高考英語(yǔ)二輪 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣2課件

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1、第九講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣1準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表允許、推測(cè)、判斷等用法。2準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用。3wish，as if/though，if only，would rather從句，Its time從句等句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。4表示“堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求”的詞語(yǔ)后及各類從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。5虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝。2012年高考將重點(diǎn)考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表“推測(cè)和可能性、必要性、請(qǐng)求、允許、允諾”，非真實(shí)條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣和名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的運(yùn)用。 1(2011全國(guó)卷) If you_smoke, please go outside.A. canB. shouldC. must D

2、. may解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“如果你非得要抽煙，請(qǐng)到外面去抽。”must (表示主張)一定要，堅(jiān)持要。根據(jù)后一句please go outside的要求，選C。答案 C2(2011上海)Some young people these days just_go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustnt B. wontC. mightnt D. shouldnt解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“現(xiàn)在一些年輕人就是不愿意走出家門接觸真正的世界。”mustnt禁止，不允許；wont不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主觀性；migh

3、tnt可能不；shouldnt不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意選B。答案 B3(2011福建)Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you_， in case he comes late for the meeting .Awill BmustCmay Dcan解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“需要我現(xiàn)在就通知他計(jì)劃有變嗎？恐怕你得這樣做，以防他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到?！眒ust (表示必要、命令或強(qiáng)制)必須，得。根據(jù)后半句，選B。答案 B4(2011安徽)What do you think of store shoppi

4、ng in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_.A. will never replaceB. would never replace C. will never be replacedD. would never be replaced解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“你對(duì)將來(lái)的商店購(gòu)物怎么看？我個(gè)人認(rèn)為會(huì)與在家購(gòu)物并存，但商店購(gòu)物不會(huì)被取代?！备鶕?jù)I think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虛擬的選項(xiàng)D，這是表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間，考

5、慮到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，選C。答案 C5(2011四川)The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _.Acan BmayCmust Dshould解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“警方依然沒(méi)有找到失蹤的孩子，但他們現(xiàn)在正在做他們所能做的一切?！眂an可以，能夠；may可能，許可；must必須；should應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意，選A。答案 A1can 和could的用法(1)表示驚訝，常用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那樣的蠢事呢？(2)ca

6、nnot.too/enough表示“無(wú)論也不過(guò)分”；“越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.開(kāi)車時(shí)越小心越好。2may和might的用法(1)may和might表示“許可”，“可能性”，“祝愿”等意義。在給予別人許可時(shí)，常用can，但有時(shí)也用may。不能用might。May I play basketball this afternoon?“今天下午我可以打籃球嗎？”No，you may not.“不，不行。” “may as well動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如”。You may as well do it at once.你最好馬上就

7、做這件事。We may as well stay where we are.我們留在現(xiàn)在的地方倒也不錯(cuò)。(2)may作“可以”講時(shí)，其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must作“必須”講時(shí)，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。May I use your car?No，you mustnt.(委婉的拒絕可用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No，you neednt.3must(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)You must not speak ill

8、 of others.你一定不要說(shuō)別人的壞話。Smoking must not be allowed in the office.嚴(yán)禁在辦公室吸煙。(2)表示“偏執(zhí)”，“固執(zhí)”Must you make so much noise?你非得弄出這么大聲嗎？If you must smoke，please go out.如果你偏要吸煙，那你就出去吧。4shall的用法(1)用于第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。Shall we begin our class?我們可以開(kāi)始上課嗎？Shall the driver wait outside?司機(jī)在外邊等著可以嗎？(2)用于

9、第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.我許諾給他一件生日禮物。You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.假如你做那種事，我就不支持你。5will和would的用法作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的will，would與作助動(dòng)詞的will，would的各種形式相同。(1)表示自愿做或主動(dòng)提出做什么，如意志、愿望或決心等。would用于過(guò)去的情況。John promised his doctor he would not smok

10、e，and he has never smoked ever since.約翰答應(yīng)他的醫(yī)生不再吸煙了，自從那時(shí)起他就再也不吸煙了。I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen.我已再三告訴他戒煙，但是他就是不聽(tīng)。(2)will可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有“總是”或“總要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他總是沿著小河散步。(3)would 可以表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，比used to正式，但沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義

