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1、第八課時(shí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1.(2016浙江高考)Silk _ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. A.had become B.was becoming C.has become D.is becoming 答案A句意：到大約公元前 100 年時(shí)絲綢已成為沿絲綢之路進(jìn)行交易的主要貨物之一。by過去時(shí)間作狀語，謂語應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知選A。感 悟 高 考2.(2016北京高考)Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred. A.works
2、B.has worked C.was working D.would work 答案C句意：杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作這時(shí)突然停電了。此題考查句型be doing.when.結(jié)構(gòu)。由occurred可知停電是發(fā)生在過去的某一具體時(shí)刻，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，選C。3.(2016北京高考)Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for? The new Star Wars.We _ here for more than two hours. A.waited B.wait C.would be waiting D.have been waiting 答案D句意：請問，你們在
3、等哪場電影？最新的星際大戰(zhàn)，我們在這兒已經(jīng)等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。由句中時(shí)間狀語for more than two hours 可知，動(dòng)作從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生直接影響，且動(dòng)作還可能延續(xù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選D。4.(2016北京高考)I _ half of the English novel，and Ill try to finish it at the weekend. A.read B.have read C.am reading D.will read 答案B句意：我已經(jīng)讀完這本英文小說的一半了，我會爭取在周末讀完。前一分句表示到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。5
4、.(2016北京高考)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end. A.rewarded B.were rewarded C.will reward D.will be rewarded 答案D句意：學(xué)生們一直努力學(xué)習(xí)他們的功課，他們的努力終將得到成功的回報(bào)。由句意可知，reward這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在have been working之后，故用將來時(shí)態(tài)，reward和efforts之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選D。6.(2016天津
5、高考)When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I _ for years. A.didnt see B.havent seen C.hadnt seen D.wouldnt see 答案C多年未見發(fā)生在在大街上遇見David之前，而came across表明遇見David是發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，故空處表示“過去的過去”，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考 點(diǎn) 清 單規(guī)則 表示現(xiàn)在的情況、狀態(tài)及經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或不按照時(shí)間的變化而發(fā)生變化的動(dòng)作。There are buses to the station every ten
6、 minutes.每十分鐘就有一趟公共汽車去車站。規(guī)則 表示客觀真理或科學(xué)事實(shí)。Its known that the earth goes round the sun.眾所周知，地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。規(guī)則 用在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語從句中以及談?wù)摪从?jì)劃或時(shí)間表安排的活動(dòng)時(shí)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。I will discuss this with you when we meet next time.下次見面時(shí)咱們再討論這個(gè)問題。The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.航班每個(gè)星期三、星期五2：30起飛?？键c(diǎn)二一般過去時(shí)規(guī)則 表示過去
7、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。At that time，he worked as a teacher to support the family.那段時(shí)間他靠教書養(yǎng)家。規(guī)則 表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。I always got up late，and never had enough time for breakfast.我總是起床很晚，從來沒有足夠的時(shí)間吃早飯。規(guī)則 在時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從句中，表示過去將來的動(dòng)作。They said they would inform me if they heard any news about him.他們說如果聽到任何關(guān)于他的消
8、息，就通知我?？键c(diǎn)三一般將來時(shí)規(guī)則 一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，或在現(xiàn)在看來即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與時(shí)間狀語tomorrow，next week，in a few days等連用。We will have an important meeting tomorrow.我們明天要開一個(gè)重要的會議。規(guī)則 “祈使句and/or陳述句”句型中，陳述句常用一般將來時(shí)。Study hard and you will pass the exam.努力學(xué)習(xí)你就會通過考試的。規(guī)則 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如go，come，leave，die等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 “The moment
9、 is coming soon，” he thought to himself，waiting nervously.“這一刻就要來到了，”他自思自忖，緊張地等待著。規(guī)則 表示臨時(shí)決定用will。Do you know Mr.Smith has come to our town?No，I will go and visit him right now.你知道史密斯先生來我們鎮(zhèn)了嗎？不知道。我現(xiàn)在就去看他。規(guī)則 “be to do” 和“be going to動(dòng)詞原形”表示“計(jì)劃、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to還可表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象對未來進(jìn)行推斷。be about to do表示馬上
10、就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為“正要”，不和具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。The meeting is to take place at nine this morning.會議將于早上9點(diǎn)召開。Sit down，everyone.The film is about to start.大家坐好，電影馬上就要開始了。Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.看這些烏云，要下雨了?？键c(diǎn)四現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)規(guī)則 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，還可表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Hurry up，kids! The school bus is waiting for us!孩子們，快點(diǎn)
