高考英語語法精講與精練 ： 第四章 形容詞和副詞

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1、高考英語語法精講與精練 ： 第四章 形容詞和副詞 第四章 形容詞和副詞精講與精練 一、形容詞和副詞講前練：用所給單詞的適當形式填空 For many people,life is a lot [1]_____(easy) today.Medicine and diet are improving [2]______(quick),and people are getting [3]________(healthy) and living [4]______(long). But the area of life that is changing [5]___________(quic

2、kly) of all is communication. Fifty years ago, computers were much [6]_______ (big) and less [7]_________ (power) than they are now. Today, we use the internet, so we can communicate [8]___________(easy) with friends all over the world. Not all the changes are [9]___________(well) ones. More peopl

3、e drive cars instead of riding bikes, so they aren’t as [10]_________(fitness) as they were. Traffic doesn’t just make the roads [11]_______ (crowd), it also makes pollution [12]__________ (bad). We must all think [13]_________(careful) about how we can use [14]___________ (little) energy. We must a

4、ll work [15]_________ (hardly) to reduce pollution. Keys:1.easier 2.quickly 3.healthier 4.longer 5.(the)most quickly 6.bigger 7.powerful 8.easily 9.good 10.fit 11.crowded 12. worse 13.carefully 14.less 15.hard 二、形容詞考點精講： 形容詞考點1、形容詞的基本特征與功能 1、作定語一般位于被修飾名詞的前面（修飾不定代詞時放在不定代詞的后面） A su

5、nny day陽光明媚的一天 a kind person 一個和藹可親的人 A funny story 一個滑稽可笑的故事 classical music 古典音樂 I have something interesting to tell you. 以a開頭的表語形容詞(alive、afraid、alike、asleep)或形容詞短語作定語時放在被修飾詞的后面。 a bottle filled with water 裝滿水的瓶子 the baby awake醒著的嬰兒 2、作表語用在系動詞后面 I’m feelin

6、g lonely.我感到孤獨。Mr. Yang is very strict with students.楊老師對學生非常嚴格。 3、作補足語 He found the house empty.他發(fā)現(xiàn)房子是空的。【賓語補足語】 The house was found empty.房子被發(fā)現(xiàn)是空的?！局髡Z補足語】 I think it impossible for him to complete the work before the dark. 我認為他不可能在天黑之前完成工作?！举e語補足語】 4、作狀語：形容詞作狀語說明主語的狀態(tài) Hungry and tired, I

7、 had to stop to have a rest.又累又餓，我只好停下來休息一下。 5、“The + 形容詞”表示一類人或物，作主語或賓語，作主語時位于用復數(shù)。 The new will take the place of the old. 新事物將代替舊事物。 考點對練1:用所給詞的適當形式填空 1.The baby ___________(sleep) is Mrs Green’s son. 2.The house ___________(fully) of smoke belongs to Mr. White. 3.The man _______________

8、(responsibility) for the trip is handsome. 4.He is the person________________(awareness) of the danger. 5.The river is twenty meters _____________(widely). =The river is twenty meters in _____________(wide). 6.He is the most ________________(handsomely) man that I have ever met. 7.If we know th

9、at gossip can be ___________(harm), then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip---the satisfaction it gives us. 8.Little Tom sat __________(amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front him. 9.The old ____________(be) more likely to catch cold than the young. 10.The

10、 weather forecast says it will be ________(cloud) with a slight chance of rain later tonight. 11.Listening is thus an active, not a ______________(passively), behavior consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering.Keys:1.asleep 2.full 3.responsible 4.aware 5.width 6.handsome 7.harmful

11、8.amazed. 9.are 10.cloudy 11.passive 形容詞和副詞考點2、-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的用法 -ed形容詞表示“人感到如何的”，-ing形容詞用來描寫事物，表示“令人怎么樣的” We were excited when we heard the exciting news.聽到這個令人激動的消息，我們感到興奮。 ?？嫉?ed形容詞和-ing形容詞 amazed（吃驚的） amused（愉悅的） annoyed（氣惱的） astonished（驚訝的） bored（厭煩的） confused（困惑的） disappointed