11、。Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class.去年我們的英語(yǔ)老師常常課后給我們講英語(yǔ)故事。1(2011北京)I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He_come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must notB. need notC. would not D. might not解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“我真不喜歡

12、James。你為何請(qǐng)了他？別擔(dān)心。他可能來(lái)不了。他說(shuō)他的計(jì)劃還沒(méi)安排好?！鳖}干中的he wasnt certain說(shuō)明他可能不來(lái)，可能來(lái)，因此使用不完全否定might not。選D。答案 D2(2010北京)Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah，good morning. You_be Mrs. Peters.Amight BmustCwould Dcan解析此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。第一句說(shuō)明和史密斯女士有約定，所以秘書(shū)判斷一定是。must在此表示推測(cè)，意為“一定”，符合

13、語(yǔ)境。答案B3(2010浙江)“You_have a wrong number，” she said，“Theres no one of that name here.”Aneed BcanCmust Dwould解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。從“Theres no one of that name here”可知“你一定弄錯(cuò)號(hào)碼了”。此處表示肯定的推測(cè)，故用must。答案C4(2009遼寧)The traffic is heavy these days.I_arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?Acan BmustCneed Dmight解析can

14、在肯定句中意為“能夠，有時(shí)會(huì)”，一般不用來(lái)表示推測(cè)；must 意為“一定，必定”；need意為“需要”；might意為“可能，或許”，表示推測(cè)。句意：這些天交通很繁忙，我可能會(huì)來(lái)晚一點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)你幫我保留個(gè)位置好嗎？故答案選D。答案D表示對(duì)目前或?qū)?lái)情況的推測(cè)往往用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。1can用于肯定句中有時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示推測(cè)，意為“有時(shí)會(huì)”；用于疑問(wèn)句中可以表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，有時(shí)表示一種驚訝的語(yǔ)氣；用于否定句中也可以表示推測(cè)，cant 意為“不可能”，語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)烈。Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was l

15、ate for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很準(zhǔn)時(shí)，他怎么可能開(kāi)會(huì)遲到呢？The story cant be true.這個(gè)故事不可能是真的。2may用于肯定句中可以用來(lái)表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推測(cè)，may not意為“可能不”，表示一種不太確定的語(yǔ)氣。may在疑問(wèn)句中不能表示推測(cè)。Peter may come with us tonight，but he isnt sure yet.彼得今晚可能和我們一起來(lái)，但他還沒(méi)確定。3must 表示推測(cè)時(shí)只能用于肯定句中，意為“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的語(yǔ)氣(在疑問(wèn)句中或否定句中要用can)。He must be

16、 ill.He looks so pale.他準(zhǔn)是病了，他的臉色蒼白。Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.“這是辦公室！所以你一定知道這里不許吃東西。”O(jiān)h，sorry.“噢，對(duì)不起?！?should 用來(lái)表示推測(cè)時(shí)意為“應(yīng)該”，即含有“按道理來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)當(dāng)如此”的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因?yàn)槟阍隈{校訓(xùn)練了那么多

17、，通過(guò)路考應(yīng)該沒(méi)什么困難。5表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)要用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be現(xiàn)在分詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在高考題中出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)不太多，但也提醒考生注意。My mother must be watering the flowers in the garden now.現(xiàn)在我母親一定正在花園里澆花。The students may be climbing the mountain at the moment.此刻學(xué)生們有可能正在爬山。1(2011全國(guó)) They_have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.AwillBcanCmus

18、t Dshould解析考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“他們本該午飯時(shí)到達(dá)，但他們的航班推遲了?！眞ill have done將來(lái)可以完成；can have done可能做過(guò)嗎？表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑，用于疑問(wèn)句；must have done一定做過(guò)某事，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)；should have done本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒(méi)做。but their flight was delayed這樣的結(jié)果，說(shuō)明他們本來(lái)該到達(dá)卻沒(méi)有到達(dá)，因此選D。答案 D2(2011江蘇)I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a r

