中學(xué)考試英語 知識點總結(jié)材料及檢測 外研版

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1、word 中考英語 知識點總結(jié)與檢測 外研版 七年級上冊知識梳理 【知識梳理】 I. 重點短語 1. e on 2. on duty 3. look at 4. in English 5.have a seat 6.at home 7.look like 8. have a look 9. 10. at work 10. Sit down 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型 1. help sb. do sth. 2. Wha

2、t about…? 3. Let’s do sth. 4. It’s time to do sth. 5. It’s time for … 6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s… 7. Where is…? It’s…. 8. How old are you? I’m…. 9. What class are you in? I’m in…. 10. Wele to…. 11. What’s …plus…? It’s…. 12. I think… 13. Who’s this? This is…. 14. What can you see？ I can see

3、…. 15. There is (are) …. 16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)… 17. Whose …is this? It’s…. 18. What time is it? It’s…. III. 交際用語 1. Good morning, Miss/Mr…. 2. Hello! Hi! 3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you? 5. See you.

4、See you later. 6. Thank you! You’re wele. 7. Goodbye! Bye! 8. What’s your name? My name is …. 9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who’s on duty today? 11. Let’s do. 12. Let me see. IV. 重要語法 1. 動詞be的用法； 2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法； 3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法； 4. 冠詞的根本用法； 5. There be句型的用法。 【名師講解】 1. in/on

5、 在表示空間位置時，in表示在某個空間的圍以，on表示在某一個物體的外表之上。例如： There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有只鳥。 There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有圖。 2. this/that/these/those (1)this常常用來指在時間、地點上更接近講話人的人和事，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來指在時間、地點上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點的人和事，those時that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： You look in this box and I’ll look in t

6、hat one over there.你看看這個盒子，我去看那邊的那個盒子。 I want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。 Take these books to his room, please. 請把這些書拿到他房間去。 This is mine; that’s yours. 這個是我的，那個是你的。 These are apples; those are oranges. 這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。 (2)在打的用語中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是對方。例如： This is

7、 Mary speaking. Who’s that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰？ 3. There be/ have There be "有"，其確切含意為"某處或某時存在某人或某物。"其結(jié)構(gòu)是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點或時間的狀語。There be 后面的名詞實際上是主語，be 動詞的形式要和主語在數(shù)上保持一致，be動詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時用are。例如： (1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂。 (2) There is a doll in the box. 那

8、個盒子里有個娃娃。 (3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹上有許多蘋果。 總之，There be結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的"有"。have表示"擁有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主語一般是名詞或代詞，與主語是所屬關(guān)系。例如： (4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個兄弟，一個姐姐。 (5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個房間。 4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧〞，著重指認(rèn)真看，強

9、調(diào)看的動作，表示有意識地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對方注意。，如： Look! The children are playing puter games. 瞧！孩子們在玩電腦游戲。 Look! What’s that over there? 看！那邊那個是什么？ 單獨使用是不與物動詞，如強調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語，如： He’s looking at me。他正在看著我。 (2)see強調(diào)“看〞的結(jié)果，著重的是look這個動作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到〞，see是與物動詞，后面能直接跟賓語。如： What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖

10、上看到什么？ Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？ (3)watch“觀看，注視〞，側(cè)重于場面，表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動，強調(diào)過程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出〞等。如： Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場足球比賽。 4. put on/ / in puton意為“穿上，戴上〞。主要指“穿上〞這一動作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。 in 是介詞，表示“穿著〞強調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語、標(biāo)語和狀語。如：

11、 It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。 He puts on his hat and goes out.? 他戴上帽子，走了出去。 The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色襯衣的那個婦女是John的媽媽。 5. house/ home/family house ：“房子〞，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家〞，指一個人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“，“家庭成員〞。例如： Please e to my house this afternoon. 今

12、天下午請到我家來。 He is not at home. 他不在家。 My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭? 6. fine, nice, good, well 四者都可用作形容詞表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表語又可作定語，而后者僅用作表語。主要區(qū)別在于： (1) fine指物時表示的是質(zhì)量上的"精細(xì)"，形容人時表示的是"身體健康"，也 可以用來指"天氣晴朗"。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。That's a fine machine. 那是一臺很好的機(jī)器。It's a fine day

13、for a walk today. 今天是散步的好時候。 (2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有"美好"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于問候或贊揚別人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 見到你很高興。It's very nice of you. 你真好。 (3)good形容人時指"品德好"，形容物時指"質(zhì)量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語。例如：Her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個好學(xué)生。The red car is very g

