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1、第十一節(jié) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1.定義:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣的動(dòng)詞,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語,只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本概述情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本概述 2.特點(diǎn):(1) 絕大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化 (have to除外)。(2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形,即:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。否定式構(gòu)成是在其后面加not,即:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形。(3) 個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式,過去式用來表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語氣,時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng),可用于過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼?.常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞歸類:(4) 只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:can, could, may, mi
2、ght, must(5) 可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:need考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本概述情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本概述 (3)可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可作助動(dòng)詞:will, would, shall, should(4)特殊的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: have to, ought to考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本概述情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本概述考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 can的基本用法的基本用法 1.表示有能力做某事,意為“能夠; 會”。He can speak English. Can you play basketball?No, I cant. 2.表示許可或請求許可,意為“可以”。Can I take a look at your
3、new watch?Yes, please!3.表示推測,一般用在疑問句中或否定句中,即can be表推測,意為“可能是”; cant be表示否定推測,意為“不可能”。 Can the news be true?Mr. Zhang cant be in the office. He has gone to the library.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 can的基本用法的基本用法 4. could為can的過去式,它可以代替can用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),但語氣較為客氣、委婉。Could I use your computer?考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 can的基本用法的基本用法考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 may的基本用法的基本用法1.表
4、示許可或者請求許可,意為“可以”。You may come if you wish.May I come in? 2.在回答以may提問的問句時(shí),肯定回答一般可仍用may或Yes, please./Certainly./Sure./Of course. 否定回答根據(jù)說話人的語氣由強(qiáng)到弱分別選用: mustnt/cant/may not.May I watch TV?No, you mustnt. You must play the piano first.3.表示可能性或推測,意為“可能; 也許”,用于肯定句??键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 may的基本用法的基本用法It may rain later this
5、 afternoon.【辨析】【辨析】may be & maybe在may be中,may是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,be是動(dòng)詞原形,兩者構(gòu)成完整的謂語形式,表示“可能是; 也許是”,一般用在句中。maybe是副詞,表示“可能; 也許”,一般用在句首。He may be right. = Maybe he is right.4.表示祝愿。May you succeed at your goal.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 may的基本用法的基本用法1.意為“必須”,強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀意識。否定形式mustnt,意為“禁止”,語氣強(qiáng)烈。We must stop talking.You mustnt smoke here.2.表
6、示推測,意為“一定是”,一般用于肯定句中。She looks pale. She must be ill.3.在回答以must提問的疑問句時(shí),肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt或dont have to??键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4 must的基本用法的基本用法Must I finish it today?Yes, you must.No, you neednt./No, you dont have to.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4 must的基本用法的基本用法考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 5 need的基本用法的基本用法1.意為“需要; 必要”,作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句和疑問句中。You neednt hand in your ho
7、mework tomorrow.Need I attend the meeting this afternoon?2.在回答以need提問的疑問句時(shí),肯定回答一般用must,否定回答用neednt/dont have to。Need we arrive at school early?Yes, you must.No, you neednt.【拓展】【拓展】need還可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。(1)如果人作主語,一般后接動(dòng)詞不定式,即need to do sth. 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 5 need的基本用法的基本用法His parents think he needs to study ha
8、rd.(2)如果物作主語,一般用need doing或need to be done.The bike needs repairing.=The bike needs to be repaired.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 5 need的基本用法的基本用法1.意為“必須; 不得不”,強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀條件使得必須這樣做。We have to leave right now. Its getting dark.2.有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。She has to give up her job because of her illness.The teacher had to repeat his question.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 6 have to的基本用法的基本用法