高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講與精練：第五章 動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

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1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講與精練：第五章 動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 第五章 動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)精講與精練 一、動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)講前練：在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~（1個(gè)） Mr. Green has a beautiful garden. He keeps an eye [1]_________ it carefully every day. He thinks it [2]__________ sense to plant some vegetables in it. And he keeps the vegetables free from chemicals, which does good [3]_____

2、____ his health. His neighbors look [4]________ to Mr. Green, who often turn [5]_________ him for advice when they come [6]_______ problems,which can’t be figured [7]_________ on their own. This accounts [8]__________ Mr. Green’s kindness and popularity. Last Sunday I paid a visit to Mr. Green. He

3、gave me some advice on how to get rid [9]______pests and take advantage [10]_________ the modern technology to produce tasty vegetables, which made me pleased. Keys:1.on 2.makes 3.to 4.up 5.to 6.across 7.out 8.for 9.of 10.of 【account for說(shuō)明，解釋，導(dǎo)致 figure out 弄清楚，弄明白，計(jì)算出，解決】 二、動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)精講：

4、 動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)1、動(dòng)詞的分類： 1.行為動(dòng)詞 (1)及物動(dòng)詞（可以直接帶賓語(yǔ)）He gave me some advice on how to get rid of pets. (2)不及物動(dòng)詞（不可以直接帶賓語(yǔ)） A traffic accident happened on the Hong Xing road yesterday. 2.系動(dòng)詞【系動(dòng)詞后常接形容詞做表語(yǔ)，不接副詞尤其是以ly結(jié)尾的副詞作表語(yǔ)】 1)、表示“是”的動(dòng)詞be。這個(gè)詞在不同的主語(yǔ)后面和不同的時(shí)態(tài)中有不同的形式，is，am，are，was，were，have/has been等要特別予以注意。

5、例如：He was a soldier two years ago.兩年前他是個(gè)士兵。 2)、表示“感覺”的動(dòng)詞，如look（看起來(lái)），feel（覺得，摸起來(lái)），smell（聞起來(lái)），sound（聽起來(lái)），taste（嘗起來(lái)）等，例如： The story sounds interesting.這個(gè)故事聽起來(lái)很有趣。 3)、表示“變”、“變成”的意思的動(dòng)詞，如become, go, get, grow, turn,come(true),fall(ill/asleep) 都解釋為“變”、“變得”，例如： She became a college student.=She turned c

6、ollege student.她成了一名大學(xué)生。 4)、表“保持和好像”等含義的動(dòng)詞如 keep,stay, remain，seem,appear,prove It is important to keep healthy. 3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can(could),must, may(might),should ，had better, would rather, have to【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須接動(dòng)詞原形】 4.助動(dòng)詞：這類詞本身無(wú)詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能與主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示不同的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、表示句子的否定和疑問(wèn)，例如： (1)do、does、did：構(gòu)成否定句或疑問(wèn)句【這類助

7、動(dòng)詞后必須接動(dòng)詞原形】 He does not speak English well.他英語(yǔ)講得不好。 （句中的does是助動(dòng)詞，既表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，又與not一起構(gòu)成否定形式。） (2)is、am、are、were、was：構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) Football is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球。 （句中的is 是助動(dòng)詞，和played一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。） (3)has、have、had：構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài) When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.當(dāng)我到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開始了。

8、 (4)will、shall、would:構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)【這類助動(dòng)詞后必須接動(dòng)詞原形】 I shall write to you again at the end of the month. 月底我再給你寫封信。 （shall與write構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí),shall用于將來(lái)時(shí)只用在I和we的后面。） 動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)2、?？几哳l動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 感知真題：在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~（1詞） 1.【2017天津卷改編】Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle_________, get married, and have ki

9、ds. Keys:down【settle down 定居;安頓下來(lái)】 2.【2017江蘇改編】Working with the medical team in Africa has brought_______ the best in her as a doctor. Keys:out 【bring out使顯現(xiàn)，出版，闡明】 3.【2016江蘇改編】Many businesses started up by college students have taken________thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation

10、. Keys:off 【take off起飛，成功，受歡迎】 4.【2016江蘇改編】Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage______the opportunity to join sports teams. Key:of 【 take advantage of 利用】 5.【2016浙江改編】12.When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt cut ______from the world. Keys: of

