畢 業(yè) 設 計 （論文） 任 務 書所在學院 機電學院 專業(yè) 機械設計制造及其 自動化 班級學生姓名 學號 指導教師題 目 基于 UG CAD/CAM 的箱體 wl 制造一、畢業(yè)設計（論文）工作內容與基本要求：箱體零件為大批量生產。在對箱體零件進行零件圖分析和工藝分析的基礎上，制定零件加工工藝規(guī)程，設計 1-2 套工裝夾具，數控編程。具體要求：1．查閱文獻資料不少于 12 篇，其中外文資料不少于 2 篇。文獻翻譯不少于2000 字，文獻綜述不少于 3000 字。2．繪制箱體零件和毛坯圖。3．制定零件加工工藝規(guī)程。4．設計工序加工中所采用工裝夾具 1-2 套，繪制 2D、3D-CAD 裝配圖及部分主要零件圖。 5．數控加工需手工或自動編制數控加工程序。 6．撰寫 1 萬字以上設計說明書一份，繪圖量為三張 A0 圖紙。二、畢業(yè)論文進度計劃畢業(yè)設計（論文）時間： 2011 年 07 月 01 日至 2012 年 02 月 01 日其中：1、2011 年 09 月，開學前完成文獻資料查閱。翻譯外文論文，撰寫文獻綜述。2、2011 年 09 月 20 日，提交開題報告。3、2011 年 11 月 01 日，完成畢業(yè)設計（論文）第一稿。4、2011 年 12 月 01 日，完成畢業(yè)設計（論文）第二稿。計 劃 答 辯 時 間： 2011 年 04 月 01 日三、專業(yè)（教研室）審批意見：審批人（簽字）：機械與電氣工程學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文翻譯所在學院： 班 級： 姓 名： 學 號： 指導教師： 合作導師： 年 12 月 9 日原文：DCS-Based Process Control Simulating SystemAbstract: A distributed control system (DCS) based on two-layer networks for experimental teaching is presented in this paper. Three sets of equipments are used as process objects with their parameters such as pressure, temperature, level and flow rate being controlled variables. This system has multiform training functions. Students can not only set up basic experiments about the process control, but can also design complicated control system. The result of 4 years' use shows: it is an ideal engineering simulating system for students major in industrial automation. Key Words: DCS, process control, simulating system, experimental teaching, network 1.INTRODUCTIONControl education is an integral part of the community's activities and one of its most important mechanisms for transition and impact. In 1998, the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the IEEE Control Systems Society (CSS) jointly sponsored a workshop in control engineering education which made a number of recommendations for improving control education . One of them is about experiments. Experiments continue to form an important part of a control education and projects should form an integral part of the curriculum for both undergraduate and graduate students . The idea of using distributed control system for process control emerged in the 1970s. Now it is widely used in manufacturing,chemicalindustry,papermaking, textile, food processing,power,etc.DCS integrating advanced computer, control, communications and CRT technologies has played an important role in raising technological level, reducing cost, and making production more flexible and integrated. So, it is very important to establish a DCS simulating system in university. We have set up the system in 2002. The system can bring more understanding of real-world problems to the students. 2.SYSTEM BUILDUPMost modern industrial process control system adopts two-layer network topological structure. The lower one- field bus comes close to the process and the upper one-Ethernet mainly locates inside control room. Such structure disperses control and centralizes management and operation. Our system bases just this structure with the benefits of letting students familiar with current industrial network control. As shown in Figure 1, our system consists of 16 operator stations, one I/O station and 3 sets of process equipments. 