高考英語語法精講與精練： 第七章 非謂語動詞

《高考英語語法精講與精練： 第七章 非謂語動詞》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《高考英語語法精講與精練： 第七章 非謂語動詞（25頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、高考英語語法精講與精練： 第七章 非謂語動詞 第七章 非謂語動詞精講與精練 一、非謂語動詞講前練：用所給單詞的適當形式或用適當?shù)膯卧~（1個）填空 Let children learn [1]_________ (judge) their own work. A child [2]___________(learn) to talk does not learn by [3]_______________(correct) all the time; if [4]___________(correct) too much, he will stop [5]__________(talk

2、). He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others’ language. Bit by bit, he makes the right changes [6]___________(make) his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn to do all the other things. They learn to talk, run, climb, ride a bicycle by

3、[7]___________(compare) their own behaviors with those of more [8]_________(skill) people, and slowly make the [9]________(need) changes. But in school teachers never give a child a chance [10]___________(find) out his mistakes for himself, even fewer chances for him [11] ___________(correct) himse

4、lf. They do it all for him. Teachers act as if the student would fail [12] _________(notice) a mistake if they did not point it out to him. They act as if the student would never correct it unless [13]__________(make) to. Soon he [14]____________(become) dependent on the teacher. So we should let hi

5、m [15]_______ (realize) his own mistakes and work out what the answer is to that problem with the help of other children . Key: 1. to judge 2. learning 3. being corrected 4. corrected 5. talking 6. to make 7. comparing 8. skilled 9. needed 10. to find

6、11. to correct 12. to notice 13. made 14. becomes 15.realize 二、非謂語動詞考點精講： 非謂語動詞考點1、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的判定 1、利用動詞的形式判斷謂語動詞與非謂語動詞。 1）各時態(tài)的謂語動詞的形式(見時態(tài)語態(tài)一章), 注意:情態(tài)動詞+do是謂語動詞的一種形式 2）非謂語動詞：to do / doing /done EG:When ice is heated, it can turn into water. Heated, ice can turn in

7、to water. The children are working hard on the farm, singing and laughing. 2、一個句子中，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)謂語動詞又沒有連詞的情況下。還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時，需要用非謂語動詞。 EG:The man took out the key, opened the door and entered the room. The question discussed at the meeting yesterday is of great importance. 考點對練1:判斷下列劃線動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞 1、We f

8、ound the girl sitting in the armchair. 2、The students went into the hall, following their teacher. 3、The meeting held yesterday was of great importance. 4、She sat at the window, reading a magazine. 5、Work hard and you will succeed. 非謂語動詞考點2、非謂語動詞的邏輯主語 1、非謂語動詞雖然不作謂語，但依然保留著動詞的特征，就是動詞表示的動作一定有“執(zhí)行者

9、”，及物動詞表達的動作會有一個“承受者”。非謂語動作的執(zhí)行者和承受者就是非謂語動詞的邏輯主語或賓語。比如： EG：We will have many difficult problems to deal with.我們會有許多棘手問題需要處理。 （To deal with的執(zhí)行者（邏輯主語）是句子主語we，承受者（賓語）是problems） EG：The problem to be dealt with is how we can get the text books. （To be dealt with的承受者the problems變成了邏輯主語, 由于不定式用的是被動形式，因此沒

10、有賓語） 2、如何確定非謂語動詞的邏輯主語 ①非謂語動詞在句子里作“狀語”時，它的邏輯主語就是句中主語。 EG：Not knowing what to do next, we went to the teacher for help. 因為不知道下一步怎么辦，我們?nèi)デ笾蠋煛? （作原因狀語的非謂語動詞短語（not knowing what to do next）的邏輯主語（執(zhí)行者）是句子主語we） ②非謂語動詞在句子里作“定語”時，它的邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞或代詞。 EG：The building built last year is our library. ③非謂語動詞在

