第九屆初中生科普英語競賽輔導(dǎo)材料.doc

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第九屆初中生科普英語競賽輔導(dǎo)材料 1． An Animal that Sees with Its Ears echolocation?[ek?u l?u’kei??n] n. 回聲定位能力, 回聲定位法 eyesight ['a?sa?t ]? n. 視力 object ['?bd?ikt ]?? n. 物體 賓語從句 Scientists now know that bats ‘see’ by using what we call ‘echolocation’. 表語從句??? Here is how it works. It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.??? It is almost impossible to trick them. use their eyesight to hunt for food certain bats: some bats make a sound send out sound waves a fraction of a sound later: in a short time not only…but… even though: even if 即使 without any trouble more importantly? catch it in mid-air tell?? v. 判斷 something good to e 2．Fish with flashlights? 現(xiàn)在完成時?? have+過去分詞? Have you ever heard of a fish with flashlight? 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時? Have you ever been sitting at home when the electricity went off? 現(xiàn)在分詞doing，具有形容詞或副詞的特點，可以做定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、表語。 ?如： There is a man standing there.（后置定語） Being ill today, I won‘t come.（原因狀語） I see him standing there.??????? （補(bǔ)語） He is speaking.?????? （表語） （注意它和動名詞做表語的區(qū)別，記住動名詞是個名詞性成分） the 比較級+the 比較級?? 越…就越…. The darker the surroundings, the brighter the glow appears to be. 定語從句 These bacteria produce certain chemicals that give off a faint glow. Some of these fish have special ‘shutters’ over the pouches in which these bacteria live. Other scientists think that the fish use these ‘flashlights’ to attract smaller fish which they eat as food. There may be other reasons for this special ‘flashlight’ that we have not yet discovered. Key structures and Phrases 被動語態(tài)?? be+過去分詞? Sometimes the fish do not want to be seen, so they simply close these shutters. This keeps the glow from being seen. ?(the electricity) go off ：go out? / have a black out give off light pretty scary:? very scary search for: look for as…as… to a depth of 到達(dá)…的深度 once? 一旦 pitch-black? adj.漆黑的, 墨黑的 have the ability to = be able to keep … from doing sth.? =stop …from doing sth. at other times? = on other occasions allow sb. to do sth. a colony of thousands of bacteria? 聚集著成千上萬的細(xì)菌 give off a faint glow= give off faint light 3 Penguins- perfect parents survive [ s?‘vaiv ]?v. 生存,生還 amazing [?’meizi?] 驚人的，驚奇的 形容詞最高級? the most amazing animals one of the coldest places on Earth 虛擬語氣? If their eggs were left on the ice, they would freeze solid! 被動語態(tài)? be left 定語從句? They return to the icy shore where the mother lays one very large egg. make their home in the Antarctic 在南極安家 not only…but also =not only… but.. as well survive the bitter cold 在嚴(yán)寒的環(huán)境中生存 make perfect parents=be perfect parents? spend…(in) doing sth. at the start of winter nothing but= only a fold of feathered skin roll onto stay behind be full of? feed? with care for? = take care of = look after go back to the sea take turns doing sth.輪流, 依次做某事 one parent, the other….. 一個，另一個 聯(lián)系動詞---stay+形容詞???? stay gone 表示狀態(tài)和狀態(tài)的持續(xù),如: be(是), seem(似乎), look(看起來), appear(似乎), feel(覺得), sound(聽起來), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), keep(保持), remain(保持), stand(站立), lie(躺), stay(停留)等。