2020年中考英語語法語法高頻考點(diǎn)提升訓(xùn)練 專題7 動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)

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1、專題7 動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài) 考點(diǎn)一、動詞時態(tài)的分類及其應(yīng)用 時態(tài)（表現(xiàn)在實(shí)義動詞的形式變化上 時態(tài)名稱 及物動詞必須跟賓語 不及物動詞不直跟賓語 謂動的表現(xiàn)形式 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時 一般將來時 ★過去將來時 現(xiàn)在完成時 ★過去完成時 do/第三人稱單數(shù)形式does did（謂語動詞用過去式） （am/ is/ are）be+doing was/were+doing will+do（動詞原形） would+do（動詞原形） have/(第三人稱用has)+done had+done(過去分詞) 需要（有實(shí)在意義） 有明顯

2、的時間標(biāo)志 用法 表示平時經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性動作 某次過去做某事 現(xiàn)在正在做某事 過去正在做某事 現(xiàn)在將要做某事 過去將要做某事 到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)做某事 到過去已經(jīng)做某事 1、一般現(xiàn)在時的用法 1) 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 表示普遍真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。如：The earth moves around the sun. 2、一般過去時的用法 1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀

3、態(tài)。如：Where did you go just now? 2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 1) 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。如：We are waiting for you. 2)表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行。如：Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) 3)短暫性動詞的進(jìn)行時一定表示將來的含義。如：We are arri

4、ving at London. 4、過去進(jìn)行時 1)過去進(jìn)行時主要表示過去某個時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，常和表示過去的狀語連用。如：What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九點(diǎn)的時候，你在做什么? 2)過去進(jìn)行時也可以表示過去某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作。如：From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale .從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。 5、一般將來時 1)表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)?；蛑貜?fù)發(fā)生的動作。 2)will do 表示主觀意愿做某事。如：I will

5、see a movie this morning. 表示客觀的不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀將來。如：Fish will die without water. 3) be going to +do 表示計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。如：The play is going to be produced next month。 6、過去將來時 立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。如：Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。 7、現(xiàn)在完成時 1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響

6、或結(jié)果。如：I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作業(yè)了。(過去某時開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成。) 2)表示：過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去。如：I have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。 8、過去完成時 1)以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。 如：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. 考點(diǎn)二、時態(tài)的判斷 時態(tài)判斷 時態(tài)類型 時間狀語 一般

7、現(xiàn)在時 often,never every day等 一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時 一般將來時 過去將來時 現(xiàn)在完成時 ago, yesterday, last week, in 1989 now, these days at this/ that time yesterday tomorrow, next year the next day/ year/ week so far,in the past years,,since 標(biāo)志 頻率/真理/時間條件狀 yesterday, just now,when+從句 look, l

8、isten與頻度副詞連用 when+過去進(jìn)行時 in+時間段 常用于賓語從句中 already,yet,ever,never,before,for 過去完成時 by yesterday/then/the end of before/ by+過去進(jìn)行時 考點(diǎn)三、被動語態(tài)的分類及構(gòu)成 定義:英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者它有各種時態(tài)。。 構(gòu)成:助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞（助動詞有人稱，時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化）。 被動語態(tài)的用法： 1.不知道動

9、作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 2.沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。如：Rice?is grown in southern China. 3.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。如：The man is caught by the police. 4.動作的發(fā)出者不是人。如：The tree was blown down by the strong wind. 被動語態(tài)（表現(xiàn)在謂語動詞的形式變化上 及物動詞有被動語態(tài) 不及物動詞不直跟賓語 謂動的表現(xiàn)形式 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時 一般將來時 過去將來時

10、 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時 am / is / are + done（過去分詞） was / were + done am/ is/ are + being + done was/ were + being + done will + be done would + be done have/ has + been + done had + been + done 需要（表示被動） 用于強(qiáng)調(diào) 用法 表示平時經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性動作 某事過去被做 某事現(xiàn)在正在被做 某事過去正在被做 某事將要被做 某事過去將要某事 某事到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被做 某事到過去已經(jīng)被做

11、 時態(tài)名稱 ★含有情態(tài)動詞 某事可能、必須被做 情態(tài)動詞+ be+ done 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的一般變化，通常分三步： 1把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be?+ 過去分詞形式，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by?的賓語，放在謂語動詞之后，by?短語可以省略。例：My sister?invited me to her dinner party.→I was invited (by my sister) to her dinner party.

12、注意：1.固定短語在構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)形式時，后面的介詞或副詞要保留。You should take good care of your sister.→?Your sister should be taken good care of. 2.主動語態(tài)中感官動詞(see, hear, feel, watch, notice等) 以及使役動詞（make, let等）后跟省略to的不定式，在被動語態(tài)中必須還原to。如：I often see him play basketball. →He is often seen to play basketball (by me). 3.帶有雙賓語的動詞變成

13、被動語態(tài)時，若將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，則應(yīng)在間接賓語前加to或for。如：He showed me a nice photo.→I was shown a nice photo.或 A nice photo was shown to me. 4.帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+ 賓補(bǔ))的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如：We always keep our school?clean?and tidy. →Our school?is always kept clean?and tidy. 如： 5.以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用by whom

14、放在句首。如：Who wrote the story?→By whom was the story?written?或→Who was the story?written by? 6.不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。如：When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 7.賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，Ving形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z。如：I taught myself math. We help?ea

15、ch other. 一、選擇填空 1. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness. A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved 2. Look at John! What ________ ? A. does he B. he is doing C. is he doing D. does he do 3. He ________ home for nearly three weeks. A.