11、f 【cut off切斷】 動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)3、熟詞生義詞匯 翻譯下列句子并注意黑體字的含義 1.The school admits 200 new boys and girls every year. Key:學(xué)校每年招收200名新生。【admit:熟義：承認(rèn)，允許生義：招收，接納】 2.Book in advance if you want to be sure of a seat. Key:如果你要確保有座位，你就提前預(yù)定【book:熟義：書生義：預(yù)定】 3.A journalist was sent tocoverthe traffic accident. Key:一

12、個(gè)記者被派去采訪這次的交通事故?！綾over:熟義：覆蓋，封面，蓋子生義：采訪，涉及】 4.But she was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. Keys:但是她非常傷心，因?yàn)閬G失了幾卷還未沖洗的柯達(dá)膠卷?！緁ilm:熟義：電影生義：膠卷】【develop: 熟義：發(fā)展生義：沖洗】 5.The boy first showed promise as an athlete in primary school. Keys:這個(gè)男孩在上小學(xué)的時(shí)候就初

13、次顯示出成為運(yùn)動(dòng)員的潛力/希望?！緋romise:熟義：承諾生義：希望，跡象，預(yù)示】 三、動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)考技巧 重點(diǎn)要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上熟記常用動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的含義與用法。 四、考點(diǎn)精練 (一)完形填空（2021年新高考 I 卷） 【以此真題說(shuō)明動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是高考完形填空中的考查重點(diǎn)】 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用 第一節(jié)（共 15 小題；每小題 1 分，滿分 15 分）圖片 My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking

14、 factory.圖片 My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41 little bunny ( 兔子 ) cakes for all its 42throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 43help during our spring break, for which I had no44beyond listening to my

15、 favorite records. I’d45minimum wage. I’d see how a factory46. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their47.圖片 Our48in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49bunny from the belt. This was50th

16、an it sounds.51a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d 52.圖片 Dad 53. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood54food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you55the dol

17、lars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.圖片 41. A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved圖片 42. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens圖片 43. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary圖片 44. A. plans B. p

18、roblems C. excuses D. hobbies圖片 45. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest圖片 46. A. worked B. closed C. developedD. survived圖片 47. A. ambition B. permission C. experience D. invitation圖片 48. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. ch

19、oices圖片 49. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove圖片 50. A. harder B. betterC. longer D. cheaper圖片 51. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on圖片 52. A. indicated B. witnessed C. expected D. remembered圖片 53. A. cried B. s

20、miled C. hesitated D. refused圖片 54. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering圖片 55. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate圖片 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. C

21、 53. B 54. D 55. D圖片 動(dòng)詞考查統(tǒng)計(jì)：15道題中共9道題考查動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，可見動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的重要性。 【解析】圖片 【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講了在一次春假時(shí)，我去工廠打工賺錢，感觸頗多。父親認(rèn)為這種工作不僅能讓小孩子感謝得到的報(bào)酬，而且能夠?qū)W會(huì)尊重那些從事這項(xiàng)工作的人。圖片 【41題詳解】圖片考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父親是霍夫面包店的經(jīng)理，在復(fù)活節(jié)期間，這家面包店為克利夫蘭所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. sold銷售；B. ordered定制；C. made制作；D. reserved預(yù)定。根據(jù)“Our 48 in

22、 the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕，由此推知，這家面包店為克利夫蘭所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故選C。圖片 【42題詳解】圖片考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父親是霍夫面包店的經(jīng)理，在復(fù)活節(jié)期間，這家面包店為克利夫蘭所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭；C. schools學(xué)校；D.

