高考英語 語法專項(xiàng)突破 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣課件 外研版.ppt
《高考英語 語法專項(xiàng)突破 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣課件 外研版.ppt》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《高考英語 語法專項(xiàng)突破 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣課件 外研版.ppt(75頁珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,走向高考 · 英語,外研版 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí),語法專項(xiàng)突破,第二部分,語法專項(xiàng)突破(九) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣,第二部分,考 綱 解 讀,命 題 分 析,知 識(shí) 歸 納,語 法 專 練,2,3,4,1,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一直是高考英語單項(xiàng)填空中非常重要的一個(gè)語法項(xiàng)目。高考對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查主要有:(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法;(2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè);(3)“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”結(jié)構(gòu)。高考對(duì)虛擬語氣的考查力度呈現(xiàn)出了上升趨勢(shì),含蓄條件句和特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣將是語法填空的一個(gè)考查重點(diǎn)。,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 一、考點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納 考點(diǎn)一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)和可能性 1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can可用于肯定句中表示客觀的(理論的)可能性,也可以表示“一時(shí)或暫時(shí)的”情況,而表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí),can一般不用于肯定句中。如: Accidents can happen on such rainy days. 這樣的多雨天氣可能會(huì)發(fā)生事故。(客觀的可能性) Peter may come with us tonight,but he isn’t sure yet. 彼得今晚可能來我們這兒,但他還沒確定。(實(shí)際可能性,不用can),2.表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性: (1)表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性的層次比較(見下表),(2)表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí),may,must常用于肯定句中,一般不用于否定句和疑問句中(may not表示“可能不”);can常用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中,表示疑惑、驚訝或不相信等意思;could既可用于肯定句中,又可用于否定句、疑問句中。如: This can’t/couldn’t be done by him. 這不可能是他干的。(表不相信) This may not be done by him. 這可能不是他干的。(表不確定),He could be on his way home now. 他現(xiàn)在可能在回家的路上。(could不如may/might常用) Can this be done by him? 這可能是他干的嗎?(表示疑惑、驚訝) I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep. 我沒聽見電話鈴響。當(dāng)時(shí)我一定睡著了。(表肯定) —Are you going to Jeff’s party? ——你要去參加杰弗的聚會(huì)嗎? —I’m not sure.I might go to the concert instead. ——我不確定。我可能去聽音樂會(huì)。(表不確定),(3)would, could, should, might并不一定與過去時(shí)間有關(guān),而表示可能性弱于它們相應(yīng)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式。如: This may/might be done by him. 這件事有可能是他干的。(語氣依次遞減) (4)should用來表示推測(cè)時(shí)意為“應(yīng)該”,即含有“按道理來說應(yīng)當(dāng)如此”的意思。,(5)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)要用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+現(xiàn)在分詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在高考題中出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)不太多,但也要引起注意。如: My mother must be watering the flowers in the garden now. 我媽媽現(xiàn)在肯定正在花園里澆花。 The students may be climbing the mountain at the moment. 此刻學(xué)生們可能正在登山。 3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟完成式表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)參見考點(diǎn)三。,考點(diǎn)二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示必要性 must常用來表示必要性,意為“必須”。表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)肀仨氉瞿呈掠谩癿ust+動(dòng)詞原形”;表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)聿槐刈瞿呈聲r(shí),用don’t have to do sth.或don't need to do sth.或needn’t do sth.;表示過去沒必要做某事時(shí),分為以下情況:①表示過去沒必要做某事,但事實(shí)上卻做了,用needn't have done sth.②表示過去沒必要做某事,而不涉及是否做,可用didn't have to do sth.