表示從一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài),如:become(變成), go(變得), get(變得), turn(變成), grow(變成), fall(變成某種狀態(tài)), come(成為), run(變成)等。 4 What?! A meat- eating plant?! herbivorous [h?:'biv?r?s ]?? a. 食草性的 carnivorous [kɑ:'niv?r?s? ]? a. 食肉性的 the pitcher plant ['pit?? ]?? 豬籠草 sundew ['s?n,du:]??? n. 毛膏菜 be composed of [k?m'p?uzd ]? 由….組成 slippery ['slip?ri]?? a. 滑的 rim??? [rim ]? n. （尤指圓形物的）邊緣 prevent…from doing sth.? 防止做某事 nectar? ['nekt?]?? n. 花蜜 projection [pr?'d?ek??n]? n. 突起，突狀物 suffocate ['s?f?keit ]?? v. 使窒息 fearfully ['fi?f?li ]??? adv. 可怕地 定語從句 Those that eat plants; and those that eat meat. People in Asia could tell you about the pitcher plant, which is shaded with bright red color and produces a honey-like juice that attracts insects. The fluid then suffocate the insect, which gradually is digested by the plant. divide into 把…分成 believe it or not? 信不信由你，不管你是否相信 for example：for instance? 例如 tell sb. about sth. is shaded with? 掩映在….之中（被動語態(tài)） be composed of 由….構(gòu)成 extremely slippery=very slippery lean over? 彎下身子，俯身于…之上 lose one’s footing? 失足 at the bottom of? 在….的底部 drown the insect 將昆蟲淹死?? [draun] digest.. as food for the plant? 將它作為植物的美食消化掉 secrete a sticky substance [si’kri:t] 分泌一種粘稠的物質(zhì) prevent…from doing sth. 防止…做某事 struggle to free itself? 掙扎著想飛走 adapt to? 適應(yīng) 5 Light night, dark stars haze?? [ heiz? ] n. 薄霧 artificial? [,ɑ:ti’fi??l ] adj. 人造的 surround? [s?’raund] vt. 包圍, 環(huán)境 be surrounded by? 被….環(huán)繞 invisible? [in’viz?bl]? adj. 看不見的, 無形的 disorient [dis’?:ri?nt] vt. 使失去方向感, 使迷惑?????????????? efficient [I’fi??nt adj. (直接)生效的, 有效率的, 能干的 energy-efficient? a. 節(jié)能的 shielding? [‘?i:ldi? ] n. 護(hù)罩 blind??? n.(pl.) 百葉窗，窗簾 internal??? a. 內(nèi)在的，內(nèi)部的 形容詞、副詞比較級 more wisely and with less waste even worse/?? far more difficult on a clear night? 在一個晴朗的晚上 block the view?? 擋住視線 see.. from afar?? 從遠(yuǎn)處看 witness light pollution? 見識光污染 be made up of? 由….組成 make…even worse 使…. 更嚴(yán)重 this haze of light? 這團(tuán)光霧 make it far more difficult for sb. to do sth.? it 為形式賓語 depend on? 依靠，依賴 guide them into the water 指路回到水中 end up doing sth.??? 以……結(jié)束 Key structures and Phrases head toward…by mistake 錯誤地朝著…走 lit-up parking lots? 燈火通明的停車場 It is estimated that … 據(jù)估計 prevent…from doing sth. in use???? 使用中 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事 motion-sensor lights 感應(yīng)燈 energy-efficient light bulbs 節(jié)能燈泡 shine skyward?? 向天空照 可修飾比較級的詞? 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等 2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語 3）以上詞(除by far)外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面 6 Don’t eat that sandwich! contaminate?? [k?n’t?mineit]? v. 弄臟，污染 bacteria[ b?k‘ti?ri? ]?n. 細(xì)菌 vomit [v?mit ] v.嘔吐 diarrhea [,dai?’ri?] n. 痢疾,腹瀉 organism [‘?:ɡ?niz?m ]? n. 有機(jī)體，有機(jī)組織 symptom? ['simpt?m]?? n.? 癥狀 Salmonella [s?lm?'nel? ] n. 沙門氏菌 thoroughly [‘θ?r?li]? ad. 徹底地，完全地 attach to?? [?’t?t?]? 附在…..上? in the rush to do sth.