14、ood. 那輛紅色小汽車很好。 (4)well只可用來形容人的"身體好"，但不能作定語，它也能用作副詞作狀語，多放在所修飾的動詞之后。例如：I'm very well, thanks. 我身體很好，。My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好。 【考點掃描】 中考考點在本單元主要集中在： 1. 動詞be的用法； 2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法； 3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法； 4. 冠詞的根本用法； 5. There be句型的用法。 6. 本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語和句型； 7. 本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語。 考試形式可以是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空

15、、完成句子。 【中考例】 1. (2004年市中考試題) Mary, please show ________ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。此題中動詞show后面跟雙賓語，空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞的賓格me作賓語。 2. (2004年市徐匯區(qū)中考試題) _________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的根本用法。因為是特指課桌

16、上的那個橘子，所以用定冠詞the。 3. (2004年市中考試題) ---What _______ the number of the girls in your class? ---About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be 【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是動詞be的用法和主謂一致。the number作主語，應(yīng)該是單數(shù)第三人稱，動詞be變?yōu)閕s。 4. (2004年省中考試題) There _______ a football match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is

17、 going to be C. has D. is going to have 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是There be…句型和動詞have用法區(qū)別。There be句型本身就表示“在某個地方存在某個人或物〞，不能和動詞have混在一起用。 【總分為演練】 一. 單項填空 1. ---What colour is the bike? ---It’s _______ orange. A. an B. a C. / D. the 2. That isn’t her bag. It’s ________. A. my B. I C. mine D. me

18、 3. ---Oh, your kite is very nice. ---__________________. A. That’s right B. No, it’s not nice C. Yes, it is D. Thank you 4. The woman is sixty, but she _______ young. A. is B. sees C. looks D. watches 5. It’s time ________ lunch. Let’s go home. A. to B. in C. for D. on 6. --

19、-________ is your coat? ---The black one. A. What B. Where C. Which D. How 7. ---________ is the toy? ---It’s on the bed. A. Who B. Where C. What D. Whose 8. The shoes are too old. Put ________ over there. A. it B. they C. their D. them 9. Excuse me. Can you _______ my wat

20、ch, please? A. look B. look like C. look after D. look at 10. Look _______ the blackboard and listen _______ the teacher. A. / / B. at; to C. after; / D. on; after 11. ---Whose dress is this? ---It’s _________. A. Lucy B. Lucy’s C. Jim D. Jim’s 12. The girl ______ the purpl

21、e coat is his sister. A. at B. in C. on D. with 13. There is a bird ______ the tree. A. in B. on C. to D. of 14. There are many ________ in our school. A. woman teachers B. woman teacher C. women teacher D. women teachers 15. ---Is there a ball under the desk? ---

22、______________________. A. Yes, it is B. Yes, there’s C. No, there isn’t D. No, there is 16. There _______ some books and a pencil on the desk. A. am B. is C. are D. be 17. ---Let me help you. ---_______________. A. You’re wele B. Thanks very

23、much C. Don’t worry D. Yes, thanks 18. ______ old man is ______ English teacher. A. The; an B. An; an C. The; the D. A; a 19. ---What _____ five plus six? ---It’s eleven. A. am B. is C. are D. / 20. ---What ______ you see in the picture? ---I can see some flowers.

24、 A. must B. can C. are D. do 二. 完形填空 This is a picture of Kat’s ____1____. What can we ____2_____ in the picture? Look ____3____ it, please. The man ____4____ the black coat is Kate’s father, Mr. Green. The ____5____ in the red sweater is Mrs. Green. They ____6____ young. The baby is Kate.

25、The little boy is Kate’s ____7_____, Jim. ___8____ the man behind Mrs. Green? Oh, he’s ____9___ brother, Mr. Read. He ____10____ young, too. 1. A. families B. family C. parents D. brothers 3. A. at B. after C. for D. up 4. A. on B. of C. in D. to 5. A. man

26、B. girl C. women D. woman 6. A. are B. is C. look like D. looking 7. A. sister B. brother C. father D. aunt 8. A. What’s B. Where’s C. Who’s D. How is 9. A. his B. her C. our D. their 10. A. looks B. am C. look D. very 三. 在B欄中找出A欄英語句子的正確答語