11、句子里作賓語補足語時，它的邏輯主語就賓語。 EG:When we enter the classroom, we found Tom seated on his chair. 非謂語動詞考點3、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)及其基本性質(zhì) 非謂語形式 時態(tài)（主動） 時態(tài)（被動） 表達的時間概念 不定式 to do to be done 將來（即動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后） to be doing 正在進行（與主句動作同時發(fā)生） to have done to have been done 過去（即動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前） 現(xiàn)在分詞 動名詞 doing being done

12、 正在進行（與主句動作同時發(fā)生） having done having been done 過去（即動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前） 過去分詞 done 過去（即動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前） 例如： EG1: He hope to finish reading the book tonight. EG2: She pretended to be reading when the teacher came in. EG3: He pretended to have forgotten the conversation that night. 他假裝已經(jīng)忘記了那晚的對話。 EG4:

13、It is impossible for him to be appointed.他不可能被任命。 EG5: They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。 EG6: Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 沒有收到答復他決定再寫一遍 EG7: The building being built is our new teaching building. EG8: The building built last year is our

14、 science building. 非謂語動詞考點4、非謂語動詞其它常考考點 1、只接動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語 mind（介意）， escape（逃脫）， miss（想念，錯過）， enjoy（喜歡），practise（練習）， prevent（預防），dislike(不喜歡)，admit（承認）， suggest（建議） =advise=recommend， keep（保持），consider（考慮）， can’t help(情不自禁)， can’t stand(不能忍受)， risk（冒險）， resist（抵抗，反對），give up (放棄)， avoid（避免），app

15、reciate（欣賞），finish（完成），imagine(想象) 記憶口訣：memep喜歡承認skrgafi (諧音：妹妹不喜歡承認吃顆?？Х? 2、只接to do做賓語的動詞或短語 hope（希望）, want（想）, offer（主動提出做...，提供）, long（渴望）, fail（失敗，未能做...）, expect（期待）, wish(希望), ask（要求）, decide（決定）, pretend（假裝）, manage（成功設法做.....）, agree(同意), afford（負擔得起）, determine（決定）, promise（承諾）, happ

16、en（碰巧）， refuse(拒絕) seem/appear(似乎) 3、Sth. need/want/require（需要）+doing (某物需要被…) = Sth. need/want/require（需要）+to be done EG: The classroom needs cleaning=The classroom needs to be cleaned. 4、同一動詞后接to與doing的不同用法 to do 和doing 做賓語 意義相反 stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 意義不同 rememb

17、er/forget/regret to do記得/忘記/很遺憾要做…（指動作尚未發(fā)生） remember/forget/regret doing記得/忘記/后悔做過… （指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生） go on to do（接著做另外一件事） go on doing（接著做同一件事） try to do（設法，努力去做，盡力） try doing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果） mean to do（打算做，企圖做） mean doing （意思是，意味著） can’t help （to） do（不能幫忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） consider…to be認為是

18、 consider doing考慮做某事 5、非謂語動詞做賓語補足語的區(qū)別： 常見動詞搭配 含義 與賓語的邏輯關系及時間概念 例句 ask,beg,expect,order,tell, allow,invitewant,wish,encourage…+sb. to do 要求、乞求、希望、命令、告訴、想要、希望、鼓勵…某人做某事 主動關系。強調(diào)動作將發(fā)生 The teacher encouraged him to try his best to learn English well. make let have +sb. do 使/讓某人做某事 主動關系。do前

19、省略to,用在被動語態(tài)中，to要用上 Why not make Tom do the job for you? He often makes his sister cry but today he is made to cry by her. +sb. doing 使/讓某人一直做某事 主動關系。 While washing your hands,don’t make the water running all the time. +sb/sth. done 使/讓某人/物被… 被動關系 I’ll have my house painted next week. see

20、 notice watch observe hear… +sb. do 看見…某人經(jīng)常做某事/ 某人做了某事 主動關系。do前省略to,用在被動語態(tài)中，to要用上 We often hear him sing the same song. +sb. doing 看見某人正在做某事 主動關系。 When the teacher came in, he saw Jack playing games. +sb./sth. done 看見某人/物被… 被動關系 This morning, I saw an old man knocked down by a car. f

