【初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),初中英語語法例題解析】

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1、【初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),初中英語語法例題解析】 ★清華大學(xué)★英語系測(cè)試：為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做. 官方網(wǎng)站： 清華大學(xué)英語教授研究組提供 初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),初中英語語法例題解析 一、冠詞: 冠詞用在名詞的前面，有定冠詞“the”與不定冠詞“a；an”之分。定冠詞表示“確指”，譯作“這(那)個(gè)”；不定冠詞表示“泛指”，譯作“一個(gè)”。 例題解析: ( ) _____ lady over there is _____ university teacher. A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the

2、 “over there”意為“那邊的”，是后置定語，它表示前面名詞“l(fā)ady”（女士）是“確指”的說法，因此要加上定冠詞“the”。后半句意為“一位大學(xué)教師”，是泛指的說法，因此要加上不定冠詞“a”或“an”。由于“university”的讀音起始于輔音“j”，因此要加定冠詞“a”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。 ( ) He prefers playing _____ piano to playing _____ hockey. A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the “piano”意為“鋼琴”，屬于樂器，要求前面加定冠詞“

3、the”。后半句中“hockey”意為“曲棍球”，屬于球類活動(dòng)，要求不加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。 ( ) Mr. Black was made _____ manager of our company. A) / B) a C) an D) the “manager”表示被選的職位，前面不應(yīng)加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。 此外，冠詞還有許多特殊的用法： 1. 由普通名詞組成的專有名詞前，要加定冠詞，如：the Great Wall（長城） 2. 在拼音名詞前，一般不加任何冠詞，如：Thomas Green

4、；Changfeng Park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前，即使是拼音名詞，也要加定冠詞“the”，如：the Dongting Lake 4. 一般用“單數(shù)名詞加‘a(chǎn)’；復(fù)數(shù)名詞不加‘the’”來表示“泛指”的意思。 習(xí)題訓(xùn)練： Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)): ( ) 1. There is _____ “u” in _____ word “uniform.”. A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the ( ) 2.

5、 _____ sign here stands for _____ mistake. A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the ( ) 3. We made Joyce _____ monitor ____ her experience. A) a, because B) the, because C) / , because of D) the , because of ( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote ____ article on Shanghai International Art

6、 Festival. A) the B) an C) a D) / ( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _____ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _____ teacher is from Australia. A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A ( ) 6. Paul is _____ European student. He likes to study _____ history of China. A) a, the B) a, / C) an, the D

7、) an, / ( ) 7. This is _____ honey. As we all know, _____ honey is sweet. A) / , the B) / , / C) the, / D) the, the ( ) 8. They didn't catch the last train because of _____. A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic C) heavy traffic D) a hea

8、vy traffic ( ) 9. It won't take long, it's only _____ walk. A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes' C) ten minutes D) ten-minute's 二、名詞: 名詞表示人或物體的名稱，有普通名詞(park)、專有名詞(Peter；Party)、集合名詞(family, class, police)、縮寫名詞(SARS, CEO, WTO)……等?？傮w上說，它們可以分成兩大類；即可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。要注意它們?cè)诰渲械牟煌蠛妥兓? 例題解析:

9、 ( ) His grandfather is _____. A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green 英語中，人的姓名排列是倒過來的；先是名，即“first name”，后為姓，即“second name”，也可叫做“family name”或“surname”。做這類題目，必須先搞清楚哪個(gè)單詞是表示名字，哪個(gè)單詞是表示姓氏，名字還要分清男女性別。這道題中說的是“爺爺”，是男名，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。 ( ) _____ are playing tennis

10、 in the playground. A) The Browns B) The Brown's C) Browns D) Brown's 英語中，姓氏前加定冠詞“the”，后面加“s”，有“一家人”之意。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。 ( ) Be careful. There is a _____ hole in the ground. A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep D) two-feet deep 這道題目考的是復(fù)合形容詞。在復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞

11、應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式，在整個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞中的各個(gè)單詞都要用短橫“–”來連接。由于它被看作為一個(gè)普通的形容詞，因此，在可數(shù)名詞前還要再加上冠詞。此句中，“一個(gè)兩英尺深的洞”應(yīng)譯為“a two-foot-deep hole”，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。 ( ) He’s got bad toothache. He’d better go to _____. A) dentist B) the dentist C) the dentist’s D) see the dentists “去看牙科醫(yī)生”可譯為“go to see the dentist”或“go to the denti