急匆匆地做某事 throw it away? 扔掉 follow a rule? 遵循規(guī)則 single celled organisms 單細(xì)胞有機(jī)體??? cause illnesses: cause diseases common symptoms? 常見的癥狀 food borne bacteria食物上滋生的細(xì)菌?? （bear- bore- born/borne） make people sick earlier this year? 今年年初 attach to???? 附在……上 according to 根據(jù)，據(jù)……說 carry out a series of experiments 開展一系列實驗 it takes sb. some time to do sth. toss it out?? 把它丟棄, 扔掉 be careful (not) to do sth. 當(dāng)心（別）做某事 at the manufacturing plant? 在生產(chǎn)廠家? [m?nju'f?kt??] be found in raw eggs and chicken??? 被動語態(tài) raw------- cooked???? 反義詞 cook thoroughly 燒熟??????????????????????????????????? tip?? n.? 提示, 技巧 動名詞----動詞原形+ing構(gòu)成，具有名詞，動詞一些特征 Being a good housekeeper is a second tip for preventing infection. 動名詞：動名詞在形式上和現(xiàn)在分詞相同，然而現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞或副詞的特點；而動名詞具有名詞的特點，在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語或介詞的賓語。 e.g.Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一種樂趣。????????????????? （主語） Seeing is believing.眼見為實。（主語） Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一個目標(biāo)是結(jié)束國家的混亂狀態(tài)。（表語） My job is teaching.我的工作是教學(xué)。（表語） Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋該修理了。（賓語） I have finished writing this book.我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。??????????????????? (賓語) She left without saying good-bye to us.她沒有向我們告別就走了。（介詞賓語） My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜歡滑冰（介詞賓語） Thank you for giving me some help. 謝謝你給我些幫助。?????????? (介詞賓語) Being a good housekeeper is a second tip for preventing infection. 7. A different way to wake up assignment?? [?'sainm?nt ] n. 作業(yè) halogen??? ['h?l?d??n]? n. 鹵素 cured??? [kju?d ]? a. 腌制的 clang??? [kl??]? v. 發(fā)出當(dāng)當(dāng)聲 strip?? [strip ]?? n. 條 preserved [pri'z?:vd] a. 保鮮的 spoil? [sp?il ]?? v. 壞掉 nostril ['n?stril ]? n. 鼻孔 beep [bi:p ]??? n. 喇叭 work on a degree in art and technology 攻讀藝術(shù)與技術(shù)學(xué)位 in electronic class 在電子班 create something for the household? 開發(fā)一個家居用品 an alarm clock??? 鬧鈴 deal with? wake up to? 被….叫醒 instead of?? 替代 clanging?? 發(fā)出當(dāng)當(dāng)聲的 rather than?? 而不是 There is no danger of burning 不會有失火的危險 use for doing sth. = use to do sth. 用來做某事 turn off automatically 自動熄滅（關(guān)閉） a couple of(= several) frozen strip 幾條速凍的肉 the night before? 前一天晚上 spoil? v. 壞掉，腐壞 set the alarm for 把鬧鐘設(shè)在(幾點) under the halogen bulbs blow the scent out 把香味吹出 smell yourself awake 烤肉的香味把自己叫醒 on the side? 邊上的 被動語態(tài)??? be+過去分詞Just a few easy steps are required to set the ‘a(chǎn)larm’. 8. Europe tops the world charts for quality of life top? n.蓋，加以頂，高達(dá)，超越 chart? 圖表，這里指排行榜 quality of life????? 生活質(zhì)量 show…as…顯示…為… tie? n.（投票等的）同數(shù)，（比賽時）同分，平局；v. 不分勝負(fù) tying? tie的ing形式 criteria???? [krai’ti?ri?]n.標(biāo)準(zhǔn) key criteria?? 關(guān)鍵的（主要的）評選標(biāo)準(zhǔn) be lacking in???? “缺乏” magnify? [‘m?gnifai]? v.放大，擴(kuò)大 scrape?? [skreip]? v.刮擦，摩擦，“觸地” stakes??? n.木樁，“方面” knock …into…把…打入、擊入 dominate?? [‘d?mineit] v. 支配, 占優(yōu)勢 rank? [r??k] n. 排名 v. 排列,歸類于,列于 annual?? [‘?nju?l]????? a. 每年的;全年的 consultancy [k?n’s?lt?nsi] n. 