11、！校車在等我們！The people all over the world are fighting against pollution.全世界的人們都在和污染作斗爭。規(guī)則 常與always，constantly，continually，forever (for ever) 等副詞連用，表達(dá)說話者生氣、贊揚(yáng)、同情、不滿、驚訝等感情色彩。Tom is always coming late for meetings，which makes his boss very angry.湯姆開會老是遲到，這使他的老板很生氣。考點(diǎn)五過去進(jìn)行時(shí)規(guī)則 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。She was telep
12、honing a friend when I came in.當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí)她正給一個(gè)朋友打電話。規(guī)則 表示在過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但談話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。I was living in the schools dormitory when I was in middle school.我上高中時(shí)一直住在學(xué)校的宿舍里。規(guī)則 與always，constantly，continually，forever等副詞連用表示贊美或討厭的感情色彩。The little boy was continually asking his brother the same question，which ma
13、de his brother bored(厭煩).這個(gè)小男孩總是問他哥哥同一個(gè)問題，這讓他哥哥厭煩。Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others.He never thought of himself first.雷鋒同志總是先想著他人，而不是自己。規(guī)則 動(dòng)詞plan，expect，come，go，leave等的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She told me that she was leaving for Italy the next day.她告訴我她第二天就出發(fā)去意大利?？键c(diǎn)六將來進(jìn)行時(shí)規(guī)則 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)將來某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間
14、內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Ill be flying to Beijing at two oclock this afternoon.今天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘我將飛往北京?？键c(diǎn)七現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)規(guī)則 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。常與以下時(shí)間狀語連用：already，yet，just，since，so far，recently，lately，up to now，until/till now，in the last/past few years。In the past few years，great changes have taken place in my hometow
15、n.在過去的幾年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。規(guī)則 在條件、時(shí)間或讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)之前已完成的動(dòng)作。When you have learned English，you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)英語之后，你將找到一條通往豐富知識的橋梁。規(guī)則 下列情況下常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：It is/has been一段時(shí)間since從句It is twenty years since Ive seen her.我已經(jīng)二十年沒見她了。This/That/It is the first/second.time that現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This i
16、s the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema as a family.這是我們?nèi)业谝淮蔚诫娪霸嚎措娪啊t/This is the best/worst/most interesting等名詞從句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This is the most interesting novel he has ever written.這是他寫得最有趣的一部小說。考點(diǎn)八過去完成時(shí)規(guī)則 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”；或延續(xù)至過去某一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。I found the lecture hard to follow beca
17、use it had started when I arrived.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)報(bào)告很難懂，因?yàn)楫?dāng)我到的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)開始了。規(guī)則 表示本打算做但事實(shí)上并未做成某事。常見的有此用法的動(dòng)詞有：hope，want，mean，suppose，intend，plan，think，expect等。I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at that moment.我本打算幫你的，但當(dāng)時(shí)我太忙了。規(guī)則 在“no sooner.than.”或“hardly/scarcely.when.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。Hardly had the speake
18、r finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演講者一結(jié)束他的講話，觀眾就不停地向他提問。規(guī)則 It/That/This was the first/second.timethat從句，that從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。That was the first time that I had passed the exam.那是我第一次考試及格。規(guī)則 It was/had been一段時(shí)間since從句，since從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。It was ten years since we had had
19、such a wonderful time.我們有10年沒那么高興過了?？键c(diǎn)九將來完成時(shí)規(guī)則主要表示某一動(dòng)作到將來某個(gè)時(shí)間完成，上下文情景中常含有by短語，如by six oclock，by the weekend，by the end of next month等。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.你到家時(shí)我將已把房子徹底打掃一遍了?？键c(diǎn)十現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)規(guī)則現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)間，并且還在進(jìn)行。Where have you b
20、een? We have been looking for you everywhere.你剛才去哪里了？我們一直在到處找你。I have been ringing you several times in two days.這兩天內(nèi)我給你打過幾次電話。動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)考點(diǎn)一被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣?，F(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞do為例列表如下： 時(shí)時(shí)體體現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去將來將來過去將來過去將來一般一般is/am/are donew a s / w e r e donewill/shall be donewo
21、uld/should be done進(jìn)行進(jìn)行is/am/are being donew a s / w e r e being done完成完成have/has beendoneh a d b e e n donewill/shall have been donewould/should have been doneSome new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。Enough has been done for you，but youve made little progress.為你做了很多，然而你進(jìn)步卻很小。This progra
