高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講與精練 ：第六章 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

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1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講與精練 ：第六章 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài) 第六章 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)精講與精練 一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)講前練：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式或用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~（1個(gè)）填空 I [1]_______ (have) dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony [2]______ (work) in a lawyer's office years ago, but he [3]________ (work) at a bank now. He [4]______ (get) a good salary, but he always [5]_

2、______ (borrow) money from his friends and never [6]______ (pay) it back. Tony [7]_____ (see) me and [8]_______ (sit) at the same table. He [9]___ never [10]__________ (borrow) money from me. While he [11]___________ (eat), I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he [12]_____ (give) me

3、 the money immediately. 'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!' 講前練小結(jié)：1）有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的試題要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、上下文體現(xiàn)的時(shí)間關(guān)系和句型中的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題，2）牢記不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化。 Keys:1. was having? 2. worked 3. is working 4.gets 5. borrows 6. pays? 7. saw 8.. sat 9. has 10. borrowed 11. was eating 12

4、. gave 二、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)精講： 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)1、主要的時(shí)態(tài)的形式及含義 考點(diǎn)對(duì)練1:用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.【2021·浙江高考卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,?36（prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Key:has proved/has

5、proven ? 句意：它不像喬治華盛頓在波托馬克河畔的種植園那樣給人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利諾伊州斯普林菲爾德市中心的家，自從向公眾開(kāi)放以來(lái)，就被證明對(duì)游客來(lái)說(shuō)是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主語(yǔ)；結(jié)合句意及設(shè)空處后的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句since it opened to the public可知，此處指過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念，故設(shè)空處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)是has/have +過(guò)去分詞；主語(yǔ)Lincoln’s home in downtown Sp

6、ringfield Illinois是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，所以助動(dòng)詞用has，提示詞prove 的過(guò)去分詞形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。 2.【2017·江蘇卷改編】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he __________（follow）.Key: was being followed 3.【2017·北京卷改編】33. People________ (has)better access to health care than they used to, and

7、 they’re living longer as a result.?Key:have 4.【2017·北京卷改編】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ___________________ (not invent)yet.?Key：hadn’t been invented 5.【2016·北京改編】23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars. We

8、_______________ (wait) here for more than two hours. Key:have been waiting 6.【2016·北京改編】25. I ________(read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.??Key: have read 7.【2016·北京改編】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ______________

9、(reward) with success in the end.?Key:will be rewarded 8.【2015·重慶改編】1.? —Is Peter coming? —No, he_____________ (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.??Key: changed 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)2、常考的含時(shí)態(tài)的句型 1、was /were about to do….when…正要做某事…這時(shí)突然… 2、was/were doing….when…. 正在做某事…這時(shí)突然… 3、had done

10、….when….. 剛做完某事…這時(shí)突然… 4、was/were on the point of doing ….when…. 正要做某事…這時(shí)突然….. 5、had hardly done ....when....did= had no sooner done.....than....did...一......就..... 6、It [This] is the first time＋that-結(jié)構(gòu)中，that-從句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) EG:It is the second time that I have visited Africa. 7、It [This] is the 最高級(jí)+

11、名詞＋that-結(jié)構(gòu)中，that-從句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) EG：This is the most delicious food that I have eaten. 8、plan, hope, intend, want, mean等表示計(jì)劃、準(zhǔn)備、安排等的動(dòng)詞，它們的過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的過(guò)去愿望。I had planned to attend the lecture, but I forgot it. 9、… ago用于一般過(guò)去和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)???見(jiàn)到by用完成時(shí)態(tài)。by now現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) by 2005過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)?? by 2050將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)?? 10、含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)rece

12、ntly，since....., in the past/last two years,never, for two years, three times(twice),?so far=up to now=up to the present現(xiàn)在完成(進(jìn)行)時(shí)態(tài)。? 考點(diǎn)對(duì)練2:用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空或填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~（1個(gè)） 1.【2020?浙江高考】By about 6000 BC, people　61　(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Key：had discovered?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)By about

13、6000 BC可知,此處用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 2.【2017·天津卷改編】8. I ________（drive）down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.Key: was driving 3.【2016·北京改編】21. Jack ________ （work）in the lab when the power cut occurred. Key:was working 4.?If?it?_____________(not rain) tomorrow,?the?students?will?go?to