顧問 retain? [ri’tein]? vt. 保持, 保留 distinction [dis’tink??n] n. 聲望 Brazzaville [‘br?z?vil ] 布拉柴維爾 Congo?? [‘k?ng?u] 剛果 in which to live用來修飾先行詞city Zurich??? [‘zu?rik] n. 蘇黎世 Vancouver [v?n’ku:v?] 溫哥華(加拿大一港市) Vienna? ? [vi‘en?]n. 維也納(奧地利首都) be used to? 被用于? desirability [di,zair?’bil?ti] n.愿望, 需求 v. desire? 渴望? -able 形容詞后綴? -ability 能力 natural and socio-cutural environment [‘s??i?u] 自然人文環(huán)境 recreation [rekri’ei?(?)n] 娛樂，消遣 equal with? 與...相等，與.....并列 senior researcher? [‘si:nj?]? 高級研究員 basic comforts of life?? 基本的生活舒適度 hygiene? [‘haid?i:n]? n. 衛(wèi)生 personal safety? 個人安全 differentiators [dif?’r?n?i,eit?]? 差距 developing countries? 發(fā)展中國家 developed countries?? 發(fā)達(dá)國家 instability? n.不穩(wěn)定性 stable? a. 穩(wěn)定的---stability n.穩(wěn)定性–- instability round out?? 充實，還有，豐滿 in the environmental stakes 在環(huán)境方面 pollution-choked 城市污染嚴(yán)重的? choke窒息 Frankfurt?? [‘fr?nkf?t] 法蘭克福 Helsinki??? [‘helsi?ki] 赫爾辛基 Auckland?? [?:kl?nd] 奧克蘭 Copenhagen [,k?up?n’heig?n] 哥本哈根 Ouagadougou?? [wa:g?’du:gu:]瓦加杜古 Burkina Faso [ ‘b?:kin? ‘f?s?u]布基納法索（非洲國家） Baghdad? [‘b?gd?d]巴格達(dá) Calgary? [‘k?lg?ri] 卡爾加里 Mexico City [‘meksik?u] 墨西哥 被動語態(tài)????????? be+過去分詞 was used as/ were used to/ is magnified by 現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+過去分詞 Though the world’s living standards have risen slightly since last year,… rise- rose– risen 上升 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的詞：already, yet, ever, never, before, just, lately, up to now, up till now, now, so far, for+一段時間, since+時間點, three times….. ?9. Skip the milk chocolate, dark is better for you skip 跳過 bonbon? [‘b?nb?n] 糖果 be better off (doing sth.) 最好做某事，做某事很明智 protect against? 使免受 interfere with? 妨礙，干擾 dietary? [‘dai?t?ri] a. 飲食上的??? diet n.飲食 flavonoid? [‘fleiv?n?id] 類黃酮 degenerative disease? n.變性疾病，變異疾病??? [di’d?en?r?tiv] be good for? ----be better for if…, might… favor?? vt.支持, 贊成, 喜歡? favorite a.喜愛的 favor…over…喜歡勝過 variety? n.品種，種類? a variety of 各種各樣的???????? varied a. 各式各樣的 be better off switching? 最好還是改變一下 antioxidant [‘?nti’?ksid?nt]抗氧化劑, 硬化防止劑?? anti- 反，抗?????? oxid-- 氧氣，氧化 oxygen 氧氣?? carbon-dioxide? 二氧化碳 carbon monoxide 一氧化碳 raise +n.? vt? 及物動詞，后接名詞?? n.上升, 高地, rise??? vi.? 不及物動詞，后不接名詞 n. 上升, 增加 protect against??? 使免受 heart disease??? 心臟疾病 along with?? 伴著 interfere with 妨礙，干擾 [,int?’fi?] absorption n.吸收?? absorb v. scientific journal Nature 科學(xué)雜志《自然》 100 grams of???? 100克 blood analysis? [?’n?lisis]? 血液分析 epicatechin? [epi’k?tit?in]? 表兒茶酸 associate? [?’s?u?ieit] n. 同事,助手 in contrast?? 相反，對比??? a- [?] moreover= in addition? 此外 (in the) bloodstream? 血流 highlight the possibility??? 增加了可能性 highlight v.使顯著?? possible---possibility take into account? 重視，考慮 dietary habits? 飲食習(xí)慣 assess v. 評估???? assessment n. 被動語態(tài)???? be+過去分詞?? is/ was eaten/was seen 形容詞比較級 ????is better for?? be better off doing sth.?? much lower than? good- better –best? much – more- most? many- more--most 10. Lots of fruit in childhood cuts adult cancer risk cuts adult cancer risk? 成年少生癌癥 the more…. the more…越…越…. have an effect on ?對….有影響 fill in? 填寫（表格） inventory [‘inv?nt?ri ] n.