22、mme has been broadcast by the local radio station many times.這個(gè)節(jié)目被當(dāng)?shù)仉娕_播放了多次。規(guī)則 “get過去分詞”表示被動(dòng)She got paid before she went on a holiday.她在休假前領(lǐng)到了工資?？键c(diǎn)二含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語變化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can，may，must，have to等)be動(dòng)詞的-ed形式。He must be prevented from going.必須阻止他去?？键c(diǎn)三主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的用法規(guī)則 “系動(dòng)詞look，sound，feel，smell，taste，seem，g
23、o，prove，turn，become，get，keep形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。This shirt feels much softer than that one.這件襯衫摸起來比那件襯衫柔軟得多。規(guī)則 表示主語的某種屬性特征的不及物動(dòng)詞，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，shut等，可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。The door wont open，so we will ask a repairman to open it.這門打不開，所以我們請修理工打開它。規(guī)則 動(dòng)詞want，need，require，deserve后接不定式
24、的被動(dòng)形式或動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式意義相同。I had my mobile phone repaired two days ago，but it needs repairing/to be repaired again now.我兩天前修理了我的手機(jī)，但現(xiàn)在還需要再修理。1.利用試題中提供的時(shí)間狀語確定時(shí)態(tài)解 題 策 略時(shí)態(tài)往往和一些特定的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：every., sometimes, at.，on Sunday等常和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用；.ago，the other day，in 2006, last week, just now等常和一般過去時(shí)連用；now，at present，at this
25、 time等常和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用；tomorrow，next week，in 時(shí)間段等常和一般將來時(shí)連用；by the end of last week，before I went there等常標(biāo)志著過去完成時(shí)。同時(shí)要注意，像副詞always, forever, constantly等常與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表示說話者的贊揚(yáng)、批評、生氣等語氣。Why do you know the company so well?Oh，I _ there for three years.A.worked B.would workC.had worked D.was working答案A有些考生認(rèn)為“for three
26、 years”是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志，于是誤選C。其實(shí)，過去完成時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前的情況，顯然與語境不符，因此正確答案為A。2.利用上下文語境推測時(shí)態(tài)很多試題中沒有時(shí)間狀語，但是我們可以從試題所提供的語言環(huán)境或上下文來推測出動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間或從雙方的交談中“捕捉”到時(shí)間點(diǎn)，這就要求學(xué)生要有宏觀把握句子和分析句子的能力。Were you surprised by the ending of the film?No.I _ the book，so I already knew the story.A.was reading B.had readC.am reading D.have read答案B句意
27、：你對這部電影的結(jié)局驚訝嗎？不，我已經(jīng)讀過這本書，早知道結(jié)局了。從上下文句意看，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。3.利用時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)來把握時(shí)態(tài)若主句是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)常用與過去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)(表客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理的從句總用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))；若主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制，可根據(jù)需要選用時(shí)態(tài)。在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中，若主句為一般將來時(shí)，從句往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，或主句為過去時(shí)，則從句也用相對應(yīng)的過去時(shí)。If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you _ fresh watermelon in the fall.A.eat B.wou
28、ld eatC.have eaten D.will be eating答案D句意：如果你春天播下西瓜種子，那么(整個(gè))秋天就會吃上新鮮的西瓜了。因?yàn)閺木溆昧艘话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，那么主句就要用一般將來時(shí)。因in the fall在此句中意為“在整個(gè)秋天”，相當(dāng)于during the fall，強(qiáng)調(diào)了完整的時(shí)間段，故用will be eating將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示在未來一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。4.固定搭配法判斷語態(tài)英語中有許多固定短語，如make use of, pay attention to, find fault with, take care of, take advanta
29、ge of, keep pace with等，在試題中，常把短語中的名詞拿出來作句子的主語，剩下的動(dòng)詞作謂語動(dòng)詞，如果能夠看出它們構(gòu)成固定的動(dòng)詞短語，則問題迎刃而解。The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.A.is made B.would makeC.was to be made D.had made答案C句意：在澳大利亞發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金這件事情使成千上萬的人相信要發(fā)財(cái)了。thousands在此處指代成千上萬的人，由led的時(shí)態(tài)可知A項(xiàng)不符合句意；而had made為過去完成時(shí)，發(fā)生在l
30、ed動(dòng)作之前，不符合語境；would make應(yīng)該為would be made；故只有was to be made正確。5.用習(xí)慣表達(dá)法確定語態(tài)在英語中有一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)，它們往往用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，如need/want/require/deserve doing need/want/require/deserve to be done，be worth doing.等，在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，要注意歸納和總結(jié)。Would you please make up a topic worth _ in tomorrows conference?A.discussing B.to be discussedC.to discussed D.being discussed答案Aworth作后置定語，修飾the topic；worth后常用doing，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。
高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 基礎(chǔ)語法 第八課時(shí) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件 牛津譯林版
