2020年中考英語語法語法高頻考點(diǎn)提升訓(xùn)練 專題6 動(dòng)詞

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1、專題6 動(dòng)詞 考點(diǎn)一、動(dòng)詞及其分類分類 動(dòng)詞主要功能是充當(dāng)謂語，用來表示主語做什么（即行為動(dòng)詞），或表示主語是什么或怎么樣（即狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）的詞，例如： The boy runs fast.（這個(gè)男孩跑得快。）runs表示主語的行為 He is a boy.（他是個(gè)男孩。）is與后面的表語a boy表示主語的狀態(tài) 動(dòng)詞 系動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng) 助動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng) 系動(dòng)詞+表語 情態(tài)動(dòng)+動(dòng)詞原形 助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形 獨(dú)立充當(dāng)謂語 充當(dāng)謂語 動(dòng)詞可以按照含義及它們?cè)诰渲械淖饔梅殖伤念?，即連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞（也稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）。

2、 考點(diǎn)二、系動(dòng)詞的用法 連系動(dòng)詞是表示主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”的詞，它雖有詞義，但不完整，所以不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須跟表語一起構(gòu)成合成謂語。連系動(dòng)詞可具體分為三類： 1、表示“是”的動(dòng)詞be。它在不同的主語后面和不同的時(shí)態(tài)中有不同的形式。如： He was a soldier two years ago.（兩年前他是個(gè)士兵。） We are Chinese.（我們是中國人。） 2、表示“變”、“變成”的意思的詞，如become, get, grow, turn,?都解釋為“變”、“變得”，例如： She became a college student.（她成了一名大學(xué)生。

3、） He feels sick. His face turns white.（他感到不舒服，他的臉色變蒼白了。） 3、表示“感覺”的詞，如look（看起來），smell（聞起來），sound（聽起來）等，例如： The story sounds interesting.（這個(gè)故事聽起來很有趣。） The flowers smell sweet.（這些花聞起來很香。） 系動(dòng)詞 be動(dòng)詞 “保持”“變化” 感官動(dòng)詞 be+adv.+adj“如何是” become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,stay look,sound,taste,smell,feel

4、 常接形容詞作表語 主謂一致 考點(diǎn)三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 這類詞本身雖有意義，但不完整。它們表示說話人的能力、說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，如“可能”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等。這類動(dòng)詞有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須與行為動(dòng)詞（原形）一起作謂語，表示完整的意思。 構(gòu)成疑問句時(shí)，通常放在主語前面；構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)，not放在這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。可用它們的縮寫形式（can’t, cannot, mustn’t等）。例如： I can dance.（我會(huì)跳舞。）can,?能,?會(huì) H

5、e can’t walk because he is a baby.（因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)嬰兒，不會(huì)走路。）can’t,?不必 May I come in？（我可以進(jìn)來嗎？）may,?可以 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 意思答語 表示推測(cè) may答語:肯定Certainly./Sure./Yes,you can. 否定Sorry, but you can’t/mustn’t “一定”must “必須” Must I…？Yes, you must. No, you needn’t/don’t have to. “不得不” Do I have to..? Yes, you must.

6、No, you needn’t/don’t have to. “需要”實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：not need to do sth. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：needn’t do sth. Would you like to do?答語“I’d like to” “I’d like to, but....” had better “最好(不)做某事” You’d better do…/You’d better not do… “可能”may,might,could “不可能”can’t

7、考點(diǎn)四、助動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞 狹義概念：“贈(zèng)送的” 擴(kuò)展概念：“自帶的” do,does,did 凡謂語由兩部分構(gòu)成之前者 句型操作及答語 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞身份 助動(dòng)詞身份/強(qiáng)調(diào)功能 這類詞本身無詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能與主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示不同的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、表示句子的否定和疑問，例如： He does not speak English well.（他英語講得不好。）句中的does是助動(dòng)詞，既表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，又與not一起構(gòu)成否定形式。 Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?（他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包嗎？）句中的did

