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專題一 閱讀理解 第3課時 字斟句酌-駕馭推理判斷類題目 題組一　體驗真題 Passage 1 體裁：夾敘夾議文　話題：父母照顧孫子現(xiàn)象　詞數(shù)：277　時間：6′ (2016全國卷Ⅰ，B) Grandparents Answer a Call As a third－generation native of Brownsville，Texas，Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children，she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama’s mother－in－law，Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study of grandparents. com，83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two－thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family. “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough and fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，”says Christine Crosby，publisher of Grand magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them，especially when you’re raising children.” Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices，but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard，especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder. 【語篇解讀】　這是一篇夾敘夾議文。介紹了父母為了幫助孩子照顧其子女而搬家至他們很近的地方或與他們住在一起這一現(xiàn)象。 1．Why was Garza’s move a success? A．It strengthened her family ties. B．It improved her living conditions. C．It enabled her make more friends. D．It helped her know more new places. 答案　A　[推理判斷題。由第一段“...regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship...”一句可知，Garza一家子孫三代住在一起，加強了家人之間的紐帶。因此答案為A。] 2．What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson’s decision? A．17% expressed their support for it. B．Few people responded sympathetically. C．83% believed it had a bad influence. D．The majority thought it was a trend. 答案　D　[推理判斷題。由“Two－thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family”不難看出，多數(shù)人認為這是一種趨勢。] 3．What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A．They were unsure of themselves. B．They were eager to raise more children. C．They wanted to live away from their parents. D．They had little respect for their grandparent. 答案　C　[事實細節(jié)題。由第三段首句可知，人們急切地想掙脫父母的束縛來證明自己能獨立行事。因此C為正確答案。] 4．What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? A．Make decisions in the best interests of their own B．Ask their children to pay more visits to them C．Sacrifice for their struggling children D．Get to know themselves better 答案　A　[推理判斷題。本段首句即為主題句。由接下來的解釋可知，祖父母不可盲從，要視自己的興趣做出相應(yīng)的抉擇。故答案為A。] Passage 2 體裁：記敘文　話題：拼裝玩具的魔力　詞數(shù)：278　時間：6′ (2016全國卷Ⅱ，B)Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.” A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations. Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside．I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare，“But I’m just not creative.” “Do you dream at night when you’re asleep？” “Oh，sure.” “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That’s pretty creative.Who does that for you？” “Nobody.I do it.” “Really—at night，when you’re asleep？” “Sure.” “Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？” 【語篇解讀】　這是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是作為老師，作者讓學(xué)生拼裝玩具是為了更多地了解他們，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)并激勵他們的創(chuàng)造力。 5．The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to________． A．know more about the students B．make the lessons more exciting C．raise the students’ interest in art D．teach the students about toy design 答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，拼裝玩具時，有些學(xué)生看別人如何行動，有些學(xué)生查看了使用說明并根據(jù)模型拼裝。而另外一些學(xué)生則根據(jù)自己的想象力進行。由此可判斷出作者這么做是為了對學(xué)生的情況有更多的了解。] 6．What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．He liked to help his teacher. B．He preferred to study alone. C．He was active in class. D．He was imaginative. 答案　D　[細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.可知，他是一個很有創(chuàng)造力的人。] 7．What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Mistake. B．Drawback. C．Difficulty. D．Burden. 答案　B　[詞義猜測題。畫線句為段落主題句。結(jié)合后面的句子I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.我冒著有可能失去那些思維方式不同的學(xué)生的危險，可判斷出激勵的教育方式也有缺點。drawback缺點，符合語境。] 8．Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams? A．To help them to see their creativity. B．To find out about their sleeping habits. C．To help them to improve their memory. D．To find out about their ways of thinking. 答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后的對話內(nèi)容可知，作者讓孩子們談?wù)撍麄兡切└挥邢胂罅Φ膲粝?，是為了幫助他們看到自己的?chuàng)造力。] Passage 3 體裁：議論文　話題：精神咖啡館　詞數(shù)：315　時間：7′ (2015全國卷Ⅰ，C)Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening，as on every Thursday night，psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes，coffee drinking and the “talking cure”．Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isn’t always easy.The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高談闊論)，slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to say ‘one feels，’ or ‘people think’，”Lehanne told them.“Say ‘I think，’ ‘Think me’．” A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed？It couldn’t seem more un－French.But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself：It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours，a fast－food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology，history，and engineering are catching on，filling tables well into the evening. The city’s “psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort，are among the most popular places.Middle－aged homemakers，retirees，and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love，anger and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel.“There’s a strong need in Paris for communication，”says Maurice Frisch，a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives，these cafes wouldn’t exist，”she says，“If life weren’t a battle，people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.”But then，it wouldn’t be France. 