12、st’s”。后一個(gè)詞語中的“the dentist’s”表示“the dentist’s clinic”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。 ( ) The _____ teachers wondered if the _____ students were in trouble. A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys 英語中，“女教師們”應(yīng)該譯為“women teachers”，而“男學(xué)生們” 應(yīng)該譯為“boy students”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。 ( ) _____ came t

13、hat Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores. A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words “據(jù)說”在英語中有多種說法：“It was said that”、“Word came that”、“News came that”、“A message came that”……等。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。 ( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _____. A) his eye B) his

14、eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own “catch one’s eye”是固定詞組，意為“引起某人注意”；即“be noticed by sb.”。此句中，“eye”是“視線”之意，由“eyesight”演變而來。隨著語言的發(fā)展，一些詞語會(huì)產(chǎn)生演變，大致上都是朝“簡單化”方向發(fā)展，如：“countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、 “campsite”→“camp”、“in the daytime”→“in the day”……等。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。 ( ) The lady with long ___

15、__ found her husband had already got three gray _____. A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair 要掌握英語中哪些是可數(shù)名詞，哪些是不可數(shù)名詞。但是有些名詞具有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)兩種性質(zhì)，要靠具體說法來判別。如這道題中的“hair”（頭發(fā)）就是這類詞。前半句說的是“一頭長發(fā)”，是不可數(shù)名詞；后半句說的是“三根白發(fā)”，是可數(shù)名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。 習(xí)題訓(xùn)練： Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表

16、示，填入空格內(nèi)): ( ) 1. He has got _____ to tell you. A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news ( ) 2. It’s seven o’clock. _____ are sitting at table. A) Mr. Greens B) The Green's C) The Greens D) Greens ( ) 3. Your brother is the same ______ mine.

17、 A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like ( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us ______. A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste ( ) 5. A lemon is the same ______ as a banana. A) yellow B) colour C) fresh D) sweet ( ) 6. What kind of ______ do yo

18、u like best? A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons ( ) 7. Look at this magazine. Let’s do the ______ about eating habits. A) quiz B) list C) cooking D) dinner 三、代詞: 代詞是名詞的代用詞，有指示代詞(this, those)、人稱代詞主賓格(I, me)、形容詞性物主代詞(my)、名詞性物主代詞(m

19、ine)、反身代詞(myself)、不定代詞(either, others, anything, nobody)。其中，不定代詞的變化最復(fù)雜。在不同的句子中，它們的變化和要求都不一樣，這一點(diǎn)我們一定要有充分的認(rèn)識(shí)，不能掉以輕心。 例題解析: ( ) Would you please give _____? A) him it B) it him C) to him it D) it to him 英語中，當(dāng)直接賓語（人）與間接賓語（物）都用人稱代詞時(shí)，一定要先講間接賓語（物）后講直接賓語（人），而且要在直接賓語（人）前加上介詞“to”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。

20、( ) She always thinks of _____ more than _____. A) others, her B) the others, she C) others, herself D) the others, herself 在英語中，“別人”屬于“泛指”，應(yīng)譯為“others”。后半句是介詞“of”的賓語。由于這里的“她”與主語的“她”是屬于同一個(gè)人，因此不能用人稱代詞賓格作賓語，要用反身代詞作賓語才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。 ( ) Some people like watching the sports news, _____ pre

21、fer TV series. A) the others B) the other C) others D) another 在英語中，“一些……，另一些……”有兩種譯法：“Some …, the others …”是屬于“非此即彼”的兩部分情況，而“Some …, others …”是指有第三部分的情況存在。本題意為“一部分人喜歡看體育消息，而另一部分人比較欣賞電視劇”，顯然還有其他人喜歡其他的內(nèi)容，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。 ( ) The light in the room was too poor for _____ to see it clearly.

22、 A) everyone B) someone C) anyone D) none 英語中，“too … to”意為“太……而不能”，具有否定的含義。因此，“for sb.”中應(yīng)該選運(yùn)用在否定句中的“anyone”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。 ( ) _____ the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it. A) Some B) Much C) The most of D) Most of 帶有定冠詞“the”的名詞前，應(yīng)該用代詞詞組：“some of”（

23、意為“其中一些”）、“much of”（意為“其中許多”）、“most of”（意為“其中大多數(shù)”）……等?！皌he mose of”（意為“其中最多的”）在本句中的譯法欠妥，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。 ( ) Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? I’m afraid _____ day is possible A) either B) each C) both D) neither 在英語中，有“兩者”和“三者以上”的不同詞語說法：“both”意為“兩者都”、“all”意為“三者以上都”、“neithe