2.1 The Distributed Computer System From Figure 1 we can see that the distributed computer system is connected by two-layer networks. The monitoring network is implemented via 10M/100M pen Ethernet. The TCP/IP protocol is used. The buses connected by I/O stations and operator stations are information channels for plantwide supervision and control. According to the specifications of a process, the web server linked to Internet can also be set to achieve remote monitor. This network is arranged redundantly so the system proves reliable. The field network interconnected by I/O station and its I/O modules uses Profibus-DP and transmits a variety of information and parameters in real time. The operator stations are general-purpose PCs. They act as engineering stations when used for off-line configuration, so 16 students can program at the same time. While for on-line use the students can monitor and control the process on these PCs. The I/O station is a domestic product developed by Beijing Hollysys Co., Ltd. Its design adopts standardization and modularization.The I/O station based on high-performance microprocessors and mature control algorithms can response as soon as possible to the internal and external events. It has 5 local modules i.e. two FM148 analog input cards, one FM151 analog output ard, one FM161 digital input card and one FM171 digital output card. Each card has particular microprocessor responsible for its control, test, calculation and diagnosis, thus, enhancing its selfcontrol level and dramatically improve its reliability and safety. The station or modules can be shifted without disturbance in case of trouble. Therefore, the system is able to control in real time and with high quality. 2.2Process Equipments Process control is an important course of automatic major . After learning the theories in the classroom, the students have an eager for digesting and understanding. The control community has a strong history of impact on many important problems and industry involvement will be critical for the eventual success of the future directions. How to imitate industrial process is an important concern. We have built 3 sets of equipments representing pressure process, level process, temperature and flow rate process individually. The three sets of equipments can also be used for normal instrumentation control or direct digital control. All the connections are wired to the panel, so does the I/O station. The process equipments can be flexibly linked to different controller by plug contacts on the panels. There are different kinds of transducers installed on the process to provide a variety of signals such as tempera-ture, level, pressure and flow rate .These signals are analog inputs to DCS. The final operating elements include electric heater, switching components and control valves . DCS outputs analog or digital signals to the elements. The combination of the process equipments with the distributed computer system explores the frontiers of control, including increased use of computing, communications and networking, as well as exploration of control in application domains3.SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION AND OPERATIONIn the computer-control field, it has been customary to overcome some of the programming problems by providing table-driven software. A user of the DCS is provided with a configuration package that allows the user to generate a DCS system simply by configuring, so very little effort is needed to program. The package providing device, database, control scheme, graph and report forms configuration is run off-line on the engineering station. Configuration of the DCS is implemented from up to down by conforming to hardware