19、ailway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolenC. should have stolen D. must have stolen解析考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“我把我的手提包落在火車上了。但幸運(yùn)的是，有人拾到交給了鐵路部門。失而復(fù)得，簡(jiǎn)直難以置信！我是說(shuō)，本來(lái)可能有人會(huì)偷了去。” will have done將來(lái)可以完成，must have done一 定做過(guò)某事，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)，都與題意不符。should have

20、 done本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒(méi)做，這就意味著希望有人偷包。might have stolen 過(guò)去可能做過(guò)，語(yǔ)氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)或不肯定，根據(jù)句意選B。答案 B 3(2010山東)I_have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.Ashouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我本不應(yīng)該看那部電影它會(huì)令我做噩夢(mèng)。shouldnt have done sth.本不該做某事卻做了。neednt have done sth.本不需要做某事卻做了。couldnt have done sth.不可能做過(guò)某事。

21、答案A4(2010天津)Mark_have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.Aneednt BwouldntCmustnt Dcouldnt解析本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。從句子語(yǔ)境可知，Mark做了本沒(méi)必要做的事，應(yīng)用neednt have done，故選A項(xiàng)。其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不能表達(dá)此意。答案A5(2010上海)Sorry，Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.Oh，you_have done it as yesterday wa

22、s the deadline.Amust BmustntCshould Dshouldnt解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：“對(duì)不起，史密斯教授，昨天我沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)?！薄澳惚緫?yīng)該完成的，因?yàn)樽蛱焓亲詈蟮钠谙蕖！彼膫€(gè)選項(xiàng)中B項(xiàng)不能與have done連用，故排除；must have done意為“肯定做了”，表推測(cè)，說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人對(duì)所推測(cè)的事情把握較大；should have done 本應(yīng)該做(實(shí)際上沒(méi)做)；shouldnt have done本不應(yīng)該做(實(shí)際上做了)。由語(yǔ)境可知C項(xiàng)正確。答案C表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況或存在的狀態(tài)的推測(cè)常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have過(guò)去分詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。1can/could have d

23、one表示“本來(lái)可以做，而實(shí)際上未做”或者“過(guò)去可能”，疑問(wèn)或否定形式表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定，其中cant have done多用于語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈的否定，意為“不可能做過(guò)”。Do you know where David is？I couldnt find him anywhere.“你知道大衛(wèi)在哪里嗎？我到處找不到他。 Well.He cant have gone farhis coats still here.“大衛(wèi)的上衣還在這里，因此他肯定沒(méi)走遠(yuǎn)?！盩he accident could have been avoided.這場(chǎng)事故本來(lái)是可以避免的。2may/might have

24、done表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的推測(cè)，意為“可能做過(guò)”。might所表示的可能性比較弱，語(yǔ)氣較委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而實(shí)際上未做”。Sorry，Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.對(duì)不起，我遲到了。我可能把鬧鐘關(guān)掉后又睡著了。3must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的推測(cè)，意為“一定，想必”，語(yǔ)氣十分肯定。He must have completed his work；otherwise，he wouldnt be enjoying himself

25、 by the seaside.他一定是已經(jīng)完成工作了，否則他不會(huì)在海邊玩得那么高興了。4ought to/should have done表示過(guò)去本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上卻沒(méi)有做；shouldnt have done表示過(guò)去本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了。這一用法往往含有責(zé)備的意味。Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.我現(xiàn)在覺(jué)得肚子疼，我剛才真不應(yīng)該吃那么多的炸雞的。5neednt have done表示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了。Catherine，I

26、 have cleaned the room for you.“Catherine，我已替你打掃了房間?！盩hanks.You neednt have done it.I could manage it myself.“謝謝。你本來(lái)不必做，我自己可以做的?！?(2011北京)Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they_always late.A. werentB. hadnt beenC. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been解析考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“