12、（失望的） discouraged（泄氣的） embarrassed（尷尬的，感到為難的） excited（興奮的） frightened（感到恐懼的） interested（感興趣的） puzzled（困惑的） satisfied（滿意的） shocked（感到震驚的） surprised（驚訝的） worried（擔心的） amazing(令人吃驚的) amusing（有趣的） annoying（使人氣惱的） astonishing（令人驚訝的） boring （厭煩的） confusing（令人困惑的） disappointing（令人失望的） dis

13、couraging（令人泄氣的） embarrassing（令人為難的） exciting（令人興奮的） frightening（令人恐懼的） interesting（有趣的） puzzling（令人困惑的） satisfying（令人滿意的） shocking（令人震驚的，可怕的） surprising（令人驚訝的） worrying（令人擔心的） 形容詞和副詞考點考點3、帶有-ly后綴的形容詞 friendly友好的, deadly致命的, lovely可愛的, lonely孤獨的, likely可能的, lively生動的，活潑的, ugly丑陋的

14、 注意：下列詞既可作形容詞也可做副詞 daily每日的（地），日常的 weekly每周的（地），monthly每月的（地） yearly每年的(地) early早的（地） 考點對練2:用所給詞的適當形式填空 1.The children were _______after the ________trip.（tire） 2.Tom’s parents are _________ at his _____________ results of the exams.（disappoint） 3.When hearing the_________ news that Michae

15、l Jackson passed away, they were________to look at each other. （surprise） 4.A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a___________ look on his face. （frighten） 5.Aids is a ______________(dead) disease, so we should protect ourselves from it. 6.It is___________( like) to rain in all parts o

16、f the country today. Keys:1.tired, tiring 2.disappointed, disappointing 3.surprising, surprised 4.frightened 5.deadly 6.likely 三、副詞考點精講： 副詞考點考點1、副詞的基本特征與功能 1、副詞主要修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，作狀語。 He worked hard all his life.他一輩子工作努力。 Fortunately. He was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 2、副

17、詞的構成 規(guī)則 例詞 1、在形容詞后加“l(fā)y” entire--entirely curious-- curiously exact--exactly fortunate--fortunately immediate-- immediately 2、將形容詞的詞尾 “l(fā)e”變?yōu)椤發(fā)y” comfortable—comfortably gentle—gently possible—possibly 3、輔音字母加“y”結尾的變y為“i加ly” busy—busily easy—easily heavy—heavily angry—angrily hun

18、gry—hungrily lucky—luckily happy—happily 4、特殊詞 true—truly 5、本身就是副詞 fast very quite 副詞考點2、兩種形式但意義不同的副詞 1、high(高)、highly(高度地) They can jump high. They think highly of us. 2、wide(寬)、widely(廣泛地) He opened his eyes wide. English is widely used in the world

19、. 3、deep(深) 、deeply(深深地) They worked deep into late. We were deeply moved by his words. 4、hard(努力)、hardly(幾乎不) Study hard and you will make progress. I can hardly recognize him. 5、close(近地)、closely(緊緊地，密切地) You’d better get close to him. Watch closely. 6、most(最,非

20、常)、mostly(大部分地，主要地) It’s a most interesting film. The audience consisted mostly of women. 7、late(晚，遲)、lately(最近) You have come too late. What have you been doing lately. 8、free(免費地)、freely(自由地) You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may spe

21、ak freely; say what you like. 考點對練3:用所給詞的適當形式填空 1.My sister can speak French ________________(fluent).key:fluently 2.You can only do so if you_________ (true) believe it.Key:truly 3.___________(unlucky),he got stuck in the traffic jam.Key: Unluckily 4.He pushed the stick _____________(depth)

22、into the mud.Key: deep 5.The boys are playing __________ (happy) with the games.key: happily 四、形容詞副詞比較級與最高級精講 1、比較級與最高級的構成 構成法 原級 比較級 最高級 ① 一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er 和 -est strong stronger strongest ② 單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結尾，只加-r 和-st strange stranger strangest ③ 閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母，須先 雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-er和-es

23、t sad big hot sadder bigger hotter saddest biggest hottest ④ 少數(shù)以-y, -er(或-ure), -ow, -ble結尾的雙音 節(jié)詞末尾加-er和-est (以-y結尾的詞，如y前是輔音字母，把y變成i，再加-er和-est，以-e結尾的詞仍加-r和-st) angry clever narrow noble angrier cleverer narrower nobler angriest cleverest narrowest noblest ⑤ 其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單