structure. It is divided into the following 5 steps : Devices registration to configure system hardware, including: the number of I/O stations or operator stations along with their network addresses and each I/O station's hardware such as data transmission card, I/O card;Database configuration to define signal points and parameters set;Control scheme configuration classified as conventional configuration which provides many control blocks like feedback, cascade, ratio and self-defined one that is programmed in real time control language similar to BASIC;Graph configuration to make various pictures such as survey, standard display, adjust, control, trend, flow chart, alarm displayed on high-resolution color CRT and compound windows more abundant and menu-function more live; this configuration to configure diagrams for operator to monitor and control the process in real-time;Report forms configuration to provide statistic report of the process. Before running the software, all the configurations must be compiled, linked and downloaded to the operators where several networked PC sharing the overall workload are able to monitor and control all aspects of process from a variety of live displays and friend interactions. Or the operator will run the system downloaded last time. The operator is extended with flat sealed film keyboard, touch screen, and global mouse to let operations easier. Through the man-machine interaction the process data can be collected, analyzed, recorded and controlled in real time; the system structure and configure loops can be modified on line; local breakdown can be fixed on line. Once the process is abnormal, the hardware will self diagnose and inform the operator stations that personnel around the field find the breakdown and that the indicator lamps on cards on I/O station shows the fault location. Such dual means of indication together with breakdown alarm and hot plug-in plug-out make it possible to fix breakdown on line and to run system safely and reliably.4 .EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS Our DCS simulating system can train 16 students at the same time. The training functions are versatile from hardware and software configuration to complicated system design and debug. By I/O station 11 inputs from the 3 sets of equipments are measured and controlled, 7 control valves and 1 electric heater of the processes are manipulated in real time to implement temperature, pressure, level and flow rate control, breakdowns are detected and the system is maintained. Live measured values and status indications reveal the current situation. Process operators monitor and control the long-distance processes from their own consoles . The students operate the system as if they are in the real-world industrial automation. The flow chart of temperature and flow rate control sys-tem is shown in Figure 2. T1, T2 are measured temperature of the inner and outer water tank. FT1, FT2 are flow rate of the water into the inner and outer tank. WVL1 and WVL2 are two outputs from the I/O station to change the open range of the valves. ZK is a switch for turning on or off the electric heater. This system control is made up of 2 single variable closed-loops (T1-control and FTI Control),1cascade (T1-T2) and 1proportion(FT1-FT2) loop.All loops adopt normal PID which parameters can be dynamic adjusted from the operator station. The four control loops and main chart of the system