14、?the?movies.?Key: doesn’t rain 5.John?is?always?______________(help)?others.?Key:helping 6.I?____________(learn)?900?English?words?by?the?time?I?was?ten. 7.【2015·福建改編】30.—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and______________(write) his essay there e

15、ver since. Key: has been writing 8.【2014·全國(guó)大綱卷改編】32.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody __________ (see)them since.?Key: has seen?? 9.. So far this year we _________ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建)?key：have seen 10.Hardly ________ I reached the station when

16、 the train started.? Key: had考查句型hardly......when..... 11.I first __________(read) the fashion magazine two years ago and have subscribed to it since. Key:read 三、考點(diǎn)應(yīng)考技巧： 1、在語(yǔ)法填空題中，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和各種時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式判斷空格處是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如果是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和上下文判斷用什么時(shí)態(tài)， 2、在短文改錯(cuò)題中，主要考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的誤用，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的誤用，另外就

17、是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的誤用。 六、時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)精練 (一)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.【(2021·全國(guó)甲卷】We?46?(hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shakybut did the job. Key:考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們從南門(mén)的租賃處租了自行車(chē)。分析句子可知，此處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)上下文可知，此處描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故填hired。 2.【2018·全國(guó)I】While running? regularly can't ma

18、ke you live forever, the review says it _____ (be) more effective at lengthening life?than walking, cycling or swimming.?Key: is 3.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】You can’t help wondering how hard it?61?(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Key：考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：你不禁會(huì)想，對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，把這些石頭都安置好有多難。分析句子可知，“how

19、hard it?? 61??(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的賓語(yǔ)，it是從句的形式主語(yǔ)，不定式為真正主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)then可知安置臺(tái)階的石頭為陳述過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填was。 4.【2018·全國(guó)II】Since 2011,the country ______（grow）more corn than rice.?Key:has grown 5.【2021·浙江高考卷】When the house was built, it was muchsmaller tha

20、n it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home?___40___（paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Key:was painted 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，The little home作主語(yǔ)。結(jié)合句意及常識(shí)可知，房子是“被漆”的，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；根據(jù)上文的was built可知，此處為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是was/were+過(guò)去分詞；主語(yǔ)The little home是單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)，所以要用

21、was，提示詞paint的過(guò)去分詞形式是painted。故填was painted。 6.【2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷】The unmanned Change-4 probe (探測(cè)器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess —?　61　?(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Key：touched考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),“the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess”部分是對(duì)探月

22、器名稱(chēng)的解釋,可以看作是插入成分。故可判斷出空格處是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。再根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last week可知此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。touched down 降落,著陸。 7.【2020?全國(guó)III卷】The artist was sure he would　63　?(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. Key：be chosen?？疾檎Z(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)文章意思,此處應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而且前面有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would其后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形,填be chos

23、en。 8.【2020?全國(guó)III卷】When?he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and?　66　?(point) down the river. Key:pointed。考查復(fù)合句。and連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,空格處的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)和前文中的smiled一致,填pointed。 9.【2018·全國(guó)II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between

24、2005—when the government ______ (start) a soil-testing program?that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.?Key:started 10.【2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut?　65　?(report) increases in bear sightings around hu

25、man settlements,leading to abelief that populations are increasing. Key：have reported?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In recent years可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 11.【2018·全國(guó)III】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find?them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal _______(mean)me n

26、o real harm.Key:meant 【true to忠于，信守，按照】 12.【2018·浙江】I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ______(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.Key: was shocked 13.【2017·全國(guó)I】When fat and salt(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing so

27、mething.?Key:are removed 14.【2017·全國(guó)I】Fast food (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.key: is 15.?【2017·全國(guó)II】Steam engines _________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have beenfairly unpleasant for the passengers, wi

28、th all the smoke and noise.?Key:were used 16.【2017·全國(guó)II】Later, engineers _______(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known as the tube.?Key:managed 17.【2017·全國(guó)III】Sarah__________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in