24、詞more和most difficult more difficult most difficult 不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級和最高級形式 原級 比較級 最高級 good / well better best bad / ill worse worst many / much more most little less least far farther further farthest (表距離) furthest (表程度) old older（年齡） elder（輩分） 注意：the elderly （老人） o

25、ldest eldest 2、形容詞副詞比較級與最高級用法 （1）as+原級+as 與....一樣 He likes maths as much as he likes English.他喜歡數(shù)學就像他喜歡英語一樣。 John works as hard as his brother.約翰工作和他哥哥一樣努力。 （2）not so/as+原級+as 與....不一樣 I can not type as fast as you我打字沒有你快。 This book is not as interesting as that one.這本書沒有那本書有趣。 （3）比

26、較級+than.... Japan is a little larger than Germany. 日本比德國大一點兒。 （4）“定冠詞＋形容詞最高級＋名詞＋表示范圍的短語或從句”(如of all, of the three, in the world, that has ever taken place等)。如： Of all of the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known. （5）副詞的最高級與形容詞最高級的區(qū)別在于副詞最高級前定冠詞the可以省略。如： He runs（the）f

27、astest of the three. 三個人中他跑得最快。 （6）比較級+and +比較級：越來越...... I’m convinced that our school will become better and better.我相信我們學校會越來越好。 （7）the +比較級， the +比較級：越......，（就）越........ The harder you study, the more progress you will make. 你學習越努力，你取得的進步就會越大。 （8）表示倍數(shù)的句型 A:“… times ＋形容詞 / 副詞的比較級＋ than

28、…” B:“… times +as + 形容詞 / 副詞的原級＋ as …” C:“… times + the + 名詞（如：size， height， weight， length， width 等）＋ of …” D:“… times + what 從句” EG:This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 這個大廳比我們的教室大 5 倍。 This dictionary is five times as thick as the one you borrowed from the library. 這本詞典的厚度

29、是你從圖書館借的那本（厚度）的 5 倍 This river is three times the depth of that one. 這條河是那條河的三倍深 The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago. 這條路的長度是三年前的 4 倍。 考點對練4:用所給詞的適當形式填空 1、【2014·全國大綱卷改編】Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the __________(good) possible education. 2、The number

30、of people present at the 2016 Olympic Games was much_________(large)than expected. It is hard to book a ticket. 3、This is ____________________(interesting) book that I have ever read. 4、Shenzhou XI is by far ___________(advanced) man-made spaceship in Chinese astronomy. 5、【2015·四川改編】7.Andy is con

31、tent with the toy. It is _________(good) he has ever got. 6、[2013·天津卷改編] I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are________（many）meaningful things to do. 1.best 2. larger 3.the most interesting 4.the most advanced 5.the best 6.more 五、考點應考技巧： 1、在語法填空題中，注意判斷空格處充當什么句子成分, 在名詞前作

32、定語，系動詞后作表語，賓語后面作賓語補足語時用形容詞；作狀語時用副詞。 2、在改錯題中，注意形容詞與副詞是否用錯，比較級、最高級與原級是否用錯。 3、注意標志性的詞語以及上下文隱含的比較的含義：如than, as...as, more等。 六、考點精練 (一)單句語法填空 1.【2021·全國甲卷】After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 45 (good) than

33、 to ride on a piece of history! Key:better考查形容詞比較級。句意：在花了一些時間查看了城墻上所有的防御設備之后，我們決定是時候采取一些行動了，還有什么比騎在歷史上更好的呢。根據后文比較連（介）詞than可知，此處應用形容詞good的比較級。故填better。 2.【2021·全國甲卷】but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 50 (d

34、ay) routines. Key: daily 3.【2021·全國乙卷】 It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61 (educate)about the areas. Key: educated 考查形容詞。句意：這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游，因為它能讓旅行者了解這個地區(qū)。分析句子成分可知，此處查固定搭配become educated about表示“對……有所了解”。故填educated。 4.【2021·全國乙卷】Provide 68(finance)aid an

35、d other benefits for local peoples. Key: financial 5.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】It will 58(undoubted) help you get refreshed! Key:undoubtedly 考查副詞。句意：它無疑會幫助你恢復精神！修飾動詞help，應用副詞undoubtedly“毫無疑問地”。故填undoubtedly。 6.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the59 (hot)