can be easily shifted by pressing the buttons on the bottom of the graph as shown in Fig 2.5 .CONCLUSIONThe result of 4 years' use for both undergraduate and graduate shows: experimental training is especially efficient to help students understand the technique of industry process, the dynamic characters of the control system and to improve students' ability to operate and control the process. The convenient hardware connections make the DCS teaching system easily operated and the effortless software configuration renders different control algorithms implemented flexibly. Besides basic experiments about the process control, students have also designed complex control system to meet stricter product specifications. 譯文：基于 DCS 過程控制仿真系統(tǒng)摘要本文提出的是一個建立在實驗教學雙層網絡上的分布式控制系統(tǒng)（DCS） 。其中配備三套設備，用于監(jiān)測實驗過程對象中自身的流量、水平、溫度的次數變量。該系統(tǒng)具有多種形式的培訓職能，學生不僅可以設立有關控制程序的基本實驗，而且還可以設計復雜的控制系統(tǒng)。經過 4 年的使用結果表明：DCS 過程控制仿真系統(tǒng)是一個非常理想的工程模擬系統(tǒng)，我們可以利用它做工業(yè)自動化的學習研究。關鍵詞：DCS、過程控制，仿真系統(tǒng)，實驗教學，網絡1.緒論控制系統(tǒng)的教育機構是社會體系中的組成部分，在有舉足輕重的位置，它是一個重要的轉變和影響機制。在 1998 年，美國國家科學基金會（NSF）和電氣和電子工程師控制系統(tǒng)協會（CSS）聯合舉辦教育控制工程教育研討會，本提出了如何改善控制系統(tǒng)的教育機構的若干建議，其中就有關于實驗的提議。研究人員表明 DCS 過程控制系統(tǒng)應當始終作為控制系統(tǒng)學習的重要組成部分，應作為對本科生和研究生課程的組成部分。上世紀 70 年代，分布式控制系統(tǒng)就出現在過程控制應用之中。到現在，它被廣泛用于制造，化工，造紙，紡織，食品加工，電力等各種領域。分布式控制系統(tǒng)結合了先進的計算機，控制，通信和 CRT 技術，為生產技術水平不斷提高，減少成本起到重要的作用，使得生產更具有靈活性和綜合性。如此看來，我們在大學期間，建立一個 DCS 仿真系統(tǒng)是非常重要的。在 2002 年，我們成功建立了這個系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)的建立，可以讓學生更多的了解實際遇到的問題。2.系統(tǒng)建立大多數現代工業(yè)過程控制系統(tǒng)都是采用兩層網絡拓撲結構。系統(tǒng)采用一個較低的現場總線來關閉進程，用一個以太網來控制整個系統(tǒng)操作，使用這種分散式結構控制和集中管理和運作。我們的系統(tǒng)就是基于這樣的機構上，可以更有利于學生熟悉目前的工業(yè)控制。如圖 1，我們的系統(tǒng)包括 16 個操作站，一個I / O 站和 3 套加工設備2.1 分布式計算機系統(tǒng)我們從圖 1 的分布式計算機系統(tǒng)可以看出，分布式計算機系統(tǒng)是由 2 層網絡連接組成。該監(jiān)測網絡是通過 10M/100M 以太網實施控制，并在 TCP / IP 協議下使用。系統(tǒng)由總線連接各個 I/O 站點，操作員站連接所有信息渠道，可以在整個系統(tǒng)范圍進行監(jiān)督和控制。依據整個過程的結構，在網絡服務器鏈接到互聯網的條件下，也可以設置實現遠程控制。該網絡采用冗余安排，以便使得系統(tǒng)絕對的可靠。外部網絡通過 I/O 總站連接到系統(tǒng)，并在 I/O 模塊中使用現場總線段落準確的傳輸各種信息和參數操作站作為工程總站，通過主機的控制，在不在現場的情況下，可以讓 16名學生同時進行工程訓練，而且學生可以使用電腦程序通過網絡對這些操作進程監(jiān)視和控制。該系統(tǒng) I/O 控制站是基于北京和利時發(fā)展有限公司的產品，它的設計采用標準化和模塊化。該 I / O 站的基于高性能微處理器和成熟的控制算法，能盡快回應系統(tǒng)內部和外部的各種操作。它由 5 個本地模塊組成，即兩個FM148 模擬輸入卡，一 FM151 模擬輸出卡，一卡 FM161 數字輸入和一個FM171 數字輸出卡。每個卡都具有其特定的微處理器，負責不同的控制，測試，計算和診斷，由此來加強系統(tǒng)自身的控制水平，大大提高了它的可靠性和安全性。在糟糕的情況下，這樣的控制站可以一直啟動無干擾模式。由此可見，這樣的系統(tǒng)可以保證高品質的且非常準確的控制2.2 工藝設備過程控制是一個非常重要并且艱巨的工程。學生通過課堂理論學習之后，需要進一步去消化和理解。而這個控制系統(tǒng)在過去很多年里影響到很多重要事件，而在未來的發(fā)展方向主要與各個行業(yè)的合作，這將是最終取得成功的關鍵。如何去模仿工業(yè)過程是一個重要的問題。我們已建立 3 個獨立設備，分別用于代表壓力加工設備，工藝水平，溫度和流量水平。并且這 3 套的設備也可用于正常儀表控制或直接數字控制。所有設備都通過線路連接到控制面板，同時也連接到 I/O 站點，并且可以自由的與控制面板上的任何插頭連接。在過程控制系統(tǒng)中安裝有各種不同的傳感器，用于監(jiān)測如溫度，真實姿態(tài)，液位，壓力和流量，給控制站反饋多種信息。這些信息通過模擬輸入到 DCS，然后通過電熱水器，開關元件，和控制閥等操作元件控制整個過程，形成一個反饋系統(tǒng)。然后集散控制系統(tǒng)輸出模擬或數字信號的元素。這套控制系統(tǒng)設備是與分布式計算機控制系統(tǒng)結合而進行的前沿探索，包括增加使用的計算，通信和網絡，以及在應用程序的控制等等。3.軟件配置和運行在計算機控制領域，已經克服了驅動軟件編程的一些問題。DCS 系統(tǒng)為用戶提供一個配置包，允許生成一個簡單的 DCS 系統(tǒng)配置，所以用戶可以很輕松的設計方案。這個提供有設備，數據庫，控制計劃，圖形和報表配置的系統(tǒng)包在工程站內可以離線運行，DCS 的配置是順應硬件結構從上網下實現的。它分為一下 5 個步驟：設備登記系統(tǒng)硬件配置，其中包括跟蹤其網絡的 I / O 站或操作站地址和每個 I / O 站的硬件，如數據傳輸卡，I / O 卡數據庫配置來定義信號點和參數設置控制計劃配置列為常規(guī)配置，提供許多反饋控制塊，梯級，比率和自定義，這是類十余 BASIC 語言的實施控制程序。用圖像來顯示各種諸如調查，標準顯示，調整，控制，趨勢，流程圖的數據，然后用高分辨率彩色顯像管和更豐富的復合窗口和菜單功能顯示操作現場，用此配置來配置運行圖，一檢查和控制實時處理。報告提供的統(tǒng)計表格配置的進程。在運行該軟件下，所有的配置都將被編譯，鏈接并下載到運營商，這個運行商必須有幾個聯網的電腦用于共享整體工作情況，以便可以監(jiān)視和控制現場展示各種進程的所有方面?；蛘呓洜I者將運行系統(tǒng)下載最后一次。經營者擴展了平面密封薄膜鍵盤，觸摸屏和鼠標，讓所有行動更容易。