【語篇解讀】　這是一篇議論文。作者從La Chope咖啡館的經(jīng)營特色談起，介紹了巴黎的一些主題咖啡館經(jīng)營理念的變化及其大受歡迎的原因。 9．What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope? A．Learn a new subject. B．Keep in touch with friends. C．Show off their knowledge. D．Express their true feelings. 答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第一段第二句可知，顧客在這里可以學(xué)著與他們內(nèi)心的真實情感取得聯(lián)系。亦即將自己的真實情感表達出來。故答案為D。] 10．How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes? A．They are less frequently visited. B．They stay open for longer hours. C．They have bigger night crowds. D．They start to serve fast food. 答案　A　[推理判斷題。由第二段“Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle...”一句可知，在過去的幾年里，巴黎咖啡館的生意因法國人的生活方式的變化而受損。由此可以推斷，人們不再那么頻繁地光顧咖啡館了。因此答案為A。] 11．What are theme cafes expected to do? A．Create more jobs. B．Supply better drinks. C．Save the cafe business. D．Serve the neighborhood. 答案　C　[推理判斷題。第二段最末兩句所傳達的信息是：許多主題咖啡館似乎要改變這種狀況。那些聚焦心理、歷史和工程的咖啡館大受歡迎，顧客盈門。據(jù)此可以判斷這些咖啡館是想通過改變管理理念挽回慘淡的生意。因此答案為C。] 12．Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris? A．They bring people true friendship. B．They give people spiritual support. C．They help people realize their dreams. D．They offer a platform for business links. 答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文最后一段的前兩句可知，料理家務(wù)的中年人、退休及失業(yè)人員來到這些心理咖啡館，敞開心扉，與心理專家談?wù)搻酆耷槌穑云讷@得精神上的支持。offer great comfort(提供慰藉)為解答本題的關(guān)鍵信息。因此答案選B。] Passage 4 體裁：記敘文　話題：歷史故事　詞數(shù)：340　時間：7′ (2016四川卷，C)In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest，there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people.Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.And yet，people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946.In theory，they should live by the French law.However，their remote locations mean that the French Law is often ignored or unknown，thus making them into an interesting area of “l(fā)awlessness” in the world. The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area，which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest，with half its population of only 250，000 living in its capital，Cayenne. “I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin.“I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I don’t see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.” “I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life，” continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white，which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.” His black－and－white pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self－supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，which brings with it not only necessary state welfare，but also alcoholism，betrayal and even suicide. 【語篇解讀】　法屬圭亞那是法國領(lǐng)土的一部分，那里由一套單獨適用該地的“法律”機制在運行，而這套規(guī)則并不是大家所看到的由法國統(tǒng)一頒布的法律。一位叫Gin的法國人記錄了那里的生活狀況，Gin拍攝的作品非常有張力和一種歷史深邃感。 13．Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana? A．They seldom follow the French law. B．They often ignore the Guianese law. C．They are separated from the modern world. D．They are both Guianese and French citizens. 答案　A　[細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段第二句“Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.”可知作者對這些土著人“無法無天”感到驚訝。] 14．Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as ________． A．a(chǎn) tour guide B．a(chǎn) geographer C．a(chǎn) film director D．a(chǎn) photographer 答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“ I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life”可知，Gin是作為一名攝影師來記錄土著人的生活的。] 15．What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese? A．Cautious. B．Doubtful. C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative. 答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”可知Gin對土著人的生活的評價是積極的，他在那里長時間拍攝并對法屬圭亞那人有深厚的感情。] 16．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The modern French lifestyle. B．The self－supporting world. C．The uncivilized hunting. D．The French Republic. 答案　A　[代詞指代題。代詞it指代前面提到的the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，因此選A。] Passage 5 體裁：說明文　話題：求生　詞數(shù)：340　時間：7′ (2015北京卷，A) The Boy Made It! On Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine.In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path.Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone！He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies.He was getting colder by the minute. Nicholas had no idea where he was.He tried not to panic.He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV.It was time to put the tips he had learned to use. He decided to stop skiing.There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed out.The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave.He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle.Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could. By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry.He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water.Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled (蜷縮) in his cave and slept. The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone.He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night.On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help.He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved. Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV.He had often watched Grylls’ survival show Man vs.Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life.In each episode (一期節(jié)目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out. When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive. 