36、the spring! Key: hotter 查形容詞比較級。句意：關于黃山溫泉讓人驚訝的是，氣溫越低，溫泉越暖和。此處是固定結構“the +比較級，the+比較級”，意為“越……，越……”。故填hotter。 7.2021·新高考Ⅰ卷But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60 (astonish). Key:astonished 考查形容詞。句意：但大自然就是這樣——總是讓我們驚訝。此處是“l(fā)eave +賓語+賓語補足語”，補充說明賓語us的感受，應用-ed結尾形容詞。故填astonished。 8.【2021·浙江

37、高考卷】When the house was built, it was much 39（small）than it is today. Key: smaller 考查形容詞。句意：這棟房子建成時比現(xiàn)在小得多。結合設空前的much和設空后的than可知，此處考查形容詞比較級固定結構much+比較級+than，提示詞small的比較級形式為smaller。故填smaller。 9.【2020·全國Ⅰ卷】Landing on the moon’s far side is 62　 (extreme) challenging. Key: extremely?？疾楦痹~。修飾形容詞challeng

38、ing要用副詞。故填extremely。 10.【2020·全國Ⅰ卷】The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山), more so 　65　 the familiar near side. Key:than?？疾檫B詞。根據前面的more可知,此處考查連詞than。more...than...比……多?！霸虑虮趁嬗泻芏嗌钌畹沫h(huán)形山,比我們熟悉的近側更多?！? 11.【(2020·全國Ⅰ卷】Data about the mo

39、on’s composition, such as how 69　ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. Key: much 考查形容詞。ice是不可數(shù)名詞,故表達詢問“多少冰” 時用how much ice。 12.【2020?全國Ⅱ卷】Orange trees are more 64. decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune a

40、nd wealth. Key:than。考查固定搭配。more than在此處表示“不僅僅”。句意:橘樹不僅僅是裝飾;它們是好運和財富的象征。 13.【2020?全國Ⅱ卷】 Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.66. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Key:certainly 14.【2020?全國Ⅱ卷】The 69.(beauty) long b

41、ranches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. Key:beautiful。考查詞性轉換。此處需要形容詞和long并列修飾后面的名詞branches。 15.【2020?全國Ⅲ卷】One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (畫像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62　 (fine) work, so that he could choose the be

42、st. Key:finest?？疾樾稳菰~最高級?？崭裰械脑~修飾的是work,根據后文中the best可知應填fine的最高級finest。 16.【2020?全國Ⅲ卷】As the small boat moved68　 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. Key: gently?？疾楦痹~,空格處修飾的是前面的動詞moved,應用副詞gently。 17.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】In the 18th and 19

43、th centuries, 　36　(wealth)people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. Key:wealthy?？疾樾稳菰~。分析句子結構可知修飾名詞主語people,要用形容詞。 18.【2020?浙江高考】Farming produced more food per person 　58　hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. Key: than?？疾楸容^級。此處指農業(yè)比狩獵和采

44、集的人均生產的糧食多。 19.【2019·全國卷Ⅰ】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 　62　 (poor) studied; Key: poorly考查副詞。修飾謂語動詞has been studied作狀語,應用副詞形式,故填poorly。 20、【2018·全國I】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __

45、____(long) than non-runners.Key:longer 21、【2018·全國I】While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life______ walking, cycling or swimming. Key:than 22、【2018·全國II】A taste for meat is ______ (actual) behind the change: An important part of i

46、ts corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.Key：actually 23、【2018·全國II】According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ______ (globe)fertilizer consumption. Key:global 24、【2018·全國III】He screams the__________(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male (gori

47、lla大猩猩) beats his chest and charges toward me.Key:loudest 25、【2018·浙江】The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be [1]_____(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even [2]______ (high) cost on your health. Key:affordable / higher 26、【吉林長春2018屆高三年級四?！緼nd if

48、 the worst comes to the worst, remember the old English proverb, “ ______ (well) late than never.”key: better 27、【長沙市雅禮中學、河南省實驗中學2018屆高三聯(lián)考】But while I was out of the room, Chip（鸚鵡名） climbed onto the bowl to have a taste but soon fell in and sank.______ (luck), Goldie（鸚鵡名）was on hand and stuck her f

49、ace in the bowl to fish Chip out. Key:luckily 【on hand在手邊，在附近，在場】【stick插入;刺入】 28、【湖北襄陽四中2018屆高三5月第四次模擬】It is [1]______ (increase) clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is partly because China skipped over the PC age and went directly to mobile. China has the [2]_