21、ind +sb. doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事 主動關系 I found her listening to the radio. +sb./sth. done 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物被… 被動關系 We found the village greatly changed. Leave/keep sb./sth. doing 讓某人/物持續(xù)做某事 主動關系 I’m sorry to keep you waiting for so long. 6、不定式的復合結(jié)構 ①for sb. to do sth. EG:It is necessary for to do somethi

22、ng for protecting the environment. ②of sb. to do sth.(如果不定式前面的形容詞說明不定式表示的動作的執(zhí)行者的特性時，其邏輯主語常用of引出。此類形容詞常見的有:kind, nice, good, polite, rude, patient, careful, wise, clever, selfish, cruel等) EG: It was cruel of them to eat rare wild animals. 7、but/except to do sth.除了做...之外(當but/except前出現(xiàn)行為動詞do的適當形式時，

23、to通常省略) EG:My brother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive. 8、其它非謂語動詞?？嫉木湫? ①only to do sth. (一個較為特殊的結(jié)果狀語，只限于表到意想不到的而且令人沮喪或失望的結(jié)果。如： He came back from the USA hurriedly only to find his girlfriend got married to another guy.) ②It’s a waste of time doing sth. 做....是浪費時間 It’s（no）fun

24、 doing sth. 做....（沒）有趣 It’s no good doing sth.做....沒有好處 It’sno use doing sth. 做……是沒有用的 be worth doing sth.....是值得(被)做 EG:It is no good objecting.反對也沒有用。 EG:It is a great fun playing football.踢足球很有趣。 EG:It is a waste of time trying to explain.設法解釋是浪費時間。 ③spend/waste time (in) doing sth.花/浪費時間做

25、某事 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困難 ④feel like + 名詞/動名詞：“ 想要” =would like to +原形動詞 EG:Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看電影嗎? ⑤be busy doing 忙著做… EG:I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙著寫論文。 ⑥獨立成分 generally speaking一般說來； frankly speaking坦白地說； judging from/by...根據(jù)……來判斷； compare

26、d with/to....與....相比 considering.../taking...into consideration 考慮到……； to tell you the truth說實話； to be honest說實話； 三、考點應考技巧： 1、要分清句子結(jié)構，判斷是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。 2、要分清非謂語動詞與邏輯主語的關系是主動還是被動，同時要弄清非謂語動詞所表達的時間概念。 3、要牢記固定搭配與句型結(jié)構。 四、考點精練 (一)單句語法填空 1.【2021·全國甲卷】It is possible 43 (walk) or bike the entir

27、e 14 kilometers. Key:考查動詞不定式。此處為句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it為形式主語，動詞walk的不定式短語作真正主語。故填to walk。 2.【(2021·全國乙卷】Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(遠足)and accommodations aim 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment. Key:考查非謂語動詞。句意：那里的活動從觀鯨到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是對自然環(huán)境影響達到很小。固定短語ai

28、m to do譯為“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。 3.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60 (astonish). Key: 考查過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換過來的形容詞。句意：但大自然就是這樣——總是讓我們驚訝。此處是“l(fā)eave +賓語+賓語補足語”，補充說明賓語us的感受，應用-ed結(jié)尾形容詞。故填astonished。 3.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still

29、it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs. Key:句意：雖然在上山的路上，這是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整個冒險，并且提供了一個你可以坐下來休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。分析句子及語境可知，此處應用現(xiàn)在分詞aching“正在疼痛的”修飾名詞legs，意為“疼痛的雙腿”。故填aching。 4.【2021·浙江高考卷】Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came o

30、ver 43 （plant） flowers in the front yard. Key:考查動詞不定式。句意：瑪麗的妹妹弗朗西絲·托德·華萊士經(jīng)常來前院種花。分析句子結(jié)構可知，設空處作狀語；根據(jù)句意可知，此處是目的狀語；目的狀語用動詞不定式表示；提示詞plant的不定式形式為to plant。故填to plant。 5.【2020·全國Ⅰ卷】Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Change-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitke

31、n basin. Key:to find?？疾閯釉~不定式。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構可知,此空處是非謂語動詞。結(jié)合句意可知,此處用不定式表示目的。 6.【2020?全國Ⅱ卷】They represent the earth 63.　　 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. Key：coming。考查非謂語動詞。represent表示“代表”,后面接動名詞的復合結(jié)構作賓語,此處指它們代表大地復蘇以及對新的開始的美好祝愿。 7.【2020?全國Ⅱ卷】They make great gifts and you see them m

32、any times 65.　　(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Key：decorated?？疾榉侵^語動詞。此處是“see+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構。them作see的賓語,指代橘樹,和decorate之間是被動關系,所以用過去分詞decorated作賓語補足語。 8.【2020?全國Ⅱ卷】They are easy 68.　　　　(care)for and make great presents. Key：to care?？疾榉侵^語動詞?！爸髡Z(具體的人或物)+be+形容詞+動詞不定式”是一個固定句

33、型,表示主語的特征,其中動詞不定式只能用主動形式。此句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換成it(形式主語)+be+形容詞+動詞不定式。 9.【2020?全國Ⅲ卷】The next morning he hired a boat and set out 　67　 (find) the well-known painter. Key:to find?？疾榉侵^語動詞。set out開始,著手,出發(fā)。表達的是主語的目的和行為,應填to do不定式,即to find。 10.【2020?全國Ⅲ卷】 And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft c

34、louds 　69　 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. Key:surrounding?？疾榉侵^語動詞，根據(jù)and可知前后為兩個非謂語動詞并列,與rising一致,作賓語補足語，與賓語clouds是主動關系，故用surrounding。 11.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】Visitors can play with computer simulations(模擬)and imaginethem living at a different time in history or 　43　 (walk)through a r

35、ainforest. Key:walking考查imagine(sb.) doing 的用法,同時有考查了并列結(jié)構。 12.【2019·全國卷Ⅰ】Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 　64　 (perform) consistently over a large area. Key:to perform?？疾閯釉~不定式。本句為主系表結(jié)構,后常跟不定式作狀語。 13.【2019·全國卷Ⅱ】When we

36、 got a call 69 (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke. Key:saying?？疾榉侵^語動詞。結(jié)合句意分析句子結(jié)構可知　　　 (say)she was short-listed作定語修飾前面的名詞call,且與call之間為邏輯上的主謂關系,故使用v.-ing形式。 14．【2018?全國卷Ⅱ】The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice________(improve) water quality. Key:to im

37、prove 15．【2018?全國卷Ⅱ】China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele. Key:feeding 16．【2018?全國卷Ⅲ】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look)

38、 directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged. Key:looking 17．【】2018?全國卷Ⅲ】Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay)and watch. Key:to stay 18．【2018?浙江】I still remember________(visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I________(shock) when I learnt she hadn't c

39、ooked once in all that time. Key:visiting /was shocked 19．【2018·北京改編】 _________(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. Key:traveling 20．【2018·北京改編)6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________(share) a meal, admire the moon a

40、nd enjoy moon cakes. Key: to share 21．【2018·北京改編】 Ordinary soap, ______ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. Key:used 22．【2018·天津改編】 I didn't mean ___________(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______(try) it. Key: to eat/trying 23．【2018·天津改編】I

41、need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs _________(take).Key:taken 24．【2018·江蘇改編】Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts. Key: exceeding(超出/過) 25．【2017·天津卷改編】The hospital has recently obtained new

42、 medical equipment, _____ (allow)more patients to be treated. Key: allowing 26．【2017·天津改編】 I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______(catch). Key:to catch 27．【2017·江蘇卷改編】Many Chinese brands, _______(develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challen

43、ges from the modern market. Key:having developed 28．【2017·北京卷改編】Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ (save)their valuable time. Key: to save 29．【2017·北京卷改編】The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _______(range)from butterflies to elephants.

