英語(yǔ)《主謂一致》教案.doc

主謂一致 在英語(yǔ)句子里，謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。 主謂一致是指： 1） 語(yǔ)法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。 2） 意義上要一致，即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。 3） 就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)， 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。 　 There is much water in the thermos. 但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 　 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1、 語(yǔ)法形式上的一致 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis1,700. MaryandKellylookalike. 注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：What I bought were three English books. What he needs is encouragement. 2、意義上一致 （1）主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Thecrowdwereruningfortheirlives. 單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有people、police、cattle等。 （2）主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thenewsisveryexciting. 形復(fù)意單的單詞還有以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)physics、poli-tics、economics等。 3、就近原則。即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最近它的詞語(yǔ)。如連詞either…or等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與就近它的主語(yǔ)一致。 EitheryouorIammad. 1 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) Reading and writing are very important. 1)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞?！? The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. .成對(duì)的名詞用and連接,表示單一概念,bread and butter (涂黃油的面包) , soda and water(汽水), aim and end(目的), coffee and milk(加牛奶的咖啡), salt and water(鹽水), knife and fork(刀叉), 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 2)“the+ 形容詞/-ed分詞”，表示一類(lèi)人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；表示一類(lèi)事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：The good in him outweighs the bad. / The wounded were taken good care of. 2 主謂一致中的就近原則 1）當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. 　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）當(dāng) or ,either… or…,neither… nor，notonly…butalso, not ... but　連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 3 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致 ( 就前原則 ) 1）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, together with, like, besides , except, but, no less than, as well as rather than ,including 等詞引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 2）thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(這種書(shū)) thiskindofmen的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，menofthiskind的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)， Thiskindofmenisdangerous. / Menoftheiskind/sortaredangerous 4 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù) 1）主語(yǔ)中含有each, every, 或由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。 Every + n and every +n ; Each + n and each +n ; No + n and no +n 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 each, any, none, neither, either+ of + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ),正式文體用單數(shù),非正式文體中除each of外都可用復(fù)數(shù). (注: none of +n.u. 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).) Each of them has a piece of paper in his hand. Neither of us has/have anything to say. None of my Ss is/are stupid. None of bread is left for you. 　 There is something wrong with my watch. Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclasshasadictionary. 2） 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)或一條格言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。 　 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 　 <<天方夜譚>>是英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者熟悉的一本好書(shū)。 3） 表示金錢(qián)，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。 　 Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 　 Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) 1） 在關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致, 代詞none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。指物用單數(shù)，指人用復(fù)數(shù)。 　All is right.　 (一切順利。) / All are present.　　(所有人都到齊了。) He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard 2） 集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。如family, audience, class, company, committee ,team, army, group, club等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該個(gè)集體。 　His family isnt very large.　他家不是一個(gè)大家庭 / His family are music lovers.　他的家人都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。 　 Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 但集合名詞people, police, cattle等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 　　Are there any police around? 3）　A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 / The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 　A number of books have lent out / The majority of the students like English. 4) 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞 means , sheep ,fish等 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意義而定。 All means have been tried. / Every means has been tried. 5) glasses, trousers, shoes, shorts, clothes 等復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。若前面有 pair 等量詞，謂語(yǔ)有該量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 There is a pair of shoes / There are pairs of shoes on the desk. 6)主語(yǔ)為表示數(shù)量的one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù), one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致 1） 用 分?jǐn)?shù)（百分?jǐn)?shù)percent）/ all / some / none / half / most/ the rest + of + n 做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)of后的名詞來(lái)確定。。 Most of his money is spent on books./Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2） 在一些短語(yǔ)，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。 　 Many a person has read the novel.　許多人都讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。 　 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來(lái)自這個(gè)城市。