27、 (A) (B) 1. How are you? A. I am in Row 6. 2. Can you spell it, please? B. Fine, thank you. 3. How do you do? C. Yes, b-o-o-k, book. 4. What row are you in? D. It is ten. 5. What’s two plus eight? E. Nice to meet you, too. 6

28、. Nice to meet you. F. I am 14. 7. How old are you? G. Wang Ping is. 8. Who’s not here? H. It’s here. 9. Where is the bag? I. It’s a book. 10. What is this in English? J. How do you do? 四. 完成對話：在對話后面的句子中選出正確的填入空白處 Jim: Excuse me, Ann. Whose black d

29、og is this? Is it yours? Ann: Let me have a look.________1_______. I think it’s Sam’s. My dog is brown. Jim: Sam, look at the dog behind the tree.________2__________? Sam: Sorry, it isn’t mine. My dog is black and white. I think it looks like Mary’s. Jim: _____________3______________? Sam:

30、 She’s my friend. Look! She’s over there. Let’s go and ask her. Jim: _______________4_______________. Sam: Hi, Mary! Is that dog yours? Mary: _______________5_______________. Sam: It’s a lovely dog! Don’t lose it! Mary: Yes, thank you. A. Who’s Mary B. OK, let’s go C. Oh, no it’s not mine

31、 D. Oh, yes. It’s mine E. Is it yours 五. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. ________ (He) pen is in ______ (I) pencil-box. 2. ________ (You) shoes ________ (be) under the bed. 3. ________ (Who) new ruler is this? 4. ---Are these trousers _______ (you)? ---No, they aren’t ________ (we) 5. It’s time ________

32、(go) and play games. 6. This is my pen. Please give it to ________ (I). 7. I have two ________ (baby). 8. Look! That is a ________ (China) car. 9. It is __________ (my teacher) sweater. 10. Now her ________ ( parent) are in America. 六. 閱讀理解 (A) Bob was born in a

33、big and rich family. His father is a university professor. He teaches American history. His mother is a very capablewoman. She is the manager of a big pany. She earns a lot of money, of course. Bob has two sisters and a brother. His elder sister, Jenny, is fourteen. She studies in a middle school. H

34、is younger sister, Ann, is ten. She studies in a private primary school. She has a very good memory. She is clever. His younger brother, Dick, is only six. He has just started going to school. Bob gets on well with his family. He is on good terms not only with his parents, but also with his sisters

35、and brother. (have a friendly relationship with sb.) He is, in a word, an apple in their eyes. 根據(jù)短文的容，判斷如下句子的正誤：正確地答“A〞，錯誤的答“B〞。 1. Bob was born in a small and rich family. 2. He has two brothers and a sister. 3. There are five people in his family. 4. Dick is only six. He studies in a private

36、primary school. 5. “He is an apple in their eyes〞 means “They love him very much〞. (B) Look at the clothes line in the twins' bedroom. There are some clothes on it. You can see a green blouse and a yellow skirt. The trousers on the clothes line are black. They are not new bu

37、t clean. Are they Lily's clothes? No. I know they are Lucy's. Lily's clothes are on a clothes tree near the window. Her trousers are brown, her blouse is white and her skirt is blue. There is a new hat on the clothes tree, but it's not Lily's, it's Lucy's. There is an old hat on Lucy's bed in the ro

38、om, it's Lily's. There are no clothes on the other bed, the bed is Lily's. 1. What can you see in the bedroom? I can see __________. A. a clothes line B. a tree C. a bed 2. What colour are Lucy's trousers? They are ________. A. green B. black C. brown 3. Where is Lucy's hat? It's on ______

39、___. A. the clothes tree B. the clothes line C. lily's bed 4. How many beds are there in the room? ________. A. only one B. three C. two 5. Are there any things on Lily's bed? ________. A. Yes, there is a hat on it B. No, there is not anything on it C. Sorry, I don't know

40、 (C) It's a fine Sunday morning. Ann and her mother are in a big bus. There are many people in it. Some of them e from America, and some e from England and Canada. They are all their friends. They are going to the Great Wall. There are two Chinese in the bus. One is woman. She is

41、driving the bus. The other is a young man. He speaks good English. He is now talking about the Great Wall. The other people are all listening to him. They like the Great Wall. They want to see it very much.1. Ann and mother are going to the Great Wall __________. A. by bike B. by car C. by plane

42、 D. by bus2. There are __________. A. only one Chinese in the bus B. only two Chinese in the bus C. only two Chinese on the bike D. only one Chinese in the car3. The driver is __________. A. a man B. a woman C. a Canadian D. an American4. The people __________. A. are singing B. are talk