通過人機互動的過程中可以收集數據，分析，記錄和實時控制;該系統(tǒng)結構和配置的循環(huán)可以被修改，在線，本地故障可在線修復。一旦這個過程是不正常的，硬件會自動診斷并通知操作員站，現場工作人員圍繞故障進行查找，并在卡片上我指示燈/ O 站顯示故障位置。這種雙重手段的跡象說明具有連接故障報警和熱插件插件可以實現在線修正線路故障，使得系統(tǒng)運行的更加安全可靠。4.實驗項目我們的 DCS 仿真培訓系統(tǒng)可以讓 16 名學生同時操作。培訓職能對硬件和軟件配置復雜的系統(tǒng)設計和調試都是通用的。I / O 站的 11 個輸入點由 3 臺進行測量和控制的設備，7 個控制閥和一個電加熱器的進程實現的。用于實時操作執(zhí)行溫度，壓力，液位，流量的控制和故障檢測和系統(tǒng)的維護?，F場測量值和狀態(tài)的跡象表明目前系統(tǒng)的運行狀況。自身的操作站可以處理系統(tǒng)運行的過程監(jiān)控和控制，學生操作該系統(tǒng)，猶如他們是在現實工業(yè)自動化操作中。溫度和流量控制系統(tǒng)，透射電鏡流程圖如圖 2 所示：T1 和 T2 用來測量的內，外水箱的溫度。FT1 和 FT2 用來顯示內外水箱的水流流速。WVL1 and WVL2 是兩個從 I/O 站輸出的數值，控制閥門開啟程度。ZK 是一個打開或關閉電加熱器的開關。該系統(tǒng)的控制是由 2 個單變量閉合回路（T1 控制和 FTI 控制） 、一個串聯(T1-T2)、一個比例循環(huán)(FT1-FT2) 構成。所有的回路采用從操作站動態(tài)調整的常規(guī) PID。四個控制回路和系統(tǒng)的主要圖表可以很容易地轉向按本圖底部的按鈕，如圖 2 所示。5.結論在 4 年的本科和研究生的使用結果表明：實驗培訓可以非常有效的讓學生了解產業(yè)的工藝技術，而這個控制系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性，更可以提高學生的操作和控過程的能力。便捷的連接，使 DCS 的硬件教學系統(tǒng)操作非常簡便，同時簡便的軟件配置使得實施不同的控制算法變的非常靈活。除了對于過程控制的基本實驗，學生們還設計了復雜的控制系統(tǒng)，以滿足更嚴格的產品規(guī)格。機械與電氣工程學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文翻譯所在學院： 班 級： 姓 名： 學 號： 指導教師： 合作導師： 年 12 月 9 日原文：DESIGN AND USE OF AN EDDY CURRENT RETARDERIN AN AUTOMOBILEC. Y. LIU*, K. J. JIANG and Y. ZHANGSchool of Automobile Engineering, Jiangsu Teachers University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China(Received 21 January 2010; Revised 13 December 2010)ABSTRACT?In this study, the structure and working principles of an eddy current retarder acting as an auxiliary brake set is introduced in detail. Based on the principle of energy conservation, a mathematical model was developed to design a retarder whose nominal brake torque is 1, 900 N·m. According to the characteristics of the eddy current retarder, an exclusive test bed was developed and used for brake performance measurements. The main technical parameters, such as the brake characteristics, temperature characteristics and power consumption, were measured with the test bed. The test data show that the brake torque of the eddy current retarder obviously decreased in the continuous braking stage and that there is a certain amount of brake torque in the normal driving state because of the remnant magnetism of the rotor plate. The mathematical model could be used to design an eddy current retarder. The exclusive test bed could be used for optimization of an eddy current retarder as well as for R it is only used as a complement to the main brake system. After an eddy current retarder is installed in an automobile, the frequency of main brake system use decreases, so the life of the brakes is extended. Because most of brake load is taken on by the eddy current retarder, the temperature rise in the brake disc or drum is reduced, and the braking efficiency of the main brake system is improved. Therefore, the safety of the automobile is also enhanced. Because the main brake system gets used rarely, the brake noise and dust can also be reduced, so this system benefits the environment. Currently, in heavy automobiles and large-scale passenger cars, the eddy current retarder has a standard configuration. However, the design technology of eddy current retarders needs to be perfected and developed further.2. ANALYSIS MODEL2.1. Structure and Working Principle An eddy current retarder is made up of eight cores, an air gap, coils and rotor plates, as shown in Figure 1. A coil is installed on the cylindrical surface of a core. The coil creates