50、_____ (large) mobile use in the world. Key: increasingly/largest 29、【河北石家莊二中2018屆高三仿真模擬（一）】Official data show that the country’s digital economy added up to 22.58 trillion yuan last year, ranking second _______ (global) and accounting for around 30 percent of national GDP. key：globally 30、【河南鄭州

51、2018屆高三下期第三次模擬】However, he(Stephen Hawking) went on to become one of the _____ (great) minds the world has ever known.Key:greatest 31.So get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch. Key:as (二)單句語法改錯 1.【2021年全國甲卷】In my opinion, when in trouble, we should seek help from t

52、hose we trust mostly. Key:考查形容詞。此處表示最信任的人。mostly表示 "主要地；通常"; most表示（程度）最大。故mostly 改為most。 2.【2021年全國乙卷】What's most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. Key:①What's more 表示 "更重要的是；另外" 。故把most改為more。 ②把mentally改為mental, 考查形容詞作定語。此處應該用形容詞修飾后面的名詞relaxation。 3.【2020

53、·全國卷I】Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. Key:考查形容詞。句意：今天我自己嘗試做一道簡單的菜。根據名詞dish可知，此處應用形容詞作定語，故將simply改為simple。 4.【2020·全國卷II】I’m surely you’ll have a good time. Key:考查形容詞。句意：我確信你會玩得很開心的。分析句子，此處be動詞am后面需用形容詞作表語。故將surely改為sure。 5.【2020·全國卷III】In order to make surely all of us are in good he

54、alth, she makes specific plans for us. Key:句意：為了確保我們所有人身體好，她為我們制定了特殊的計劃。make sure確保，該短語是固定短語，所以副詞surely改成形容詞sure。 6.【2019·全國卷I】I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. Key:將interesting改為interested。 7.【2019·全國卷I】I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playg

55、round. Key:考查副詞?！癶ard（努力地；費力地）”與“hardly（幾乎不；幾乎沒有）”都為副詞，但是詞義不同。本句意思為：我擋住足球，并使勁地將它踢回操場。故將hardly改為hard。 8.【2019·全國卷II】First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Key:考查形容詞的用法。句中的“l(fā)ooked（看起來…樣）”為系動詞，系動詞后需用形容詞作表語。故將coolly改為cool。 9.【2019·全國卷II】I wanted to be a teacher because I li

56、ked my English teacher too much. Key:將too改為very/so。 10.【2019·全國卷II】One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. Key:將amazing改為amazed。 11.【2019·全國卷III】What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. Key:考查形容詞的用法。修

57、飾名詞cafe，應用形容詞。ordinarily 是副詞。故把 ordinarily改為 ordinary。 12.【2018·全國I】I felt happily that their life had improved. Key：happily--happy 13.【2018·全國III】I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people. Key:larger-large 14.【2017全國I】I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which directio

58、n was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.Key: 劃掉much late--later suddenly--sudden 15.【2017全國II】In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden. key: intere

59、sting--interested 16.【2017全國II】They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. Key: earlier--early 17.【2017全國III】I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. Key:difference--different late--latest 18.【2016全國I】My unc

60、le says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. Key:steady--steadily 19.【2016全國II】I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. key：many--much 20.The teenage years from 13 to 19

61、were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. Key:worse--worst (三)形容詞和副詞語篇填空訓練 Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains [1]_______ much. It is not true. Through many studies,scientists show us that the [2]_______(much) you use y

62、our brain,the better it will be and the [3]________(clever) you’ll become. Of course, if you want to keep your mind [4]___________(clearly) and active, you must take a proper rest and study [5]__________(proper). To the teenagers, using their brains in the morning is [6]________(well) for their hea

63、lth. There are many ways to rest.One is a [7]_________(peace) rest. Sleep is a peaceful rest. Another is an [8]________(act) rest. For example, take a walk [9]___________(outdoor) and do more exercise every day. To change the way of brains’ activities is also a good way to rest. In everyday life, to eat some eggs,meat, fresh vegetables and fruit is also good for the brain. Wish you a wise man and a [10]__________(happily) life. Key:1.too 2.more 3.cleverer 4.clear 5.properly 6.good 7.peaceful 8.active 9.outdoors 10.happy