23、 citizens市民。根據(jù)“throughout Cleveland”結(jié)合生活常識(shí)，可知這里指的是這家面包店為克利夫蘭所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故選A。圖片 【43題詳解】圖片考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：春假期間，市中心的工廠需要八個(gè)孩子臨時(shí)幫忙，我除了聽我最喜歡的唱片沒有別的計(jì)劃。A. generous慷慨的；B. financial財(cái)政的；C. technical技術(shù)的；D. temporary暫時(shí)的。根據(jù)“during our spring break”可知這是一份臨時(shí)性的工作。故選D。圖片 【44題詳解】圖片考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：春假期間，市中心的工廠需要八個(gè)孩子臨時(shí)幫忙，我除了聽

24、我最喜歡的唱片沒有別的計(jì)劃。A. plans計(jì)劃；B. problems問(wèn)題；C. excuses借口；D. hobbies愛好。根據(jù)“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知我沒有其他計(jì)劃。故選A。圖片【45題詳解】圖片考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我掙的是最低工資。A. offer提供；B. earn掙得； C. set放置；D. suggest建議。根據(jù)“minimum wage”可知我掙的是最低工資。故選B。圖片 【46題詳解】圖片考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我想看看工廠是如何運(yùn)作的。A. worked運(yùn)作；B. closed關(guān)閉；C. devel

25、oped發(fā)展；D. survived幸存。根據(jù)“I'd see how a factory”可知這里意思是我想看看工廠是如何運(yùn)作的。故選A。圖片 【47題詳解】圖片考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的父母認(rèn)為這一切都是一個(gè)偉大的主意，并打電話給Betsy的父親，得到了他們的同意。A. ambition抱負(fù)；B. permission允許；C. experience經(jīng)歷；D. invitation邀請(qǐng)。根據(jù)“Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply

26、 icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知我們已經(jīng)在工廠工作了，所以必然是得到了他們的同意。故選B。圖片 【48題詳解】圖片考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們?cè)诠S的任務(wù)很簡(jiǎn)單：把蛋糕放在移動(dòng)的傳送帶上。附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子從傳送帶上拿下來(lái)。A. joys歡樂；B. ideas觀點(diǎn)；C. roles任務(wù)；D. choices選擇。根據(jù)“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from th

27、e belt.”可知這是我們的任務(wù)。故選C。圖片 【49題詳解】圖片考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們?cè)诠S的任務(wù)很簡(jiǎn)單：把蛋糕放在移動(dòng)的傳送帶上。附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子從傳送帶上拿下來(lái)。A. Save節(jié)??；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止；D. Remove移動(dòng)。根據(jù)“bunny from the belt.”可知這里意思是把兔子從傳送帶上拿下來(lái)。故選D。圖片 【50題詳解】圖片考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這比聽起來(lái)難多了。A. harder更難的；B. better更好的；C. longer更長(zhǎng)的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根據(jù)“51 a bit and the cakes pi

28、le up.”可知這項(xiàng)工作比聽起來(lái)更難。故選A。圖片 【51題詳解】圖片考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：慢一點(diǎn)，蛋糕就堆起來(lái)了。A. Calm down平靜下來(lái)；B. Slow down慢一點(diǎn)；C. Stay on繼續(xù)停留；D. Move on往前走。根據(jù)“and the cakes pile up”可知這里意思是慢一點(diǎn)，就會(huì)造成蛋糕堆積起來(lái)的后果。故選B。圖片 【52題詳解】圖片考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：正如我在第一個(gè)晚上的晚餐上告訴父母的那樣，一切都比我預(yù)料的要緊張。A. indicated表明；B. witnessed目擊；C. expected預(yù)料；D. remembered記得。根據(jù)“Th

29、is was 50 than it sounds. 51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知工作的實(shí)際情況比我預(yù)料的要緊張。故選C。圖片 【53題詳解】圖片考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：父親笑了。A. cried哭了；B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated猶豫；D. refused拒絕。根據(jù)“The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood 54 food in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work

30、that made you 55 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”結(jié)合生活常識(shí)，可知父親看到我在第一次掙錢的經(jīng)歷中有所感悟和收獲，聯(lián)想到自己童年時(shí)類似的經(jīng)歷，父親會(huì)心的笑了。故選B。圖片 【54題詳解】圖片考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個(gè)雜貨商的兒子，他童年的夏天都在新澤西的貝馬茲維爾送外賣。A. tasting品嘗；B. finding找到；C. sharing分享；D. delivering送貨。根據(jù)“The son of a grocer”可知作為一個(gè)雜貨商的兒子，他童