the windings. There is an even number of windings,and they are distributed equally around the circumference of the core. When the windings of the eddy current retarder are electrified, the kinetic or potential energy of the automobile can be transformed into thermal energy and dissipated into the atmosphere by a wind tunnel cast in the rotor plate, according to the electromagnetic principle.3 TESTING AND ANALYSIS3.1. Test-bed Structure and Operation The developed test bed was made up of a frequency conversion DC motor, a raising gearbox, an adjustable inertia flywheel group, a speed regulating device, and a series of sensors, such as a temperature sensor and a current sensor. The principle diagram of the test bed is shown in Figure 4. A DC motor was used for driving the raising gearbox. The eddy current retarder was connected with the transmission shaft. When an automobile is in a normal driving state, its kinetic energy is equivalent to the kinetic energy of the raising gearbox and the adjustable inertia flywheel group, so the developed test bed could model an automobile under different loads. Three temperature sensors were used for measuring the temperature rise of the two rotor plates and the windings. The torque and speed sensor was used for measuring the brake torque generated in the braking process and the rotational speed of the main shaft. The excitation voltage and excitation current was Figure 3. Design example of an eddy current retarder.Table 1. Calculated values of the brake characteristics for the eddy current retarder.Characteristics Rotational speed (r/min) 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 200 Brake torque (N·m) 956 1468 1515 1529 1526 1506 Brake power (kW) 20.1 61.6 95.4 128.4 160.2 193.5 Figure 4. Principle diagram of the test bed。614 C. Y. LIU, K. J. JIANG and Y. ZHANG measured in order to study the excitation power and the power consumption characteristics of the eddy current retarder. Fans were used to simulate the wind speed in the process of running, and they also made it possible to simulate the actual thermal conditions of the eddy current retarder and could be used to cool the eddy current retarder rapidly. Test data were collected by the computercentralized control.The test bed is shown in Figure 5. The test-bed operation process was as follows: First, the DC motor was started to drag the main shaft up to the intended rotational speed. The moment of inertia of the flywheel group was used to simulate the equivalent kinetic energy of running an automobile as an energy input of the eddy current retarder.Second, the windings were electrified in different shifts for field excitation,then the parameters, including the brake torque performance, the temperature performance and others, were measured.3.2. Testing Capabilities and Test ItemsThe inertia of a 3~20 T full-load automobile could be simulated in the test bed. The rotational speed range of the main shaft was 0-3000 r/min. The following test items were performed on the test-bed. ① The brake torque rotational speed performance test: the brake torque generated by the eddy current retarder varied with the rotor speed. ② The brake torque–time characteristic, namely, the continuous brake performance test: the brake torque of the eddy current retarder varied with time at a constant rotational speed. ③ The temperature rise-time performance test: the temperature in the rotor plates and the stator changed with time