起重機電氣系統(tǒng)的設計【優(yōu)秀課程畢業(yè)設計含2張CAD圖紙+帶任務書+開題報告+外文翻譯】
起重機電氣系統(tǒng)的設計
摘 要
起重機在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和運輸中完成生產(chǎn)進程自動化和機械化扮演著重要的角色。起重機的自動化有助于減輕體力勞動，提高工作效率，降低工傷有著重要的實際意義。在鋼鐵行業(yè)、鐵路運輸、工礦采集、碼頭港口及物流周轉(zhuǎn)等企業(yè)和部門中起重機都得到了廣泛的運用。相比于國外的起重機設備，我國起重機設備的控制系統(tǒng)大部分還是采用比較傳統(tǒng)的控制方式。本課題對傳統(tǒng)的控制方式進行了改良，采用基于可編程控制器的方式來控制起重機主回路的運轉(zhuǎn)。這種方式簡化了起重機的控制系統(tǒng)、減少了控制系統(tǒng)部分占用的空間、操作維護更加簡單等。
論文首先介紹了課題的研究背景，研究的目的及意義，設計方案的對比和選擇，塔式起重機的結(jié)構(gòu)和載荷情況等，詳細計算了起重機主要的電器設備，分析了起重機的工作原理。完成課題中吊鉤的上升和下降的高速和低速的要求，分析了線路過流、短路、過載等保護的工作原理。
實現(xiàn)可編程控制器線路的監(jiān)控，采用的是電流變送器和模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換模塊的組合，將線路的交流信號轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號供可編程控制器讀取與預設值進行比較，然后根據(jù)設定程序?qū)χ骰芈吠瓿煽刂撇僮?，詳細地解釋了各段的程序。為了能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)電腦終端的監(jiān)測，本課題增加了利用電腦組態(tài)王軟件實現(xiàn)對可編程控制器內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)的讀取。本系統(tǒng)的控制核心是采用三菱的可編程控制器。在論文的最后主要是對起重機模擬樣機設計的解釋。
關(guān)鍵詞：塔式起重機；Y-△啟動；可編程控制器；模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換；電動機
Abstract
To complete the production process automation and mechanization crane plays an important role in modern industrial production and transportation. That automated cranes help to reduce manual labor, improve work efficiency and reduce work-related injuries has important practical significance. It has been widely used in the steel industry, railway transport, mining acquisition, port terminals and other.Compared to foreign crane equipment, Chinese control system of crane equipment mostly adopts the traditional control mode. The traditional control method was modified, in the subject, on PLC-based control system for the crane.The crane control system is simplified on the way.It made operation and maintenance easier and so on.
Paper introduces the research background, purpose and significance of the research.The design schemes are compared in the paper.There are detailed data and working principle of the crane.Completed the task in the rise and fall of the hook of high and low speed, and it analyze the circuit overcurrent, short circuit and overload protection.
Monitoring lines use a combination of current transducer and A / D to complete the AC signal into the digital signal for the PLC to read compared with a preset value, then according to the setting program, it control operation.There are detailed explanations of the various sections of the program. In order to enable monitoring of computer terminals, the subject use Kingview in computer to reads internal data in PLC.Control core of the system is the use of Mitsubishi -64MR PLC. In the end of the paper,it is mainly explanation of the crane simulation prototype design.
Keywords: Tower cranes; Y-△ method;PLC; Analog-to-digital conversion; motor
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 緒論 1
1.1 課題簡介 1
1.2 起重機的介紹 1
1.3 國外塔式起重機的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
1.4 國內(nèi)塔式起重機的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.5 可編程控制器在工業(yè)自動控制中的應用 2
1.6 課題研究的目的及意義 2
1.7 本章小結(jié) 2
2 起重機電氣系統(tǒng)的方案設計 3
2.1 10/1.6t塔式起重機 3
2.1.1塔式起重機QTZ160的簡介 3
2.1.2塔式起重機的結(jié)構(gòu)和運動形式 4
2.2 塔式起重機控制系統(tǒng)改造的原因分析 4
2.3設計任務 5
2.4 設計要求 5
2.5 方案設計 5
2.6 本章小結(jié) 7
3 起重機電氣系統(tǒng)的主回路的設計 8
3.1 起重機主電路的設計 8
3.2 主要電器設備計算及選型 8
3.2.1三相電動機的工作原理 8
3.2.2起重機的主要電器設備的選擇 9
3.3 主電動機電器控制線路的設計 13
3.4 起重機保護系統(tǒng)的設計 14
3.4.1過流保護和短路保護控制線路的設計 14
3.4.2起重機限位保護和聯(lián)鎖保護的設計 15
3.5 本章小結(jié) 15
4 起重機電氣系統(tǒng)控制部分的設計 16
4.1 可編程控制器 16
4.1.1可編程控制器系列的基本組成 16
4.1.2編程軟件GX Developer的簡介 16
4.2可編程控制器程序的設計 16
4.3 可編程控制器的選擇 17
4.3.1可編程控制器程序流程圖 18
4.4 電動機的正反轉(zhuǎn)程序部分的設計 19
4.5 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換部分的設計 19
4.5.1模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換模塊-4AD的簡介 19
4.5.2電流采集程序的設計 20
4.6 主電動機過流和短路軟件部分的設計 21
4.6.1電流變送器的簡介 21
4.6.2過流保護和短路保護的設計 21
4.7 PC實時顯示的設計 22
4.8 本章小結(jié) 22
5 起重機模擬樣機 23
5.1 實驗儀器及設備 23
5.1.1模擬樣機電動機的選擇 23
5.1.2模擬樣機電動機額定電流的計算 23
5.2 模擬樣機電路各處電流值的計算及元器件的選擇 23
5.3 模擬樣機運行前檢查 24
5.3.1起重機外觀及標注 24
5.3.2起重機電氣絕緣檢查 24
5.3.3電源柜檢查 25
5.3.4起重機可編程控制器輸入點檢查 25
5.3.5起重機可編程控制器輸出點檢查 25
5.4 調(diào)試步驟 25
5.5 本章小結(jié) 26
6 結(jié)論 27
致 謝 28
參考文獻 29
附 錄 30
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