16、has gone away from B. has left C. has been away from D. went away from 4. Since you don't want to go, I ________ alone. A. will go B. go C. went D. have gone 5.They wanted to know when they ________ have an examination. A. had gone to B. were going to C. would be

17、going D. had been going 6. He ________ out when somebody called at his office. A. has just gone B. had just gone C. just went D. just now went 7._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? ??? A. Is，built ?B. Was , built?? C. Does ; build? D . Did ; build 8.Cotto

18、n ____ in the southeast of China. ??? A. is grown??B. are grown??C. grows??D. grow ?9.So far, the moon ____ by man already. ??? A. is visited?B. will be visited?C. has been visited?D. was visited 10.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. ??? A. is given??B. has been given

19、?C. will be given?D. gives ?11.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. ??? A. are doing?B. are being done?C. has been done???? D. will be done 12.Older people ____ well. ???? A. looks after????????? B. must be looked after???? C. must look after?????? D. looked after 13.Our

20、teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to?B. should be listen?C. be listened???????????????? D. is listened 14.It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested. A. has been ??B. had been ??C. has ???D. had 15.Great changes _____ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in

21、 1949. A. have taken place; was founded ???B. has taken place; was founded C. have been taken place; founded???D. took place; founded 二、用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.No country______ (make) such great progress as China in the thirty years. 2.The little girl will give the flower to the hero when he ______ (a

22、ppear). 3.He said that he ______ (come) back in five minutes. 4.My brother likes English very much, and he ______ (practice) reading every morning. 5.The old car ______ (produce) in Germany in 1960S. 6.The door of the classroom must ______ (lock) more beautiful. 7.He said he______ (go) to visit

23、 the writer. 8.Mr.Brown said he would call us as soon as he______ (arrive) in Beijing the next day. 9.He met many problems while he ______ (go) over his lessons. 10.I didn’t know that you ______ (be) in the room. 11.I hope that everything ______ (be) ready tomorrow. 12.Mr,Wang ______ (work) in

24、 the factory since it opened in 1995. 13.the children ______ (watch) TV when the mother came in. 14.Of all the rubbish about 35 percent can (recycle). 15.I don’t aliens can (find) in space. 三、詞語運(yùn)用 閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。 get use say believe get make taught

25、 see watch give Can animals 1____ to work for us ? Some scientists think that one day animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs. They 2____ that in a film or on TV we may 3____ elephants , monkeys ,dogs ,bears ,or other animals doing a lot of things .If you 4_____ carefully , you may

26、 find that those animals are 5____ something to eat in return for doing them . The scientists say that many different animals may 6____ to do a number of simple jobs if they 7____ something to eat . Of course, as we know , dogs can be used to guard a house ,and elephants can be used to do some h

27、eavy job. And we can also teach animals to work in factories. Apes ,for example 8____ in America to help make cars and scientists 9_____ that these monkeys may one day 10____ in crops and even drive trains . 四、完形填空 It was a sunny Sunday afternoon. John’s parents were not in. John ___1___ to go to

28、 the Happy Theater to watch a talent show, so he ___2___ home. Only Barky, John’s pet dog stayed at home. Just after John left, a bad man ___3___ the window, and then he ___4___ into the house through it. He ___5___ for expensive things in the rooms. He found some money in the box. He __6___ the mo

29、ney, but as he ___7___, he heard a dog’s barking(叫聲). He looked around and found Barky looking at him angrily. He was very scared. Barky ___8___ him when John came home. John let Barky sit down and told the bad man loudly, “ Come with me to the police station, or Barky will bite you!” So the bad ma

30、n had to ___9___ John with Barky close behind. A policeman cuffed(銬) the bad man after John ___10___ him the thing. Barky had a talent for watching the house. But the bad man didn’t know. 1. A. decide B. decided C. think D. hope 2. A. left B. stayed

31、 C. reached D. waited 3. A. killed B. acted C. touched D. broke 4. A. come B. came C.go D. will go 5. A. began looking B. begin looking C. began thinking D. began to look 6. A. get out B. took out

32、C. take out D. will take 7. A. was leaving B. will leaving C. left D. was going 8. A. was bitten B. is going to bite C. was going to bite D. was biteing 9. A. help B. bring C. join D. follow 10. A.said B. sp

33、oke C. told D. talked 參考答案： 一、1—5BCCAB 6—10BBACC 11—15BBABA 二、1. has.made 2. appear 3.would come 4.practices 5.was produced 6.be locked 7.would go 8.arrived 9.was going 10.were 11.will be 12.has worked 13.were watching 14.be recycled 15.be found 三、1.be made 2.say, 3.see 4.watch 5.given 6.be taught 7.will get 8.have been used, 9.believe 10.get 四、1—5BADBA 6—10BACDC