或didn’t need to do sth.或It was not necessary to do sth.等。如:,You needn’t have worked that late last night.It was harmful to your health. 你昨晚不必工作到那么晚。那對(duì)你的身體沒好處。 —Did you work very late last night? ——你昨天晚上工作到很晚嗎? —No, I didn't. I didn't need to work very late. ——不是很晚。我沒必要工作到很晚。 should也可以表示必要性,意為“(義務(wù)上)應(yīng)該”。should表示必要性時(shí),在語氣上比must(必須)弱?!皊hould+動(dòng)詞原形”,表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)響?yīng)該做某事(的必要性);“should+have+過去分詞”,表示過去本該做某事(的必要性)。如:,I should go and visit him this afternoon, but I wonder if I will be free. 今天下午我應(yīng)該去看望他,但我不知道我是否有空。(表示將來的必要性) You should have come to the conference yesterday. What was the reason for your absence? 你昨天應(yīng)該參加那個(gè)會(huì)議。你缺席的原因是什么?(表示過去的必要性),考點(diǎn)三 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成式”表示推測(cè)、必要性等用法一覽,如:I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice now. 我快餓死了,現(xiàn)在我能吃兩碗米飯。(現(xiàn)在的能力) If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem. 如果你好好睡一覺,你將能夠解出這道題。(將來的能力) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 盡管這場(chǎng)大火迅速蔓延到了整個(gè)賓館,但是每個(gè)人都能夠逃出去。(過去有能力做并且成功地做了某事) I could have worked out the problem,but l didn’t. 我本來可以解決這個(gè)問題,但沒有解決。(過去有能力做但卻未做),2.表示請(qǐng)求、允許、允諾 當(dāng)對(duì)方是決策者時(shí),你代表你(們)自己(I,we),或代表第三者(he,she,they)向?qū)Ψ?you)請(qǐng)示或提出建議時(shí)用(shall常用于一、三人稱,will/would常用于第二人稱):①Shall/May(Might)/Can(Could)I/we.?②Shall he/she/they.?③Would/Will you.?如: Shall we begin our class? 我們可以開始上課嗎? Shall the driver wait outside? 司機(jī)在外邊等著可以嗎?,When shall my father be able to leave hospital? 我父親什么時(shí)候可以出院? Would you do me a favor?請(qǐng)幫我一下,好嗎? could/might/would/should表委婉的語氣。如: —Could/Might I use your bike tomorrow morning? ——明天上午我能用一下你的自行車嗎? —Yes,you can/may.(No,I'm afraid not.) ——行,你可以用。(不,恐怕不行。),不可說:Yes,you could/might.回答允許時(shí),用could/might表委婉是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹H纾?—Could I borrow your dictionary? ——我能借你的詞典嗎? —Yes,of course you can. ——是的,當(dāng)然可以。 當(dāng)你自己(Ⅰ)是決策者,給對(duì)方(you)或第三者(he,she,they)以命令、警告、允諾或威脅時(shí),要用shall。此外,當(dāng)頒布法律、規(guī)定時(shí),也要用shall。如:,You shall leave the room at once,and he also shall.(=I order you and him to leave the room at once.) 你馬上滾出去,他也一樣。(說話者的命令) It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 在所有試卷收上來之前,應(yīng)試者必須留在座位那里。(規(guī)則或規(guī)定),3.其他用法 (1)“can not but+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“不得不,只好”。如: I can not but choose to go. 我只好去。 (2)may well和may/might as well結(jié)構(gòu) ①“may well+動(dòng)詞原形”是一種常用結(jié)構(gòu),意為“完全能,很可能”,相當(dāng)于be very likely to。如: Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. 她的模樣變化太大,你很可能認(rèn)不出她了。,②“may/might as well+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好,滿可以,不如”。如: You may as well do it at once. 你最好馬上就做這件事。 cannot(或never等否定詞)與enough連用表示“再……也不為過”。如: You cannot be careful enough to cross the road. 過馬路時(shí)你怎么小心都不為過。 may可以用于祈使句中,表示祝愿。如: May you return in safety. 愿你平安歸來。,“Why/How+should”結(jié)構(gòu)表示說話人對(duì)某事不能理解、感到意外、驚異等,意為“竟會(huì)”。如: Why should you be so late today? 你今天怎么來得這么晚? How should I know? 我怎么會(huì)知道?(意為:我不知道。) must表示“偏要、硬要(做某事)”。如: Must you make so much noise? 你非得弄出這么多噪音嗎?,考點(diǎn)五 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常規(guī)用法 1.can和could(could為can的過去式)的基本用法 (1)表示能力; (2)在疑問句和否定句中表示“懷疑,猜測(cè)”或“可能性”; (3)表示“許可”時(shí)can可以和may換用; (4)如果要表示委婉的語氣,可用could代替can,這時(shí)could不再是can的過去式; (5)can和be able to都可表示能力。但是can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式,而be able to則有更多的形式;can表示有能力做某事,而be able to則表示通過努力,克服困難做成某事。