as the eddy current retarder worked. ④ The brake torque-temperature performance test: the brake torque changed with temperature in the rotor plate. ⑤ The power consumption performance test: the working current and voltage in the windings varied with time as the eddy current retarder worked.3.3.Analysis of the Test ResultsThe test ambient temperature was 20oC, and the air pressure was 0.1 MPa. The fourth brake shift of the retarder was used. From Figures 6 and 7, as the brake timeincreased, the temperature in the rotor plate went up rapidly and then rose slowly. Joule heat generated by the eddy current in the rotor plate reached its steady state with the heat dissipating capacity of the blades. The maximum temperature on the latter rotor plate surface was approximately 505.6oC, and the temperature on the stator went up slowly compared with that on the rotor plate.When the wire was selected, a certain level of temperature tolerance must be considered.4 CONCLUSIONA mathematical model of the eddy current retarder was developed. Based on this model, a brake torque retarder was designed. Many performance parameters were measured in an exclusive test bed. The major conclusions obtained are given below:(1) The eddy current retarder that was designed met the requirements, which indicates that the mathematical model of brake torque developed in this study could be helpful for designing the product.(2) Many performance parameters of the eddy current retarder could be measured in the test bed, and the test bed that was developed was based on design optimization of an eddy current retarder and R只用它作為主剎車系統(tǒng)的補充。經過電渦流緩速器是安裝在汽車的制動系統(tǒng)使用跌幅的頻率，所以剎車的壽命延長。由于大部分制動負載是電渦流緩速，剎車盤或鼓的溫升降低，主剎車系統(tǒng)的制動效率提高。因此，汽車的安全性也增強。由于主制動系統(tǒng)很少被使用，剎車也可以減少噪音和灰塵，使這一制度有利于環(huán)境。目前，重型汽車和大型客車，電渦流緩速器的標準配置。然而，電渦流緩速器的設計技術需要進一步完善和發(fā)展。2． 分析模型2.1。結構及工作原理的電渦流緩速器是由八個內核，氣隙，線圈和轉子板，如圖 1 所示。線圈安裝在圓柱表面的一個核心。線圈創(chuàng)建繞組。有一個繞組的偶數，和他們同樣圍繞核心的圓周分布。當繞組的電渦流緩速器是電氣化，汽車的動能或勢能可以轉化為熱能消散到大氣中，在轉子上的板蒙上了風洞，根據電磁原理。3．測試與分析3.1 試驗臺的結構和操作測試床是由一個直流電機, 變頻調速,可提高齒輪轉動慣量飛輪組,調速裝置,以及一系列的傳感器,如溫度傳感器和一個電流傳感器。原理圖測試床被顯示在圖 4。一個直流電機驅動的用于提高變速箱。電渦流緩速器并與傳動軸。當一輛汽車是在一個正常的駕駛狀態(tài),其動能等效為動能增加變速箱和可調整的慣性飛輪集團,所以發(fā)達測試床可以在不同負荷模型汽車。三個溫度傳感器,用于測量的兩個轉子溫升板和繞組。的扭矩和速度傳感器用于測量制動器制動力矩和制動過程中產生的主軸轉速。激勵電壓和勵磁電流圖 3。設計一個電渦流緩速器的例子。表 1。理論計算的制動特性的電渦流緩速器。特性轉速（轉/分）200 400 600800 1 0001200 制動力矩（牛頓? 米）95614681515152915261506 制動功率（kW）20.161.695.4128.4160.2193.5圖 4。 614 CY 劉江，KJ 和 Y 張原理圖的試驗床。測量，以研究的勵磁功率和電渦流緩速器的功耗特性。球迷們用來模擬在運行過程中的風速，他們還提出了它可以模擬電渦流緩速器的實際熱條件，可用于電渦流緩速迅速冷卻。測試數據收集由計算機集中控制。測試床如圖 5 所示。試驗臺的操作過程如下：首先，開始拖動直流電動機主軸轉速達到了預期的。慣性飛輪組的時候，是用來模擬運行作為汽車電渦流緩速器的能量輸入相當于動能。二，繞組在倒班工作現場勵磁,然后參數, 包括制動器制動力矩性能、溫度特性以及其他人都進行了測量。3.2 測試能力和測試項目3?20 噸的滿負荷的汽車的慣性可以在模擬試驗臺。主軸轉速范圍 0-3000轉/分。下面的測試項目進行測試床。 ①制動轉矩轉速性能測試: 制動器制動力矩產生的電渦流緩速器轉子速度不同。②制動轉矩時的特點，即連續(xù)制動性能測試: 制動器制動力矩的電渦流緩速器性能隨時間在恒定轉速上升。 ③溫度性能測試溫度在轉子和定子板隨時間不斷變化的電渦流緩速器的制動轉矩溫度。④工作性能測試:制動器制動力矩隨溫度變化在轉子盤。 ⑤電耗性能測試: 工作電流、電壓隨時間在繞組電渦流緩速器的工作。3.3 測試結果分析測試環(huán)境溫度為 20℃，空氣壓力為 0.1 MPa。第四緩速制動轉向使用。從圖 6 和 7 的制動時間增加，在轉子盤的溫度上升迅速，然后緩慢上升。由渦流產生的焦耳熱轉子盤與刀片的散熱能力達到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。后者轉子鋼板表面的最高溫度約為 505.6 攝氏度，定子溫度上升緩慢相比，轉子盤電線被選中，一定程度的溫度公差必須考慮。4 結論電渦流緩速器的一個數學模型的開發(fā)?；谶@個模型，設計一個制動力矩緩速。許多性能參數測定在專用的試驗床。所取得的主要結論如下：（1）電渦流緩速器的設計符合要求，這表明，在這項研究中開發(fā)的制動力矩的數學模型可能有助于設計的產品。（2）許多性能參數可以衡量電渦流緩速器性能的測試, 并對試驗床床上進行開發(fā)的基于優(yōu)化設計的電渦流緩速器和研發(fā)的一系列產品。（3）制動力矩在轉子板后溫度下降約 40％，達到連續(xù)舞臺上的最大價值。一方面，在制動力矩的過度下降嚴重影響了制動穩(wěn)定性。另一方面，在轉子盤的溫度上升影響電渦流緩速器的使用壽命。同時，對安全駕駛不利。必須采取某些行動限制溫度的上升,實現溫度等。