27、孩子們哪兒去了？這頓飯快要吃不起來(lái)了。我但愿他們不要老是遲到?！眞ish引出虛擬語(yǔ)氣，題干中出現(xiàn)always，從句虛擬使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。選A。答案 A2(2011北京)Maybe if I_science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would studyC. had studied D. was studying解析考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“或許當(dāng)初我要是學(xué)了理科而不是文科，現(xiàn)在就能給你更多的幫助。”then表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，if引導(dǎo)的從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，因此使用過(guò)去

28、完成時(shí)。選C。答案C3(2011天津)I_sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was comingC. would come D. would have come解析考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“我本來(lái)可以早點(diǎn)來(lái)，但我真不知道他們?cè)诘任摇！眀ut I didnt know表示了過(guò)去時(shí)間，因此前句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，用主語(yǔ)should / would / could / might have done表達(dá)，故選D。答案 D4(2011福建)Pity you missed the lecture on

29、nuclear pollution.I_it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.Aattended Bhad attended Cwould attend Dwould have attended解析考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“真可惜你錯(cuò)過(guò)了那場(chǎng)有關(guān)核污染的講座。我本可以去聽(tīng)的，但我當(dāng)時(shí)忙于工作面試?！睂?duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，用主語(yǔ)should / would / could / might have done表達(dá)，故選D。答案 D5(2011陜西)I_through that bitter period without your generou

30、s help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt goC. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone解析考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為“沒(méi)有你的慷慨幫助，我是不可能度過(guò)那段痛苦的時(shí)期的?！眛hat bitter period表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用主語(yǔ)should / would / could / might have done表達(dá)，故選A。答案 A虛擬語(yǔ)氣考查的常常是習(xí)慣用法、特別的句型以及和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用聯(lián)系起來(lái)。有關(guān)虛擬語(yǔ)氣要注意以下兩大方面： 1在非真實(shí)條件句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣非真實(shí)條件句有以下三類：(1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

31、詞形式如下：從句：過(guò)去式主句：would/should/could/might動(dòng)詞原形。(2)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式如下：從句：過(guò)去完成時(shí)主句：would/should/could/might have過(guò)去分詞。 (3)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式如下：從句：過(guò)去式/should動(dòng)詞原形/were to動(dòng)詞原形。主句：would/should/could/might動(dòng)詞原形?！緦＜姨嵝选?1)若條件句中有were，had，should，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主語(yǔ)前，形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。Had you taken

32、 my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.如果你聽(tīng)了我的建議，你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。(2)有時(shí)主句和虛擬條件從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，此時(shí)，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式。If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)感到很累的。(從句指過(guò)去，主句指現(xiàn)在)(3)有時(shí)虛擬條件并不通過(guò)條件從句表達(dá)出來(lái)，而是通過(guò)詞、短語(yǔ)或上下文暗示，此時(shí)句子的時(shí)態(tài)要依具體情況而定。Without electricity(If th

33、ere were no electricity)，life would be quite different today. 如果沒(méi)有電，今天的生活就會(huì)完全不同。But for your help(If it hadnt been for your help)，I couldnt have finished it.要是沒(méi)有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there wit

34、h them.)我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。2虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些從句中的應(yīng)用(1)用在suggest，order，demand，ask，command，propose，request，insist等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中。(2)用在wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中。(3)用在以as if/as though引起的從句中。(4)用在以in order that，so that引起的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中。(5)用在以it is(high)time引起的從句中。(6)用在混合時(shí)間條件句中：主句和從句不一定用指同一時(shí)間的動(dòng)詞。如：If I had learned French，I would be able

35、 to interpret for our French friends.如果我以前學(xué)過(guò)法語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在我就能給法國(guó)朋友當(dāng)翻譯了。(7) would rather句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示愿望，意為“寧愿，但愿”。如：Id rather we didnt go to see a film this evening.我倒希望我們今晚不去看電影。(8)無(wú)主句條件句。如：If only I had been more careful!我要是再仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)就好了！1“ Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he_answer for it if he goes on