24、r”意為“兩者都不”、“none”或“no one”意為“三者以上都不”、“either”意為“兩者之一”、“one”意為“三者以上之一”、“between”意為“兩者之間”、“among”意為“三者以上之間”。根據(jù)本題句意，答句應(yīng)該是說“我恐怕沒有一天能行”， 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。 ( ) There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, _____ two are downstairs. A) other B) the other C) others D) the others 在英語中，“另兩個(gè)

25、”的譯法有多種：“the other two”、“the others”、“the rest”。由于本句中講到三間浴室，“另兩間”的說法應(yīng)該是“確指”的，因此，必須有定冠詞“the”。又由于后句已經(jīng)寫了“two”，因此這里要選作形容詞用的“other”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。 ( ) The dishes on Table One are much fewer than _____ on Table Two. A) that B) those C) dishes D) / 要注意所比較的兩個(gè)對(duì)象具有對(duì)稱性：這句是“the dishes on Table One”（

26、一桌上的菜）和“the dishes on Table Two”（二桌上的菜）作比較，因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略?！皌hat”與“those”是比較級(jí)句中的專用代詞。由于該句中所比較的對(duì)象是復(fù)數(shù)，因此，要用“those”來代替前面的名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。 ( ) There are more people in this room than _____ in that one. A) that B) those C) people D) / 要注意在“There is …”或“There are …”的比較級(jí)句型中，習(xí)慣上不用上題所講到的專用代詞。所以本題

27、答案應(yīng)該選“D”。 習(xí)題訓(xùn)練： Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福肁、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)): ( ) 1. Show your watch ______ me. ______ is slow. A) to, Mine B) to, My C) for, Mine D) for, My ( ) 2. ______ do you like ______, the summer holidays or the winter holidays? A) What, better B) What, bes

28、t C) Which, better D) Which, best ( ) 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of _____ taken in her housing estate. A) herself B) her C) her’s D) myself ( ) 4. She told Jack, Tom and me to _____ among _____. A) talk it over, us B) talk over it, us C) talk it over, ourselves

29、D) talk over it, ourselves ( ) 5. I’ll do it by myself. I won’t need _____ help. A) anyone’s else B) anyone else’s C) anyone others’ D) other anyone’s ( ) 6. I heard _____ until my friend told me about it. A) everything B) something C) nothing D) anything ( ) 7. Would you like _____

30、 more bread, Jack? A) any B) another C) little D) a little ( ) 8. Only one student got the right answer. But _____ didn’t. A) the other B) another C) others D) the rest ( ) 9. He doesn't think _____ of them will go there with you. A) none B) some C) many D) much (

31、 )10. The film is dull and _____ people like it. A) a few B) few C) a little D) little ( )11. Have you all _____? A) got ready everything B) got everything ready for C) got everything ready D) got ready for everything ( )12. Help _____ to s

32、ome sweets, everyone. A) yourselves B) your own C) yourself D) by yourself ( )13. He has six uncles. Five of them are doctors and _____ is a driver. A) another B) the sixth C) other D) the other ( )14. Believe or not, I did it all by _______. A) me

33、 B) us C) myself D) ourselves ( )15. A: Are these two books yours ? B: No, _____ of them is mine. A) either B) none C) both D) neither ( )16. Neither of the twins _____ the toy train. A) like B) likes C) is l

34、ike D) are like 四、數(shù)詞: 數(shù)詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞之分：基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量概念；序數(shù)詞表示順序概念。首先要注意一些數(shù)詞在寫法上的變化，如：forty；ninth；twentieth更要注意它們?cè)诰渥又械牟煌梅ê妥兓? 例題解析: ( ) About _____ students went to the picture show that day. A) hundreds of B) two hundreds C) two hundred of D) two hundred “about”意為“大約”，是指具體數(shù)量，

35、因此，不能用表示不定數(shù)量的詞語“hundreds of”（意為“成百個(gè)”）。在表示確定數(shù)量時(shí)，英語中的“hundred”不加“s”，即不變復(fù)數(shù)。再由于“students”前沒有定冠詞“the”，不是“其中”之意，因此，也不能加介詞“of”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。 ( ) _____ of _____ Class Four students have joined the singing group. A) Three-fifths, the B) Three-fifth, the C) Three-fifths, / D) Three-fifth, / 英語中