清單 be less likely to? 可能性較小 suffer from? 患(某種病); 受(某種病痛)折磨 cancer? [‘k?ns?]? 癌癥 the more….the less likely…越多…，…的可能性就越小 lung, bowel and breast cancer???? [‘bau?l]? 腸??? [brest] 乳房????? 肺癌，腸癌，乳腺癌 childhood fruit consumption? [k?n’s?mp??n ] 孩提時代水果的食用量 （consume? v.消耗，消費(fèi)） have an effect on? 對…有影響 in adulthood?? 在成年以后 Medical Research Council 醫(yī)學(xué)研究會 look into?? 瀏覽，調(diào)查 in rural and urban areas?? [‘ru?r?l ]? 農(nóng)村的? [‘?:b?n]?? 城市的 up to??? 直到,多達(dá) diagnose the case of cancer診斷患癌癥病例 in addition to? 除了 fewer= make fewer 減少 be associated with? 與……有關(guān)，與……有關(guān)系 [?’s?u?ieit ] be loaded with? 富含 [l?ud]裝載, 裝載量,負(fù)荷 vitamin? [‘vit?min]?? 維他命 nutrient? [‘nju:tri?nt]?? 營養(yǎng)物，營養(yǎng)品 genetic damage [d?i’netik] 遺傳學(xué)?? 遺傳損傷;遺傳性損傷 lead to? 導(dǎo)致 the development of cancer 癌變 impact? ? [’imp?kt] n. 影響, 作用 the impact on? 在….方面的影響 beta carotene [‘bi:t?‘k?r?ti:n] β胡蘿卜素 evidence? [‘evid?ns]? 證據(jù); 跡象 individual? [,?ndi’vidju?l]? adj. 個別的, 單獨的, 個人的 as protective as?? 和…一樣有效 [pr?’tektiv] adj. 保護(hù)的, 防護(hù)的 過去完成時??? had+過去分詞??? had eaten/? had been diagnosed ?11. Internet may cause depression appear to= seem to? 似乎，好像 log on? [l?g]? 上網(wǎng) be contrary to 與….相反? [‘k?ntr?ri] account for 解釋 per se? [p?:’sei] ad.本身，就其本身而論 in terms of? 和….相關(guān) decline [di’klain]n. 下降, 減少, 衰退 in psychological well-being? 心理健康?? [,saik?’l?d?ik?l]? adj. 心理的; 精神的 well-being??? n. 健康，康樂，安寧 according to? 根據(jù) depression? [di‘pre??n]? n. 憂傷, 消沉, 沮喪 loneliness? [‘l?unliniz]? n. 孤獨 lonely? a. – loneliness—alone 單獨的 less frequently頻率較低 [‘fri:kw?ntli] adv. 常常,頻繁地,經(jīng)常地 two-year study????? 復(fù)合形容詞 spend time on sth. it is not….but…. 不是，而是 actually?? [‘?kt?u?li]? adv. 實際上, 確實 puzzle over? 對….困惑不解 be contrary to 與…相反 expectation? [ekspek’tei??n] n. 預(yù)料; 期望 expect?? [iks’pekt]? v.預(yù)料，預(yù)期 socially [‘s?u??li]? adv.從社交角度上 healthy- healthier? (than) since= because available [?’veil?bl] adj. 可用的或可得到的 hypothesize [hai’p?θisaiz]v.假設(shè),假定,猜測 faceless? 見不到面的 bodiless 看不見人的（body） virtual communication [‘v?:tju?l] adj. 實質(zhì)上的, 事實上的, 實際上的 [k?,mju:ni’kei??n] n. 交流, 交際, 通訊 psychologically satisfying 心理滿足 actual conversation 現(xiàn)實的溝通 shallow---- shallower 更淺 exposure to?? 暴露 [iks’p?u??] expose?? v.?? exposure? n. via= through? 通過 be satisfied with 對…感到滿意 psychology? n.心理學(xué)---psychological a. --- psychologically adv. --- psychologist n. 心理學(xué)家 sponsor? [‘sp?ns?]發(fā)起人 point to 指向 application? [,?pli’kei??n] 實際應(yīng)用 12. What is color blindness? tease sb. about sth.? [ti:z ] 嘲笑某人 have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困難 tricky [‘triki] a. 棘手的 trick? vt. 哄騙; 欺騙 normal? [’n?:m?l]正常的 respond to 對…作出反應(yīng) inherited trait [in’heritid]遺傳特征 far more likely to do sth. 更容易，更可能 at least? 至少 lend him a hand =give him some help had better do sth. 最好做某事 13. 2009’s eclipse? [i‘klips] solar eclipse就是自然奇觀“日食”。Solar源于希臘語，指“of，relating to，or proceeding from the sun”（和太陽有關(guān)的或從太陽發(fā)出的），其相關(guān)的表達(dá)如：solar calendar（陽歷），solar cooker（太陽灶），solar heating system（太陽能加熱系統(tǒng)）。 