43、ing C. are listening D. are looking at the wall5. They __________. A. can see the Great Wall B. can speak English very well. C. want to talk with the man very much D. want to see the Great Wall very much 七年級下冊知識點梳理 【知識梳理】 I. 重點短語 1. a bottle of 2. a little 3. a lot (of) 4. all day

44、5. be from 6. be over 7. e back 8. e from 9. do one’s homework 10. do the shopping 11. get down 12. get home 13. get to 14. get up 15. go shopping 16. have a drink of 17. have a look 18. have breakfast 19. have lunch 20. have supper 21. listen to 22. not…at all 23. put…away 24. t

45、ake off 25. throw it like that 26. would like 27. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 29. on a farm 30. in a factory II. 重要句型 1. Let sb. do sth. 2. Could sb. do sth.? 3. would like sth. 4. would like to do sth. 5. What about something to eat? 6. How do you s

46、pell …? 7. May I borrow…? III. 交際用語 1. —Thanks very much! —You're wele. 2. Put it/them away. 3. What's wrong? 4. I think so. I don't think so. 5. I want to take some books to the classroom. 6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please. Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK. 9. What's yo

47、ur favourite sport? 10. Don't worry. 11.I’m (not) good at basketball. 12. Do you want a go? 13. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right. 14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 15. We / They have some CDs. We / They don’t have any CDs. 16. ---What day

48、is it today / tomorrow? ---It’s Monday. 17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please? ---Certainly. Here you are. 18. ---Where are you from? ---From Beijing. 19. What's your telephone number in New York? 20. ---Do you like hot dogs? ---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.) ---No, I

49、 don't. ( I don't like them at all.) 21. ---What does your mother like? ---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much. 22. ---When do you go to school every day? ---I go to school at 7:00 every day. 23. ---What time does he go to bed in the evening? ---He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要語法 1.

50、人稱代詞的用法； 2. 祈使句； 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時的構(gòu)成和用法； 4．動詞have的用法； 5．一般現(xiàn)在時構(gòu)成和用法； 6．可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法 【名師講解】 1. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right. That’sright意為“對的〞，表示贊同對方的意見、看法或行為，肯定對方的答案或判斷。例如： "I think we must help the old man.""我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。""That'sright."或 "You'reright.""說得對"。 That’sallright.意為“不用

51、〞、“沒關(guān)系〞，用來回答對方的致或道歉。例如： "Many thanks." "That's all right." "Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right." Allright.意為“行了〞、“可以〞，表示同意對方的建議或要求。有時還可以表示“身體很好〞 "Please tell me about it." "請把此事告訴我。""All right.""好吧。"Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎 2. make/do 這兩個詞都可以解釋為“做〞，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make指做東西或制東西，do指做一件具體的

52、事。 Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個紙船嗎？ He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。 3. say/speak/talk/tell say：是最口語化的最普通的一個詞，意為“說出〞、“說道〞，著重所說的話。如： “I want to go there by bus〞 , he said . 他說，“我要坐汽車到那里去。〞 Please say it in English .請用英語說。 speak : “說話〞，著重開口發(fā)聲，不著重所說的容，一般用作不與物動詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語 ) 。

53、如： Can you speak about him? 你能不能說說他的情況？ I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說話。 speak 作與物動詞解時，只能和某種語言等連用，表達(dá)在對話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如： She speaks English well.她英語說得好。 talk : 與 speak 意義相近，也著重說話的動作，而不著重所說的話，因此，一般也只用作不與物動詞， 不過，talk 暗示話是對某人說的，有較強的對話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如： I would like to talk to him about it .

54、我想跟他談那件事。 Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。 tell : “告訴〞，除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語。如： He’s telling me a story.他在給我講故事。 tell a lie 撒謊 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth. Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard. 4. do cooking/ do the cooking docooking 作“做飯〞解，屬泛指。dothecooking 特指某

55、一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語： do some washing 洗些衣服 do some shopping 買些東西 do some reading 讀書 do some writing 寫些東西 do some fishing 釣魚 從以上短語可引申出另一類短語，不能用some, much或定冠詞。 go shopping 去買東西 go fishing 去釣魚 go boating 去劃船 go swimming 去游泳 5. like doing