8、是助動(dòng)詞，既表示一般過去時(shí)，又和動(dòng)詞have一起構(gòu)成疑問。 考點(diǎn)五、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài) 名稱 被動(dòng)：be+done 及物動(dòng)詞必須跟賓語 不及物動(dòng)詞不直跟賓語 謂動(dòng) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來時(shí) ★過去將來時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ★過去完成時(shí) do/does did be+doing was/were+doing will+do would+do have/has+done had+done 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過去時(shí) 一般將來時(shí) 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 選項(xiàng)有無被動(dòng)

9、只需考慮時(shí)態(tài) 該而不:感官發(fā)生實(shí)現(xiàn)出版 使役動(dòng)詞正常不帶to被動(dòng)則帶 意思需要 時(shí)間標(biāo)志 意思 平時(shí)經(jīng)常做 某次過去做 現(xiàn)在正在做 過去正在做 現(xiàn)在將要做 過去將要做 到現(xiàn)在已做 到過去已做 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又叫行為動(dòng)詞，是表示行為、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。它的詞義完整，可以單獨(dú)作謂語，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的相應(yīng)變化。例如： I live in?Beijing?with my mother.（我和我媽媽住在北京。）live，住 It has a round face.（它有一張圓臉。）has，有

10、 考點(diǎn)六、動(dòng)詞詞形變化 動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)謂語的同時(shí)，隨著時(shí)態(tài)或語態(tài)的變化，也有自己的特有變化。 動(dòng)詞詞形變化 第三人稱單數(shù) 現(xiàn)在分詞 +s s,x,sh,ch,o+es 輔+y→i+es 不規(guī)則 +ing 去e+ing 雙寫+ing +ed 輔+y→i+ed 雙寫+ed 不規(guī)則 輔元輔，且重讀，不忘雙寫尾字母（除組合外） 過去式、過去分詞 ie→y+ing 考點(diǎn)七、非謂語動(dòng)詞及其應(yīng)用。 非謂語動(dòng)詞 作主語被視為單數(shù) 現(xiàn)在分詞doing 過去分詞done 不定式t

11、o do 作主語 常被形式主語it代替 作主語 have sth. done使被 判定:后有謂動(dòng) be doing“正在做” 作表語 be+to do “是做” 作賓語 be done“被做” 被形式賓語it代替 作賓語 省to或不省 作賓補(bǔ) 要后置，省介否 作定語 表目的，原因 作狀語 賓從省略式 疑問詞+to do 一、選擇填空 1.There__lots of people at the restaurant when I got there. A.is B.was

12、 C.are D.were 2.You ____ eat the soup if you don’t like it. A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.can’t 3.This sentence _______ right. Please write it down. A.feels B.sounds C.tastes D.smells 4.My sister wants a new dress. She _________ it to the party.

13、 A.wears B.has worn C.wore D.is going to wear 5.I didn’t hear you because I ________ the news on the radio. A.listen to B.am listening to C.listened to D.was listening to 6.I _______ my homework, I guess I can’t join you. A.don’t finish B.didn’t finish C.haven’t finished

14、D.won’t finish 7.-Whose is the pencil box? -It ________ be Tom’s. Look at his name on the cover! A. can B. may C. must D. need 8. ________ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer. A. To find B. Find C. To write D. Write 9. The clothing store ________ a sale. The c

15、lothes there are very cheap. A. has B. had C. is having D. was having 10. Miss Zhang, the most beautiful teacher, ________ many flowers these days. A. received B. will receive C. was receiving D. has received 11. Your sweater looks smart. Where ________ you ________ it? A. do, get

16、 B. did, get C. will, get D. have, got 12.We often hear her after class. A.sing B.to sing C.sings D.sang 13. —Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? —Yes, you ______. A. must B. can C. may D. need 14. I’d like you ______ for a picnic

17、 with us. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 15. Hong Kong___________ to be a good place for eating today. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known 二、 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. Nancy often goes______ (swim) with her friends in summer 2.I want ______ (go) to t

18、he shop. 3.The little girl likes ________ (play) basketball. She______ (play) on the playground now. 4.The teacher _______ (go) to school on foot every day. 5.Let's _________ (speak) English. 6.-_______ the man ________ (open) the window? -No, he isn't. He is __________ (close) the window.