36、，“幾分之幾”的表達(dá)方式是分子用基數(shù)詞、分母用序數(shù)詞，中間用短橫“–”連接。當(dāng)分子大于“一”時(shí)，分母序數(shù)詞要加“s”。再由于本題句中數(shù)量用的是“of”詞組，即意為“其中的五分之三”，因此后面的名詞“students”必定是“確指”的，要加定冠詞“the”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。在這里要特別注意的是：不要看到“students”前有修飾詞“Class Four”就不敢加定冠詞“the”，要懂得這里的“the”是修飾“students”的。同樣，“the English language”詞語的表達(dá)形式也類似于此種情況。 習(xí)題訓(xùn)練: Choose the best answer (選擇最

37、恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)): ( ) 1.John has twelve coins and Joan has _____ ones, three times as many as John. A) thirteen B) fifteen C) thirty-six D) forty-eight ( ) 2.The post code used in our neighbourhood is _____. A) 56348574 B) 200333 C) a quarter D) a dozen ( ) 3.Today is her bro

38、ther’s birthday. _____ is on _____. A) She, fifth of May B) She, May fifth C) Hers, May fifth D) Hers, May the fifth ( ) 4. _____ of the students go to school by bike. A) Two-three B) Two-thirds C) Two-threes D) Two-third ( ) 5.There are about _____ seats in the hall. A

39、) two hundreds B) two hundred C) hundreds of D) two hundred of ( ) 6. A: How often should we publish the paper? B: _____. A) In one week’s time B) Once a month C) After two weeks D) For half a month ( ) 7. About _____ the students went to the Science Museum last Thursday.

40、 A) hundreds of B) two hundred C) two hundred of D) two hundreds 五、介詞: 介詞是一種虛詞，它不能單獨(dú)使用，后面要跟名詞、人稱代詞賓格或動(dòng)名詞。同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，搭配不同的介詞，可以衍變出各種不同含義的詞組來，而且在不同場(chǎng)合所用介詞也各不相同。因此，介詞的用法是比較復(fù)雜的，要求我們?nèi)ブ饌€(gè)記住。只有在看懂、理解整個(gè)句意的前提下，才能選對(duì)正確的介詞。 例題解析: ( ) Mr. Brown flew to Washington _____ the night before last.

41、A) in B) on C) at D) / 在表達(dá)某一天的具體時(shí)間時(shí)，應(yīng)該用介詞“on”。但是本句是表達(dá)“在前天的夜里”，與“在前天”(the day before yesterday）相仿，前面不該用任何介詞，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。 ( ) The school gate is ______ the north of the classroom building. A) in B) to C) on D) at 在英語中，表達(dá)“東、南、西、北”的方位介詞常見有三個(gè)：表示在方位區(qū)域的內(nèi)部時(shí)，用介詞“in”。如：

42、The playground is in the south of the school.（操場(chǎng)在學(xué)校的南面。）表示在與方位區(qū)域連壤的外部時(shí)，應(yīng)該用介詞“on”。如：Room 203 is on the west of Room 205.（203室在205室的西面。）表示在與方位區(qū)域不連壤的外部時(shí)，應(yīng)該用介詞“to”。如：Shanghai is to the east of Nanjing.（上海在南京的東面。）本題的“校門”在“教學(xué)大樓”的北面，應(yīng)該用介詞“to”，所以答案應(yīng)該選“B”。 ( ) You’ll get one thousand dollars _____. A)

43、 after all B) at all C) in all D) all together “after all”意為“到底”、“畢竟”、“終于”；“at all”通常與“not”連用，意為“完全不”、“一點(diǎn)也不”；“in all”通常用于數(shù)量詞后面，意為“總共”，同義詞是“altogether”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。 ( ) This bus can run _____ 70 miles an hour. A) for B) with C) at D) in 在表示“速度”、“溫度”、“價(jià)格”意思時(shí)，應(yīng)該用介詞“at”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。

44、 ( ) It’s said he stayed there quietly _____ two o’clock that afternoon. A) on B) at C) until D) by “at two o’clock that afternoon”意為“在昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘”，時(shí)態(tài)通常用“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”；“by two o’clock that afternoon”意為“在昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘前”， 時(shí)態(tài)通常用“過去完成時(shí)”；“until two o’clock that afternoon”意為“直到昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘”， 時(shí)態(tài)通常用“一般過去時(shí)”。本句中“stay”是延續(xù)動(dòng)

45、詞，因此可用“until”句型；如果句中謂語是瞬間動(dòng)詞的話，就應(yīng)該用“not …until”句型了。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。 ( ) Tom didn’t attend the lecture yesterday evening _____ his illness. A) as B) for C) because D)because of 在本句中，“因?yàn)樯　笔且粋€(gè)詞語，而不是原因狀語從句，因此，不能選連詞“as”、“for”或“because”來連接，而要用介詞詞組“because of”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。 ( ) Now it’s quite