56、 sth./ like to do sth. likedoingsth. 與liketo do sth. 意思一樣，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來表示一次性和偶然性的動作。例如： He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming. 他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和明踢。 6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余的，別的， Have you any other questions?你還有其他問題嗎?ot

57、hers 美國人,其他的是法國人。 the other表另一個〔二者之中〕one…，the other… One of my two brothers studies English, 　the other studies Chinese. 我兩個哥哥中的一個學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個學(xué)中文。 another表三者以上的另一個，另一些 There is room for another few books on the shelf.書架上還可以放點書。 7. in the tree/ on the tree inthetree 與 onthetree.譯成中文均為"在樹上"但英語中有區(qū)別

58、。inthetree表示某人、某事〔不屬于樹本身生長出的別的東西〕落在樹上，表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長在樹上時，要使用onthetree.如： There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹上有些蘋果。 There is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹上有只鳥。 8. some/ any (1)some和 any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點需要 注意。some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否認(rèn)句和疑問句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water

59、 in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass. (2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中，或在表示請求，邀請的疑問句中，我們依然用some。如：Would you like some tea? 9. tall/ high (1)說人，動物，樹木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high，例如 a tall woman 一個高個子婦女 a tall horse 一個高大的馬 (2)說一個不與地面接觸的人和物的高時，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上時，飛機(jī)飛上天時，例如： He is high up

60、in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在空中這么高。 (3)指建筑物、山時要tall或high都可以，不過high的程度比tall高。 (4)high可作副詞，tall不能。 (5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low. 10. can/ could (1) can表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動作的"能力 "。例如： Can you ride a bike？ 你會騎自行車嗎？ What can I do for you？ 要幫助嗎？ Can you make

61、a cake？你會做蛋糕嗎？ (2) can用在否認(rèn)句和疑問句中時有時表示說話人的"懷疑""猜想"或不肯定。例如：Where can he be？他會在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？這個消息會是真的嗎？It surely can't be six o'clock already？不可能已經(jīng)六點鐘了吧？You can't be hungry so soon，Tom，you've just had lunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過午飯。What can he mean？他會是什么意思？ 在日常會話中，can可代替may表示"允許"，may比擬正式。例如：Y

62、ou can e in any time.你隨時都可以來。--- Can I use your pen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？--- Of course，you can.當(dāng)然可以。You can have my seat，I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。 (3) couldcould 是 can的過去式，表示過去有過的能力和可能性〔在否認(rèn)和疑問句中〕。例如： The doctor said he could help him.〔能力〕醫(yī)生說他能幫助他。 Lily could swim when she was four years old.〔能力〕 當(dāng)麗麗

63、四歲的時候她就會游泳。At that time we thought the story could be true.〔可能性〕那時我們以為所說的可能是真的。could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時間的動作，但語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：Could I speak to John，please？我能和約翰說話嗎？ Could you？在口語中表示請求對方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？請你等半個小時好嗎？Could you please ring again at six？六點鐘請你再打好嗎？ (4) can的形式只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式。能表示一

64、般現(xiàn)在和一般過去兩種時態(tài)，有時也能表示將來。所有其他時態(tài)〔包括將來時〕須用be able to加動詞不定式來表示。例如： They have not been able to e to Beijing. 他們沒有能到來。 11. look for/ find lookfor 意為“尋找〞，而find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)〞，前者強調(diào)“找〞這一動作，并不注重“找〞的結(jié)果，而后者如此強調(diào)“找〞的結(jié)果。例如： She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。 Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’t find it.湯姆正在

65、尋找他的手表，但沒能找到。 12. be sleeping/ be asleep besleeping 表示動作，意思是“正在睡覺〞；beasleep 表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了〞。如： ---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們在房間里做什么？ ---They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺。 The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。 13. often/ usually/sometimes often表示"經(jīng)常"，sometimes表示"有時候"，在表示發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usu

66、ally，usually要高于sometimes。這三個詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的動作或情況，常與一般現(xiàn)在時連用，常位于主要謂語動詞的前面，其他謂語動詞〔be動詞，情態(tài)動詞和助動詞〕的后面，有時也可位于句尾。如果要加強語氣，如此放在句首。 We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有時，我睡覺很早。He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語。 14. How much/ How many howmuch常用來詢問某一商品的價格，常見句式是How much is / are…? How much is the skirt?? 這條裙子多少錢？ How much are the bananas?? 這些香蕉多少錢？ howmuch后加不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量，意為“多少“，howmany后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 How much meat do you want?? 你要多少肉呀？ How many stude