19、7. I _________ (lend) her some CDs the day before yesterday。 8. I'm sorry ___________ (wake) you up. 9.Would you please___________(not play) with the chalk? 10.You'd better________________(pass) this book to her. 三、根據(jù)所給漢語或首字母提示寫出下列句中所缺的名詞 1 Look! A little girl _______ (游泳) in the river(河). 2.I

20、 don't have any pens. I think she ______ (有) some. 3.Don't _______ (讀) your books. Please ________ (聽) to me now. 4.Can you help me _________ (搬運(yùn)) the box? 5.Can I _________ (借) your bike? 6.Do you like ________ (看電視)? 7. My parents are busy _________ (為……做準(zhǔn)備) the visitors. 8.I think you'd bet

21、ter not ________ (出去) alone at night. 9. Do you mind my _____ (聽音樂)? ---Never mind. 10.I am afraid of _____(游泳), but Tom often _______(教) me_____(游泳). 11.What about ________ (坐) here ? OK , let me _________ (坐) here. 12.Tomorrow ________ (是) my birthday. I want _______ (舉行) a birthday party .

22、Would you ________ (來) to my party? 13. He mustn't __________ (停放) his car here . ___________ (看) at the sign " NO parking. 14.You need _________ (穿戴) warm clothes in winter. 15.Who ________(教) you English last term? 四、詞語運(yùn)用 閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。 say, do , work ,

23、 believe, may, watch, see, be, think, eat Can animals be made to work for us ? Some scientists __1__ that one day animals __2__ be taught to do a number of simple jobs .They __3__ that in a film or on TV we may __4__ elephants, monkeys ,dogs ,bears ,or other animals doing a lot of things .If

24、 you __5__ carefully , you may find that those animals are given something to eat in return for __6__ them. The scientists say that many different animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs if they will get something __7__. Of course, as we know , dogs can be used to guard a house ,and e

25、lephants can be used to do some heavy jobs. And we can also teach animals __8__ in factories. Apes ,for example have __9__ used in America to help make cars and scientists ___10__ that these monkeys may one day get in crops and even drive trains .? 五、完形填空 Mrs. Green lives in the country, and she _

26、__1__ know London very well. One day, she goes to London, but she 2 find her way. Just then, she 3 a man near the bus stop. “ I can ask him the way. ” she 4 . Then she goes over to the man and asks，“ Excuse me, will you please 5 me the way to King Street?” But the man doesn’t say anything.

27、 He 6 Cuba. He doesn’t 7 English. He comes to London for a 8 . He takes out a book and 9 something on it. Then he 10 it to Mrs. Green,“Sorry, I can’t speak English.” ( )1. A. does B. doesn’t C. do D. don’t ( )2. A. may B. may not C. can’t D. can ( )3. A. looks at B. watches C. see

28、s D. looks ( )4. A. thinks B. to think C. is thinking D. think ( )5. A.said B. say C. talk D. tell ( )6. A. am B. is C. isn’t D. are ( )7. A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. spoke ( )8. A. walk B. swim C. visit D. look ( )9. A. writing B. write C. writes D. wrote ( )10. A. shows

29、 B. gives C. gets D. takes 參考答案： 一、1—5BDBDD 6—10ACACD 11—15BAABC 二、1.swimming 2.to go 3. playing; is playing 4.goes 5. speak 6.Is openning; closing 7. lend 8. to wake 9. not play 10.pass 三、1.is swimming 2.has 3.read; listen 4.carry 5.borrow 6.watching TV 7.get ready for 8.go out 9.listenning to Music 10.swimming; teaches; to swim 11.sitting; sit 12.is; to have; come 13. park;look 14. wear/ to wear 15.teaches 四、1.think 2.may 3.say 4.see 5.watch 6.doing 7. to eat 8.to work 9.been 10.believe 五、1—5BCCAD 6—10BACCA