eclipse，由于它指代“天體的部分或全部受其它天體的遮掩而變得晦暗”，我們可以將其引申為“使黯然失色”，用在英語寫作或口語表達(dá)上會您增色不少。? “日全食”----total solar eclipse??? “日偏食”------partial solar eclipse ‘月食’：lunar eclipse; eclipse of the moon; moon's eclipse be into….對….感興趣 spectacular [spek’t?kjul?] 壯觀，場面浩大 charter [‘t?ɑ:t? ] 包租，承租 humidity [hju:’miditi ] 空氣濕度，潮濕?? humid? a. 潮濕的 sky-gazers 觀天象者，天文愛好者 gaze v.凝視----gazer n.凝視者 eternity [I‘t?:niti]永恒 eternal a. 永恒的 junkie n.對…入迷/上癮的人?? [‘d???ki] a total solar eclipse 日全食 book a trip= reserve a trip sell out 賣完 as soon as… 一…就… on average? 平均 被動語態(tài)? are announced 被宣布 are created equal 被平等地創(chuàng)造 dark a. ----darken v. 使…變暗 make a huge difference有很大關(guān)系 take place= occur= happen frequent? a. 時常發(fā)生的，常見的 humidity? n. 空氣濕度，潮濕 make for 致使 relatively? adv. 相對地 easy-to-reach 交通便利的 predicted length 預(yù)計的長度 long a.---- length n. even longer???? even+比較級 get out to sea? 出海 Iwo Jima 硫磺島 [‘i:w?u ‘d?i:m?] 14. Why do people shrink? shrink?? [?ri?k]? v. 縮 gravity? [‘ɡr?viti] n. 重力 cushion [’ku??n] n. 墊子 spine? [spain] n.脊柱 press v. 擠壓 osteoporosis[,?sti?up?:’r?usis] n.骨質(zhì)疏松癥 replace v. 代替??? recover? v. 恢復(fù) become tiny enough? become+ adj.? 聯(lián)系動詞+形容詞? ?又如： become smaller and weaker?????? stay strong? 形容詞+enough?? ?enough+名詞 it is +adj+for sb. to do sth. a little shorter? a little +形容詞比較級 over time 隨著時間的流逝 over years 年復(fù)一年 at all??? 根本?????? take hold? 控制 get compressed= be compressed end up doing sth.以……結(jié)束 lose a little height? 使人變矮 high a. ------ height n. 高度 break down 衰弱下來 is said to be lost? 據(jù)說 被流失 it’s not being replaced 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài) eat a well-balanced diet? 均衡地飲食 rich in?? 富含 bone-building mineral calcium 強(qiáng)骨礦物鈣質(zhì)???????? [‘k?lsi?m] 鈣 exercise regularly? 有規(guī)律地運(yùn)動 not as tall as… 不如…高 15. Benjamin Franklin and the discovery of electricity know more about it? 對他多一些了解 pass through metal 穿過金屬 base 根部 brass? a-[a:] thundercloud?? [‘θ?nd?klaud] 雷雨云 pick up electrical charges 獲得電荷 wet-wet/wetted- wet/wetted cautiously [‘k?:??sli] 謹(jǐn)慎地 reach out his finger? 伸出他的手指 a series of sparks? 一串火花 thus 因此 might+現(xiàn)在完成時???? 表示對過去發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行猜測 如：might have been killed a bolt of lightning 一道閃電 figure out a way 找到一個解決辦法 16. Einstein’s theory of relativity theory of relativity 相對論? [‘θi?ri]??? [rel?’tiv?ti] be famous for?? 以…而聞名 mass? [m?s] 質(zhì)量 unchangeable? 一成不變 be relative to? 與….相對 in my point of view 就我的角度來看 different points of view 不同角度 from your point of view 從你的角度 construct a theory構(gòu)建一個理論 apply …to… 應(yīng)用…到… the world of physics 物理世界 make advancement 取得進(jìn)步 it is +adj+ for sb.+ to do sth. remain the same?? 保持不變 elevator? =lift??? 直達(dá)電梯 crash at the bottom 摔至底部 it seems that 似乎 depend on? 取決于 You won’t feel like you’re being pulled on anymore than gravity usually does.你不會感覺到向下的拉力，正如你平時也不會感受到重力一樣。? feel like / sound like / taste like / smell like / look like? If…were, it would …..虛擬語氣are being pulled 正在被拽著? 使用被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意什么 被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)被動語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”，其中be根據(jù)情況可使用各種不同時態(tài)。