31、年的夏天都在新澤西的貝馬茲維爾送外賣。故選D。圖片 【55題詳解】圖片考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他告訴我，這種工作能讓你感激得到的報(bào)酬，并尊重那些從事這項(xiàng)工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐贈(zèng)；C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣賞。根據(jù)“the dollars you earned”結(jié)合生活常識(shí)，可知孩子們會(huì)感激并且非常珍惜自己勞動(dòng)得到的報(bào)酬。故選D。圖片 (二)單句語(yǔ)法填空訓(xùn)練 1.【2021·全國(guó)甲卷】The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chi

32、na's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty. Key: was built 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：它最初是為了保護(hù)唐代的城市而建造的。分析句子可知，空格處為謂語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞build和主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（be done），根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the Tang dynasty可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，主語(yǔ)it為第三人稱單數(shù)，主謂一致，故填was built。 2.【2021·全國(guó)乙卷】Minimize the impact of 67

33、 (visit)the place. Key:visiting 句意：最大限度地減少拜訪這個(gè)地方的影響。根據(jù)空格前介詞of可知，空格處應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞形式來(lái)作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。故填visiting。 知識(shí)拓展：介詞賓語(yǔ)如果是及物動(dòng)詞，常用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；但在語(yǔ)法填空題中，如果給的詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，則考慮變?yōu)槊~。如： 變式練：Maximize the impact of 67 (educate). Key: education 句意：將教育的影響最大化。根據(jù)空格前介詞of可知，空格處應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞，名詞或代詞來(lái)作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，但由于給的詞educate在句中是不及物動(dòng)詞，故填

34、名詞形式education。 3.【2021·浙江高考卷】After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 45 （sell）most of their furniture. Key: sold 考查并列句式的動(dòng)詞形式。and前面的并列的動(dòng)詞rented用的是過(guò)去式，sell同樣要用過(guò)去式。 4.【2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷】“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown Universit

35、y, says, “because itmeans we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct).” Key: is constructed 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:月球是如何形成[修建]的；根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。解這道題的關(guān)鍵是要了解一下兩點(diǎn)：①construct一詞的含義；②construct是及物動(dòng)詞。 5.【2020?全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】Chinese New Year is a 61.　　　　 (celebrate) marking the end of

36、 the winter season and the beginning of spring. Key:celebration?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前面的不定冠詞a可知此處需要名詞,空后面的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞celebration。 知識(shí)拓展：①--tion和--sion是兩個(gè)常用的動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴。②冠詞一般是用在名詞前面，反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)就是：冠詞后面一般要用名詞。 6.【2019·浙江6月卷】But some students didn’t want 63.　　　 (wear) the uniform. Key:to wear 考查固定搭配，want to do sth.想做某事

37、。 7.The witness left ________ an important detail when describing the accident. Key: out 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)leave out 遺漏。 8.I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening,but there must be something wrong with the network;I can’t seem to get______________. key:through 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) get through 接通電話。 9.---It ______

38、___sense to plant trees and grass on the hillside. ---Yes,They help stop soil from being washed away. Key:makes 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)make sense 有意義。 10.My camera can’t be _________(adjust) to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.Key:adjusted 11.Kiki will give up the job and have to find some other work

39、because he can't put up _______ this loud noise any longer. Key: with 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)put up with忍受。 12.He burst _________laughing, and it was some time before he could control himself. Key: out 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)burst out 突然爆發(fā)。 13.Nowadays,people have to deal__________ natural disasters caused by global warning. Ke

40、y: with 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)deal with處理。 14.【2018·全國(guó)I】You don't have to run fast or for long______(see)the benefit. key to see考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。 15.【2018·全國(guó)I】You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ______ (die) early by running. Key:dying ，此處不能填名詞death，因?yàn)橛懈痹~early修飾，副詞是修飾動(dòng)詞而不是修飾名詞的，故此處填動(dòng)名詞

41、。 16. 【2018·全國(guó)II】Since 2011,the country _____（grow）more corn than rice. Key: has grown 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),含有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。 17. 【2018·全國(guó)II】The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _____ (improve) water quality. Key: to improve 考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民們種植更多的玉米而不是水稻來(lái)提高水質(zhì)；此處是目的狀語(yǔ)，故填to improve。 18. 【2018·全國(guó)III】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid [1] _______(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged. key:looking 考查固定搭配 avoid doing 避免做....