29、 the new year. Her father Peter 44,wants her to give up school to model fulltime.?key: was told/has been told. 18.【2017·全國(guó)III】Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school? ________ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling."?Key:comes 19.【2016·

30、全國(guó)I】So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I__________（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.?Key: was allowed 20.【2016·全國(guó)II】Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _______ (

31、be) often acceptable.Key: is 21.【2016·全國(guó)II】 It could be anything, gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, _______ (make )sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.Key:make 22.【2016·全國(guó)III】Truly elegant chopsticks might (make)of gold and silver with

32、Chinese characters.Key: be made 23.【2016·全國(guó)III】Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________ (be) too violent for use at the table.Key: were (二)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)單句語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò) 1.【2021年全國(guó)甲卷】Their answers also show that they dislike talking to others. They kept very much to themselves. In

33、my opinion, when in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly. Key:考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。前后的句子都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處沒(méi)有明顯的過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故此處應(yīng)該是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故把 kept 改為keep。 2.【2021年全國(guó)乙卷】 In my opinion, students can benefit a lot from doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person

34、. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they like. Key:考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)firstly和also可知，上下句是不同獲益方面的列舉。同時(shí)，根據(jù)已知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞gives判斷，doing housework的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故把was改為is。 3.【2020·全國(guó)卷II】Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old。 Key:考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：事實(shí)上，我七歲時(shí)就開(kāi)始學(xué)功夫了。分析句子，此處動(dòng)詞start講述的是7歲的時(shí)候，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用過(guò)

35、去時(shí)。故將start改為started。 4.【2020·全國(guó)卷III】 For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. Key:考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)every morning，可知這里表示經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為I，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用原形。所以had改成have。 5.【2019·全國(guó)卷II】One was that I was amaed at the fact that a sick person could feel much

36、 better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. Key:考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。本篇文章使用的全是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且與最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以最后一句話時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。講述當(dāng)時(shí)做決定時(shí)的原因。故將is改為was。 6.【2018?卷Ⅰ】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find

37、 a big change there.??Key: find→found 7.【2018?卷Ⅱ】I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.????? Key:are→were 8.【2018?卷Ⅲ】It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Key:begin→begun 9.【2018?北京改編】A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who

38、had trapped in the mountains for two days.???? Key:had后加been?? 10.【2018?天津改編】 My washing machine is repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.?????Key:repaired前加being 11.【2018?江蘇改編】 I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carrying out in the pas

39、t two years.???????Key:carrying→carried 12.【2018?北京改編】—Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around? —Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just have started on Monday.?? Key:去掉have? 13..【2018?北京改編】China's high-speed railways grown from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.??????????

40、??Key:在grown前加have 14.【2018?北京】Susan had quit her well-paid job and is working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.????????? Key:is→was 15.【2018?江蘇】Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we have developed more convenient electronic communicatio

41、n tools by then.???Key:we后加have 16.My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day.Key: are→were 17.We have sometimes accidents on this line, but no accidents have been occurred since last year.Key:劃掉been 18.It was the first time that he left his homeland.?Key:?he后加had 19.After we

42、seated at the table, she suddenly felt a pain in her stomach.?Key: seated前加were 20.In the past three years, the doctor saved many people’s lives.?Key:saved前加has 21. Our physics teacher said light traveled faster than sound.Key:traveled→travels 22.When she came, you were on your way to get the key

43、 you have left in the office. key:.have→had 23.Hardly had the doctor gone?to?bed when there is a knock on the door.Key:is→was 24.When I was in high school,I was weighed 70kg.?Key: 劃掉was (三)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)篇填空訓(xùn)練(以動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為主) It?was getting dark when I [1]_______(get) home. It was cold and I [2]____________

44、___(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket [3]________(take) out my key but I couldn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I?[4]_________(leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife was at home and the children must? [5] ____

45、______come) back from school by now, so I knocked?at the door. There was no answer, so I knocked again. I [6]____________(continue) knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy [7]___________(tell) me at noon. He said that my wife [8] ________ (phone)?saying that she [9]_____________(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. There was only one thing for me?to do: I had to climb in [10]_________ a window. Keys: 1.got 2, was wearing 3.to take? 4.had left? 5.have come 6.continued 7.had told 8.had phoned 9.would go? 10.through