36、behaving like that.”A. shallB. willC. would D. can【易誤分析】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。【名師指津】最佳答案選A。shall 用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有以下兩個(gè)用法：(1) 用于疑問(wèn)句中征求意見(jiàn)。如：Shall I help you? 要不要我?guī)蛶湍?？Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打開(kāi)嗎？(2) 用于陳述句中表示允諾、告誡、警告、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等(可用于各類人稱)。如：You shall suffer for this. 你會(huì)為此事吃苦頭的。(表威脅)Each competitor shall wear a num

37、ber. 每個(gè)參賽者要戴一個(gè)號(hào)碼。(表規(guī)定)You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一來(lái)就可聽(tīng)到所有情況了。(表允諾)請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案均選 shall)：(1)“ I promise that she_get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her？”A. should B. mustC. would D. shall2. You_pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is

38、so important.A. cannot B. shouldntC. mustnt D. neednt【易誤分析】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。【名師指津】最佳答案選A。cannot.too.是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)十分有用的表達(dá)，意為“不可能太，無(wú)論怎樣也不算過(guò)分，越越”。如：You cant be too careful. 你越仔細(xì)越好。You cant praise the book too much. 這本書(shū)值得大加贊揚(yáng)。We cannot work too much for the people. 我們?yōu)槿嗣褡龉ぷ魇遣豢赡茏鲞^(guò)頭的。A woman cannot have too many clot

39、hes. 女人買的衣服再多也不算多。注：有時(shí)也可用 can never, impossible 等與too連用來(lái)表示類似意思。如：It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那兒越早越好。3. “Is John coming by train？”“He should, but he_not. He likes driving his car.”A. must B. canC. need D. may【易誤分析】可能誤選B或C?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢笧镈。may 表推測(cè)，may not 意為“可能不(會(huì)坐火車來(lái))”。句中的 He should 為 He sho

40、uld come by train 之省略，由于其后出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but，說(shuō)明語(yǔ)意有變化，再結(jié)合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可決定此題選D。注意，不能選B，因?yàn)閏an表示推測(cè)時(shí)通常不用肯定陳述句。4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It_ true because there was little snow there.”A. may not be B. wont beC. couldnt be D. mustnt be【易誤分析】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選?！久麕熤附颉看祟}最佳答

41、案為C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 這一語(yǔ)境所決定，既然“沒(méi)下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就應(yīng)是“不可能”，所以選 couldnt be，即選C。5. You_be right, but I dont think you are.A. can B. couldC. must D. should【易誤分析】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選?！久麕熤附颉繌恼Z(yǔ)境上看，C、D不宜選，在剩下的A和B中，許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地選了A，認(rèn)為整個(gè)句子為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以選can，而不選過(guò)去式 could，但是最佳答案卻是B而不是A。按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 用于推測(cè)表示可能

42、性時(shí)，通常只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推測(cè)時(shí)，卻不僅可用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，也可用于肯定句，且此時(shí)的 could 并不是 can 的過(guò)去式，與 can 也沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差別，只是 could 比 can語(yǔ)氣更委婉，所以答案選B。 注：can 在以下特殊情況下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即從理論上或邏輯上分析是可能的，但是實(shí)際上未必會(huì)發(fā)生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)形容詞”，表示“有時(shí)會(huì)”、“時(shí)常會(huì)”等。如：My father can be ver

43、y unreasonable. 我父親有時(shí)候很不講道理。6. I forget where I read the article, or I_it to you now. A. will show B. would showC. am going to show D. am showing 【易誤分析】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。【名師指津】正確答案選B。根據(jù)上文的語(yǔ)境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個(gè)虛擬的條件，即 orif I didnt forget where I read the article(要是我沒(méi)忘記我在哪兒讀過(guò)這篇文章的話但事實(shí)上忘了)。7. “It looks as if he w

44、ere drunk.” “So it does._.”A. Hed better give up drinkingB. He shouldnt have drunk so muchC. Health is more important than drinkD. I wonder why he is always doing so【易誤分析】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢笧镈。關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，句子既然用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也就是說(shuō)，“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí)，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的