46、important _____ us to make full use of time. A) for B) to C) of D) with “It’s important to sb.”（ 意為“它對(duì)某人來說很重要”）是詞語搭配，“It’s … for sb. to do …”（意為“做某事對(duì)某人來說是怎樣的”）是句型。當(dāng)兩者交叉、重疊使用時(shí)，詞語要讓位于句型。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。同樣，“I like it so much that …”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”，也屬于這種類型的表達(dá)方式。 ( ) It’s nice _____ you to ge

47、t the ticket _____ F1. It’s said the car-race is very exciting. A) of, for B) for, for C) of, of D) for, of 這句是“It’s … of sb. to do”句型，意為“某人真是怎么樣，做了某事”。后半句中“ticket for”是固定詞語，意為“什么內(nèi)容的票子”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。 習(xí)題訓(xùn)練: Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)): ( ) 1. You can draw it ____

48、__ paints and brushes. A) by B) with C) in D) use ( ) 2. What did you have ______ breakfast? A) as B) with C) about D) for ( ) 3. The police _____ helping to make our city a safe place to live and work _____. A) is, in B) are, in C) is, /

49、 D) are, / ( ) 4. I’ve got three question _____ you to think about. A) of B) for C) give D) to show ( ) 5. We can ask people _____ the Festival to do the quiz. A) in B) on C) at D) for ( ) 6. What happens when we put some sugar _____ a glass of warm

50、 water? A) on B) off C) out D) into ( ) 7. _____ they arrived at the village after all. A) At the end B) In the end C) Last D) Attentively ( ) 8. The class teacher was sent _____ Christmas cards _____ some of the students. A) to, by B) / , by C) to, from D) / ,

51、 to ( ) 9. Q: What is that film _____? A: It’s a science film. A) like B) about C) on D) for ( )10. Why not ask your friend _____ some advice if you’re really in trouble? A) offer B) to give C) to D) for ( )11. The beautiful house is _____ sale. But it won’t be _____ sale. A)

52、on, for B) for, on C) with, for D) with, on ( )12. The weather here was _____ cold last week. A) a kind B) a kind of C) kind of D) kinds of ( )13. The singing group is made _____ four handsome lads. A) of B) from C) up of D) up from ( )14. Something _____ wrong _____ my watch,

53、I'm afraid. A) is, with B) is, in C) are, with D) are, in ( )15. There _____ a man and two women _____ the picture. A) is, on B) are, in C) are, on D) is, in ( )16. Mary doesn’t know what lies ahead. _____ , she’s only 12. A) At all

54、 B) In all C) After all D) For all ( )17. Should we _____ the postage _____ the parcel by ourselves? A) pay, on B) pay, of C) pay for, on D) pay for, of ( )18. Alice _____ her service to the public. A) was awarded the prize for B) was deserved to get the prize for

55、 C) was proud for D) was pleased for 六.動(dòng)詞: 動(dòng)詞八種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和幾種變化形式 八種時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (經(jīng)常,反復(fù),愛好,特點(diǎn),條件,真理) do; does am;is;are done 一般過去時(shí) (過去發(fā)生的事,不強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果) did; -ed was;were done 一般將來時(shí) (將要發(fā)生的事)

56、 will do will be done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) (當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事) was;were doing was;were being done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (過去發(fā)生的事,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果) have;has done have;has been done 過去完成時(shí) (過去完成的事；過去以前發(fā)生的事) had done had been done 過去

57、將來時(shí) (過去將要發(fā)生的事) would do would be done * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 不定式: do; not do; to do; not to do 命令式: do; don't do 現(xiàn)在分詞: doing 動(dòng)名詞: doing 過去分詞: done 例題解析: ( ) Look. Mary _____ a n

58、ice dog. She _____ it just now. A) has drawn, drew B) drew, has drawn C) is drawing, drew D) is drawing, has drawn 在“Look”、“It’s evening”、“Where is sb. …?”等句子后面，可能要用“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”，也有可能要用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”。反正，要根據(jù)具體情況來具體分析，考慮問題一定要從整體情況著眼。本題后半句“just now”意為“剛才”，很明顯要用“一般過去時(shí)”，因此前句如用“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”就不妥，造成句意邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤。前句用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”才對(duì)。所