44、Key: ranging 30．【2017·北京卷】Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______(spend)with his students. Key: spent 31．【2016·北京】 ________(make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. Key: To make (二)單句改錯練習（每句至多兩處錯誤） 1.【2021年全國甲卷】Their answers also show t

45、hat they dislike talk to others. Key:考查非謂語動詞。dislike doing sth. 表示不喜歡做某事。故talk 改為talking。 2.【2021年全國乙卷】 I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. Key:考查謂語動詞與非謂語動詞，此處混淆了謂語動詞與非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句中的and可知，water和tidy應為并列動作，都是謂語動詞，所以動詞形式應該保持一致。故把tidying改為tidy。 3.【2020

46、·全國卷I】My mom told me how to preparing it. Key:考查非謂語動詞。句意：我媽媽告訴我如何準備這道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的賓語，to是不定式符號，后應接動詞原形，故將preparing改為prepare。 4.【2020·全國卷I】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook. Key:考查非謂語動詞。句意：我喜歡吃西紅柿炒雞蛋。tomatoes與fry之間是被動關系，所以此處應用過去分詞作定語，故將frying

47、改為fried。 5.【2020·全國卷III】 I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things, we may become ill. Key:句意：我告訴我媽媽，如果我們被迫吃東西，我們可能會生病。be forced to do sth.被迫做某事，所以forced 后面加to。 6.【2019·全國卷III】 If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. Key:考查動詞的固定搭配。succeed in doing something“成功的做了某事”。故把manage 改為managing

48、。 7.【2019·全國卷III】I want my cafe have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty". Key:考查動詞的固定搭配。want sb to do sth“ 想要某人做某事”。故在have前加to。 8.【2018?卷Ⅰ】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. Key:sell--selling 9．【2018?卷Ⅱ】As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter

49、 how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. Key:watching--watch/劃掉 to 10．【2018?卷Ⅲ】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Key:wait--waiting 11．【2017·全國卷Ⅰ】The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slo

50、w down！” “Turning left！” key:turning--Turn 12．【201 7·全國卷Ⅱ】When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! Key:pick前加to 13．【2016年全國卷Ⅱ】My Classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. key: how--wha

51、t take--taking 14．【2016年全國卷Ⅲ】 I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Key: wear--wearing 15．【2015年浙江卷】I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. Key:sit--sitting 16．【2015年四川】It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some

52、 of the problems I have been experiencing. Key:want后加to 17．【2015年全國Ⅱ】After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. key:looks--looking/where--that 18．【2015年陜西】“I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.” key: get前

53、加to 19．【2014年全國卷II】All of us need friendship. The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. Key:trusting--trust 20．【2014年四川】Don’t panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Key:trying--try 21．【2014年陜西】He wanted tea

54、ch me about animals, insects and trees. Key:wanted后加to 22．【2014年陜西】One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Key:have--having (三)非謂語動詞語篇填空訓練 I found out one time that [1]________(do) a favour for someone could get you into trouble. I was in the eighth grade at the time and we

55、[2]____________(have) a final test. During the test, the girl [3]__________(sit) next to me whispered something but I did not understand. So I [4]_______(lean) over and found out that she was trying [5]_________(ask) me if I had an extra pen. She showed me that hers was out of ink. I happened [6]___

56、_______(have) an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk. Later, after the test papers [7]__________(turn) in, the teacher asked me [8]_________(stay) in the room when all the other students [9]___________(dismiss). As soon as we were alone she began [10]__________(talk) to

57、me about what it meant to grow up; she mentioned how important it was [11]________(stand) on your own two feet and be responsible for your own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and [12]____________(emphasize) the fact that when people do something dishonest, they are really treating th

58、emselves. She made me promise that I would think seriously about all the things she [13]____________(say), and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room [14]__________(wonder) why she had chosen to talk to me about all those things. Keys: 1.doing 2. were having 3. sitting 4. leaned 5. to ask 6. to have 7. had been turned 8. to stay 9. were dismissed 10. to talk 11. to stand 12. emphasized 13. had said 14. wondering