45、最佳答案是D。8. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _you if you had so high a fever.”A. do B. areC. will D. would【易誤分析】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認(rèn)為前后兩句的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)一致；選C者，認(rèn)為其后帶有if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從語(yǔ)氣上看，主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)?！久麕熤附颉看祟}最佳答案為D。分析如下：(1)“so助動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它表示“也一樣”時(shí)。如：He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。When animals and plants disappe

46、ar, so will man. 當(dāng)動(dòng)植物消失的時(shí)候，人類也會(huì)隨之消失。(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應(yīng)選D。9. “He will come tomorrow.” “But Id rather he_the day after tomorrow.”A. will come B. is comingC. came D. had come【易誤分析】容易誤選A或B。根據(jù)上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明

47、空白處應(yīng)填一個(gè)一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。【名師指津】但此題的最佳答案是 C。按照英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，would rather 后接that 從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)通常要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去。又如：Id rather you left right now. 我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就離開(kāi)。I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿這事被遺忘掉。Id rather he hadnt told me about it. 我寧愿他沒(méi)告訴我這事。10_ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was

48、 he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up【易誤分析】容易誤選 D?！久麕熤附颉空_答案應(yīng)選B。之所以不能選D，是因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語(yǔ)是would not have got，這表明是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)作出的假設(shè)，所以從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是 had given up，而不是像D項(xiàng)那樣用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。另外，當(dāng)虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時(shí)，通常可以省略 if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：Were they to cease advertising, price

49、s would come down. If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他們停止做廣告，價(jià)錢會(huì)降下來(lái)。Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion. If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我會(huì)把那場(chǎng)面拍攝下來(lái)了。1. The two strangers talked as if they_friends for years.A. should beB. would b

50、eC. have been D. had been解析 從句子中時(shí)態(tài)talked可知as if引導(dǎo)的從句是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，另外for years也是判斷此答案的重要信息。答案D2_it rain tomorrow, we have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. ShouldC. Would D. Will解析 為虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝句，相當(dāng)于 If it should rain tomorrow 萬(wàn)一明天下雨。答案B3. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the

51、earth at night_， too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly解析 此題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的含蓄條件句，所謂含蓄條件句就是條件從句并非是用if引導(dǎo)的從句來(lái)表示的，而是通過(guò)上下文或介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示的。如：Under favorable conditions, we could have finished the work ahead of time. 要是在更有利的條件下，我們就會(huì)提前完成這

52、項(xiàng)工作。He could have come, but he was busy then. If he had not been busy then, he could have come.答案A4. If only he_quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. layC. had lain D. should lie解析 此題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，從句和主句在時(shí)間上不一致，從句所表示的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，而主句表示的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬。答案C5. We cou

53、ld have gone there by bus.Yes, otherwise we_late.A. werent B. hadnt beenC. couldnt be D. couldnt have been解析 We could have gone there by bus 意為“我們本來(lái)是能夠坐汽車去那里”，但實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有坐汽車去那里，相當(dāng)于 We didnt go there by bus。若將這一真實(shí)情況變成一個(gè)與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，則為If we had gone there by bus, we couldnt have been late。答案D6. The teacher de

54、manded that the exam_before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finishedC. be finished D. must be finished解析 在表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、要求的詞后的從句中應(yīng)使用(should)動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。如：He suggested that we be there in time.答案C7. I wouldnt have succeeded_for his help then.A. hadnt it been B. were it notC. had it been not D. had it

55、not been解析 此題考查對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣倒裝的掌握。if it werent for.和if it hadnt been for.表示“多虧，要不是的情況下”，也可用but for短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。這兩個(gè)句型倒裝時(shí)僅需記住一句話：not總在“之后”。如：We wouldnt have finished the work had it not been for his help.要不是他的幫助，我們就不能完成這項(xiàng)工作。答案D8. If it _for the snow, we_the mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbedB. were n

56、ot, could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD. had not been, could climb解析 根據(jù)yesterday這一信息詞，可判斷是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。答案C9. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she_something she would regret later.A. had said B. saidC. might say D. might have said解析 此題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的含蓄條件句，相當(dāng)于 If Jane ha