這句口訣是“被動語態(tài)必有be? done，時態(tài)在be上體現(xiàn)” ，也就是說只在“be動詞上做文章，過去分詞不動！”初中階段要掌握六個時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)和情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/were done 過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)：was/were being done 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：has/have been done 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：am/is/are done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)：am/is/are being done 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：will be done；am/is/are going to be done 否定句和疑問句都在助動詞be后加not，疑問句把助動詞be提前 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：can/may/must/could/should be done 否定句和疑問句都在情態(tài)動詞后加not,疑問句把情態(tài)動詞提前 哪些動詞無被動語態(tài)：不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。因為不及物動詞沒有賓語，所以若將其用于被動語態(tài)則沒有主語，故不能用于被動語態(tài)。 如：take place(發(fā)生)，happen(發(fā)生)，break out(爆發(fā))，appear(出現(xiàn))，disappear(消失)，last(持續(xù))，spread等： 17. Animals’ compasses compass [‘k?mp?s]? n. 羅盤，指南針 navigate? [’n?viɡeit] v. 導(dǎo)航，航行 – navigation n. magnetic [m?ɡ‘netik] a. 磁性 nectar? [’nekt?] n. 花蜜 hive? [haiv] n. 蜂箱，蜂房 migrate [mai’ɡreit] v. 遷徙 migrating animals? 遷徙的動物 a variety of? 各種各樣的 vary?? [‘v??ri] v.? 呈現(xiàn)不同— various [‘v??ri?s] adj.各種不同的, 各種各樣的---- variety [v?’rai?ti]? n. 品種, 種類 inner compasses? 體內(nèi)的指南針 steer =navigate [sti?] 掌舵，駕駛 the position of the Sun 太陽的位置 switch to? 轉(zhuǎn)向 the homing pigeon 信鴿 homing （鳥、動物）有返回原地能力的 the Earth’s magnetic fields 地球的磁場 indication [,?ndi’kei??n] n.跡象 mollusk? [’m?l?sk] n. 軟體動物 make use of? 利用 otherwise 否則 complicated [‘k?mplikeitid]復(fù)雜的 naturalist [‘n?t??r?l?st] n. 博物學(xué)家 bee scout [skaut]? 偵查員 in relation to? 與….有關(guān) gather the food 采集食物 may have changed 可能已經(jīng)改變了 somewhat 有點，稍微 In later trips during the day, the Sun will seem to move farther and farther toward the west. 出發(fā)地越遲，太陽就越偏西。? far– farther—farthest? far– further-- furthest change their course correspondingly 相應(yīng)地改變前進(jìn)的方向 course [k?:s]? n. 課程，進(jìn)程, 過程，航向, 航線，一道菜 correspondingly [,k?ris’p?ndi?li]adv.相對地,比照地,相應(yīng)地 18. Colour and life optimist [‘?ptimist] n. 樂觀主義者---optimistic a. 樂觀的-- optimism?[‘?ptimiz?m] n. 樂觀主義; 樂觀 pessimist n. 悲觀主義者--pessimistic a. –pessimism depressing a.令人沮喪的--depressed? a.感到沮喪的—depression n.沮喪，憂傷 suicide [’sjuisaid]? n 自殺 excitement n. 興奮,激動（的事） excite—excited—exciting would rather… than…寧愿…而不是… tend to do sth.傾向做某事 at least 至少 what psychologist tell us 做be動詞的表語 have been seriously studying …一直在認(rèn)認(rèn)真真地研究???? 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 the meaning of colour preference 色彩偏愛的意義[‘pref?r?ns] as well as? 也 have effect on? 在…的影響 [I’fekt] influence our moods? 影響我們的情緒 [‘influ?ns] v.n.影響 [mu:d] n.心情,情緒 doubt?? [daut]?? n. 懷疑 cheerful? 歡樂的，高興的 relaxed? 輕松的，自在的 on the other hand 在另一個方面 used to be 過去常常 scene [si:n]? 現(xiàn)場，地點 any other +名詞單數(shù)? any other bridge any other student??? any other boy paint---repaint– be repainted 被動語態(tài) suicide attempt 自殺的企圖 sharply? adv. 急劇地