【語篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了十幾歲的青少年Nicholas 在滑雪時遭遇暴風(fēng)雪迷了路，他不畏艱難，利用在電視中學(xué)到的野外生存知識逃脫困境的故事。 17．What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon? A．He got lost. B．He broke his skis. C．He hurt his eyes. D．He caught a cold. 答案　A　[細節(jié)理解題。由第一段Before he knew it，Nicholas was lost，all alone！可知Nicholas在滑雪時突遇暴風(fēng)雪而迷路。選A。] 18．How did Nicholas keep himself warm? A．He found a shelter. B．He lighted some branches. C．He kept on skiing. D．He built a snow cave. 答案　D　[細節(jié)理解題。由第三段 Nicholas built a snow cave.和to stay as warm as he could可知，Nicholas為了保持自己體溫不降低，他建了一個雪洞。選D。] 19．On Tuesday, Nicholas ________． A．returned to his shelter safely B．was saved by a searcher C．got stuck in the snow D．stayed where he was 答案　B　[細節(jié)理解題。由第五段He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.可知星期二，當(dāng)Nicholas走出大約一英里的地方時一位自愿搜尋者找到了他。選B。] 20．Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he ________． A．did the right things in the dangerous situation B．watched Grylls’ TV program regularly C．created some tips for survival D．was very hard－working 答案　A　[推理判斷題。由最后一段最后一句he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.可知，Grylls這個人想表達Nicholas能在如此困難的情況下活下來是非常了不起的。選A。] 題組二　嘗試模擬 Passage 1 (2016鄭州高三模擬)I first came across the concept of pay－what－you－can cafes last summer in Boone，N.C.，where I ate at F．A.R.M.(Feed All Regardless of Means) Cafe.You can volunteer to earn your meal，pay the suggested price ($10) or less，or you can overpay—paying it forward for a future customer’s meal.My only regret after eating there was not having a chance to give my time.So as soon as Healthy World Cafe opened in York in April，I signed up for a volunteer shift (輪班)． F．A.R.M.and Healthy World are part of a growing trend of community cafes.In 2003，Denise Cerreta opened the first in Salt Lake City.Cerreta now runs the One World Everybody Eats Foundation，helping others copy her pay－what－you－can model. “I think the community cafe is truly a handup，not a handout，” Cerreta said.She acknowledged that soup kitchens (施粥所) have a place in society，but people typically don’t feel good about going there. “One of the values of the community cafe is that we have another approach，” she said.“Everyone eats here，no one needs to know whether you volunteered，underpaid or overpaid.” The successful cafes not only address hunger and food insecurity but also become necessary parts of their neighborhoods—whether it’s a place to learn skills or hear live music.Some teach cooking to seniors; some offer free used books.Eating or working there is a reminder that we’re all in this world together. My 10：00 am.—1：00 pm. shift at Healthy World Cafe began with the cafe manager—one of two paid staff members.Our volunteer crew wasn’t the most orderly，but we managed to prepare and serve meals with a lot of laughs in between.At the end of my shift，I ordered my earned meal at the counter，together with other volunteers.After lunch，I walked out the door，with a handful of new friends，music in my head and a satisfied belly and heart. 【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章介紹了時下正在興起的社區(qū)餐館。 1．What did the author do at F．A.R.M.Cafe last summer? A．She worked as a volunteer. B．She overpaid for her food. C．She ate free of charge. D．She enjoyed a meal. 答案　D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的where I ate at F．A.R.M.(Feed All Regardless of Means) Cafe和My only regret after eating there was not having a chance to give my time可知，作者去年在F.A.R.M.Cafe只是吃了頓飯而已。] 2．What is the advantage of community cafes compared with soup kitchens? A．People can have free food. B．People can maintain their dignity. C．People can stay as long as they like. D．People can find their places in society. 答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的people typically don’t feel good about going there和第四段的no one needs to know whether you volunteered，underpaid or overpaid可知，在社區(qū)餐館人們不用擔(dān)心別人怎么評判自己，與施粥所相比，他們在這里更有尊嚴。] 3．Why are community cafes becoming popular in the neighborhoods? A．They bring people true friendships. B．They help to bring people together. C．They create a lot of job opportunities. D．They support local economic development. 答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的become necessary parts of their neighborhoods及Eating or working there is a reminder that we’re all in this world together可知，社區(qū)餐館將大家的心凝聚在一起，讓人與人之間的關(guān)系更親近。] 4．How did the author feel about working at Healthy World Cafe? A．It paid well. B．It changed her. C．It was beneficial. D．It was easy for her. 答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句可知，作者在這家社區(qū)餐館做志愿工作可以交到朋友、陶醉在美妙的音樂中、享受美味的食物，身心都得到了滿足，所以在此收獲頗豐。] Passage 2 (2016南昌高三模擬)When I went away to college，I chose to go to a large school in another state in an attempt to never again see those popular girls，the ones who drove quiet girls like me headlong into the arms of dusty books. Since I didn’t know a soul at this university，I volunteered for a club to make friends.That’s how I ended up one winter evening standing outside the student union，waiting for the night’s famous speaker to drive up.My assignment was to escort (護送) her to the auditorium where her fans eagerly waited to hear Maya Angelou，author of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. As showtime neared，Angelou’s car pulled up.When its door opened，Angelou and a female friend exited，each wearing head－to－toe fur coats.I nervously guided the pair inside.Angelou was ready to sweep onstage，but first，there was her fur coat.I offered to babysit it backstage to make sure it was safe. “No，” she said.She looked out at the audience.“You need to get out there and live.” So I found a front－row seat and he