57、d not walked away from the discussion, she might have said something she would regret later.答案D10. Id rather he_here.A. come B. comesC. came D. will come解析 would rather (not)do .接省去to的不定式。would rather后接從句，從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)常用過(guò)去式。答案C11. One things for sure, the fire_by some cigarette butts. A. might cause B

58、. could have caused C. must have been caused D. should be caused解析 句意是：有一件事是肯定的：這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)一定是由一些香煙頭引起的。由題干中的sure可知，此處要用把握性大的must have been caused。A項(xiàng)用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)，B項(xiàng)把握性不大，意為“可能了”。should have caused不用于推測(cè)，意為“本應(yīng)該做某事”。答案C12. You _finish the report tonight if youre too tired，Tomorrow afternoon is the deadline

59、.A. shouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 解析 句意是：如果你累了的話，就不必今天晚上寫(xiě)完這個(gè)報(bào)告。明天下午是期限。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)該表示必要性，故用neednt。shouldnt“不應(yīng)該”；cant“不能；不可能；不可以”；mustnt“不許”。答案D13Where is Bob? I cannot find him anywhere.He_have been off long. I heard him make a call just now.A. shouldnt B. cantC. mustnt D. neednt解析 句意是：“鮑勃在哪里？

60、我到處找他都沒(méi)找到?！薄八豢赡茏吡?。我剛才還聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他打電話了?！贝司涫菍?duì)已發(fā)生或還沒(méi)有發(fā)生的情況進(jìn)行否定的推測(cè)，故用cant have done形式。答案B14. You_the chance to go abroad if you had applied for it earlier.A. would get B. should getC. could have got D. should have got解析 句意是：如果你早申請(qǐng)的話，就可能有機(jī)會(huì)去國(guó)外了。此句是一個(gè)與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的說(shuō)法，故用could have got表示“本來(lái)會(huì)；本來(lái)能夠”。要注意should have got表示“

61、本應(yīng)該”。答案C15Why do you ask me to do the difficult work?Because you_do such a thing and nobody else is fit for it.A. would B. shouldC. can D. may解析句意是：“你為什么要我做這項(xiàng)艱難的工作?！薄耙?yàn)槟隳軌蜃瞿菢拥氖虑?，而沒(méi)有任何其他的人能夠?！贝司湟胏an表示能力。答案C16. You cant imagine that a top student_have failed in the college entrance examination.A. mig

62、ht B. needC. should D. would解析 句意是：你想象不到，一位一流的學(xué)生竟然高考落榜了。此句要用should表示說(shuō)話者出乎預(yù)料的心情，意為“竟然”。答案C17. Anne, if your leg_become more painful, do not hesitate to call me.A. may B. wouldC. could D. should解析 句意是：Anne，如果你的腿萬(wàn)一疼得厲害的話，請(qǐng)立刻給我打電話。此句要用should表示可能性，意為“萬(wàn)一”，常用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。答案D18. I tried to call on you last week

63、but your dog simply_not let me come through the gate.A. could B. shouldC. might D. would 解析 句意是：我上一周試圖來(lái)拜訪你，但你家的狗簡(jiǎn)直就是不讓我進(jìn)門。此句要用would not表示情愿，意為“不愿意”。答案D19Are you going to try the media?Well, I havent decided yet. I_find some other choices.A. would B. shouldC. must D. might解析 句意是：“你準(zhǔn)備嘗試一下媒體嗎？”“唉，我還沒(méi)有做

64、好決定。我或許找另外某個(gè)方法?！贝司湟胢ight表示沒(méi)有太大把握的可能性。答案D20Morning! Is there anything special in your mind?Yes .Here is the Lipton tea. Where can I find coffee?OK. That_also be on this shelf, across from the tea, madam.A. would B. couldC. might D. should解析 句意是：“早晨好！你有什么特別的需要嗎？” “是的，利普頓茶葉在這兒了?？Х仍谀膬耗?？”“夫人，它也應(yīng)當(dāng)在這個(gè)櫥子上，在茶那邊?！贝司湟胹hould表示推測(cè)，意為“應(yīng)該”，在語(yǔ)氣上沒(méi)有must大，但比can, could, may, might大。答案D