59、以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。 ( ) This kind of fridge _____ very well. A) sell B) sells C) are sold D) is sold 在英語中，表達(dá)某物銷路不錯(cuò)，要用表示“特點(diǎn)”的“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”形式，而不能用“被賣”這種被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式來表示。由于本句主語“this kind of fridge”是單數(shù)第三人稱，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。 ( ) What _____ Mr. Smith? He looks worried so much. A) happ

60、ens with B) happens to C) happened with D) happened to 在英語中，“發(fā)生”通?？勺g為“happened”或“took place”，要注意它不能變“被動(dòng)語態(tài)”。本題之意是“史密斯先生發(fā)生了什么事？他顯得很焦慮?！币虼?，“發(fā)生”不能用表示經(jīng)常行為的“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”形式，應(yīng)該用“一般過去時(shí)”的“happened to sb.”固定詞組來表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。 ( ) Mary: Shall I tell Michael about the news? Jack: No, you __________. He’s al

61、ready known it. A) can’t B) mustn’t C) needn’t D) don’t 本題是考核情態(tài)動(dòng)詞句型的正確回答。在“Must I do …?”、“Shall I do …?”、“Would you like me to do …?”問句后面都可以用“No, you needn’t.”(不必要)來回答。本題根據(jù)后句的句意應(yīng)該選此回答為妥。所以答案應(yīng)該選“C”。在“May I …?”問句后面，通常有以下幾種否定回答：1. No, you mustn’t. 2.No, you may not. 3. Sorry

62、, you can’t. 4.I’m afraid you can’t. 5. No, you can’t. ( ) _____ clothes are usually _____ near a fire in winter. A) Washed, hung B) Washed, hanged C) Washing, hung D) Washing, hanged “washed”意為“被洗過的”，可以修飾“衣服”；“washing”意為“正在洗的”，它該修飾人、不該修飾“衣服”。后句意為“被掛在火爐旁”，該用過去分詞“hung”才對(duì)?！癶anged”也是“hang”的

63、過去分詞，但是它的意思是“被絞死”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。 ( ) The book _____ by me. I _____ it to a friend of mine. A) is written, sent B) is written, have sent C) was written, sent D) was written, have sent “書是被某人寫的”、“書是在某地方被寫的”都是表示發(fā)生在以前的動(dòng)作，該用一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如過說“書是被用英語寫的”，那就是指書的特點(diǎn)了，就該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)了。后半句意為“我把它寄給朋友了”是

64、強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在書不在我這里。不是強(qiáng)調(diào)過去寄的，不該用一般過去時(shí)，而該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。這種類型的時(shí)態(tài)，學(xué)生最容易錯(cuò)，千萬要注意。英語中有許多動(dòng)作是以前發(fā)生的、但沒有時(shí)間狀語的句子都用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。 ( ) Mr. Jackson _____ the city quite well since he _____ in the city for a couple of years. A) knows, was B) has known, was C) knows, has been D) has known, has been 本句中的“since”不

65、是“自從”之意，因此，前半句與后半句用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”和“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”的形式做是錯(cuò)誤的。本句中的“since”意為“由于”，與“as”近義。根據(jù)句意，“熟悉城市”是表示杰克遜先生的“特點(diǎn)”，要用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表達(dá)；“他來到這個(gè)城市有兩、三年了”是表示到現(xiàn)在為止的結(jié)果情況，要用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。 ( ) Could you tell me _____? A) how to do it B) why do it C) how to do D) what to do it 由于“do”通常用作及物動(dòng)詞，因此要注意它有否賓語。要避

66、免“C”的沒有賓語和“D”的重疊賓語的錯(cuò)誤?！癇”是不定式遺漏了“to”，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。關(guān)于“do”的這種特點(diǎn)很重要，為了熟記它，可以背一句口訣：“how to do it, what to do”。 ( ) English is his favourite subject. He can _____ it very fluently. A) say B) talk C) speak D) tell 由于后句“it”指的是“English”，因此要用動(dòng)詞“speak”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”?！皌alk”是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不跟賓語?！皊peak”既可作不及物動(dòng)詞用，也可作及物動(dòng)詞，賓語只能是語言?！皌ell”的賓語有限；有“a story”、“the difference”、“the truth”、“a lie”、“the time”等?！皊ay”可跟的賓語最多，不再一一例舉。由此句我們得到啟示；即我們?cè)谧隽?xí)題時(shí)不要被單詞的表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑，一定要看清楚它的內(nèi)涵，即注意到它的真正含義是什么。再舉兩