勵)等。如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告訴她的姐姐把電視機的音量調小點。She asked me to answer the phone while she was out.當她出去的時候，她叫我接電話。(5)作定語動詞不定式作定語時，常置于被修飾名詞之后作后置定語，且被修飾的名詞與不定式的動詞有動賓關系或介賓關系。如：He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(動賓)He has no friends to talk with.他沒有可以與之交談的朋友。(介賓)【注意】當不定式修飾的名詞是time，place或way時，不定式后的介詞習慣省去。如：He had no place to live (in)他沒地方住。有些名詞常用不定式作定語。如：a chance to go to school上學的機會no time to think about rest沒時間考慮休息a way to learn (of learning) English學習英語的一種方法(6)作狀語They ran over to welcome us.他們跑過來歡迎我們。(表目的)Paul is too excited to say anything.保羅激動得說不出話來。(表結果)Im sorry to trouble you.很抱歉打擾你。(表原因)【注意】在使役動詞、感官動詞和某些實義動詞后，動詞不定式作賓語時，要省略to。但在變被動語態(tài)時，省略的to要加上。如：I heard someone knock at the door.我聽到有人在敲門。We saw him enter the room.我們看到他進了房間。在would you please，had better，why not，would rather等結構的句型后，要用不帶to的不定式。如：Would you please make your bed？請整理下你的床，好嗎？Youd better go to bed early.你最好早點睡覺。3特殊疑問詞動詞不定式能接不定式的疑問詞有：what，which，how，who，when，where等。它們可以在句中作主語、賓語和表語。如：I dont know what to do.我不知道該做什么。I dont know how to do it.我不知道該怎么去做這事。I dont know what to do about it.關于這件事，我不知道該做些什么。The question is who to go.問題是誰去。高頻考向二動詞ing形式1構成：動詞原形ing(形式上與現(xiàn)在分詞相同)。2功能：動詞ing形式具有名詞的性質，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。作主語如：Saying so much is useless.說那么多沒用。作表語如：My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的樂趣是旅游。作定語如：There is a swimming pool here.這兒有一個游泳池。作賓語如：She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜愛看電影。后接動詞ing形式的動詞或動詞短語enjoy(喜歡)，finish(完成)，keep(保持)，practice(練習)，mind(介意)，suggest(建議)，avoid(避免)，be busy(忙于)，be worth(值得)，cant help(禁不住)，give up(放棄)，be used to(習慣于)，stop/prevent/keep.from(阻止)，look forward to(盼望)，feel like(想要)，be good at(擅長)，be interested in(對感興趣)，succeed in(成功)一、用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。(原創(chuàng)題)1Its easy for local people _(choose)various goods in Sunnyside Shopping Mall.2No pains, no gains. Without _(work) hard, no one can achieve success in life.3Nothing would prevent UNICEF, an international charity，_ (raise) the living standards of the children in poor areas.4The foreigner has been used to _(eat) with chopsticks.5Mom couldnt stand the mess in my room, so she asked me _(clean) it right now.6Would you mind _(close) it right now?7Dont forget _(turn) off the gas after cooking.to chooseworkingraisingeatingto cleanclosingto turn8Could you tell me how _(succeed) in making a speech in front of people?Be confident. Thats the point.9Some inventions that led to the colorful movies are on show，_ (include) cameras.10If you have any trouble _(use) the website, just click on this icon for help.11My teachers always encourage us _(study) hard on different subjects.12We need to make more young people _(learn) Shadow Play so that it wont disappear in China.13_ (ride) a bike to the countryside must be fun. I cant wait.14It is fine today! How about _(go) climbing this afternoon?15Youd better _(join) in some activities after school.to succeedincludingusingto studylearnRidinggoingjoin