,2.may和might(might為may的過去式)的基本用法 (1)表示允許或征詢對(duì)方許可,有“可以”之意。如:You may use my dictionary.在回答對(duì)方說“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”時(shí),一般不用may或may not,以避免語氣生硬,而是用比較婉轉(zhuǎn)的說法進(jìn)行回答。如:—May I use this dictionary?—Yes,please.或—I'm afraid not.在請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可時(shí),如果用Might I.就比用May I.語氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)些。如:Might I have a look at your new computer?但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”對(duì)方做某事時(shí),要用must not代替may not。如:—May I swim in this lake?—No,you mustn't. It's too dangerous.,(2)may和might都可以表示可能性,表示“或許,可能”之意, 如果用might表示可能性,則語氣更加不肯定。如:They may(might)be in the library now. 3.must的基本用法 (1)must表示“必須,應(yīng)該”之意,其否定式為must not,縮寫形式為mustn’t,表示“不準(zhǔn),不許可,禁止”之意。如:We must study hard and make progress every day./You mustn't touch the fire.,(2)對(duì)以must開頭的疑問句作否定回答時(shí),要用needn’t或don’t (doesn’t) have to,而不用mustn’t,因?yàn)閙ustn’t表示的是“禁止,不許可”之意。如:—Must we finish the work tomorrow?—No,you needn't(don’t have to),but you must finish it in three days. (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推測(cè),表示“一定,必定”之意。 如:—Whose new bike can it be? —It must be Liu Dong’s.His father just bought him a new one.,4.have to的基本用法 have to和must的意思相近,只是must側(cè)重表示說話人的主觀看法,而have to則表示客觀需要。如:I must study hard./I had to give it up because of illness. 5.ought to的基本用法 (1)表示義務(wù),意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”,語氣比should強(qiáng)。如:Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推測(cè),注意與must表示推測(cè)時(shí)的區(qū)別:He must be home by now.(斷定他已到家)/He ought to be home by now.(不十分肯定)/This is where the oil must be.(比較直率)/This is where the oil ought to be.(比較含蓄),(3)在美國英語中ought to用于否定句和疑問句時(shí)to可以省略。如:Ought you smoke so much?/You oughtn't smoke so much. 6.dare的基本用法 (1)dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主要用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。如:Dare he break the traffic regulations again? (2)在現(xiàn)代英語中dare常作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,其用法與其他實(shí)義動(dòng)詞相同。如:She dares to stay at home alone at night.,7.need的基本用法 (1)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主要用于否定句和疑問句和條件句中。如:He needn't worry about us now. (2)need也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句中,其后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。如:You need to practise reading aloud every day.,8.shall的基本用法 (1)shall用于第二、第三人稱時(shí),表示說話人的意愿,可表示命令、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅或允諾等。如:He shall go first,whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑問句中,shall用于第一、第三人稱,表示說話人征詢對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求指示。如:Shall I open the door? (3)在比較正式的書面語中,如法律條文中所規(guī)定的權(quán)利或義務(wù)往往用shall來表示。,典例示例 —What does the sign over there read? —No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area. 剖析:shall 答語所表達(dá)的是警告,故選shall。,9.should的基本用法 (1)should可以表示建議或勸告,表示“應(yīng)該”之意。如:You should learn from each other. (2)should可以用在條件狀語從句中,表示語氣較強(qiáng)的假設(shè),譯作“萬一,竟然”,這時(shí)也可將should置于從句之首,即將should放在主語前面,而省略if。如:If anyone should come(=Should anyone come),say I am not at home.萬一有人來訪,就說我不在家。 (3)should還可以表示謙遜、客氣、委婉之意,譯為“可……,倒……”。如:I should say that it would be better to try it again.我倒是認(rèn)為最好再試一試。,10.will的基本用法 (1)用于各種人稱,可以表示意志或決心。如:I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen. (2)在疑問句中,用于第二人稱,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問對(duì)方的意愿。如:Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,有“總是”或“總要”之意。如:Every morning he will have a walk along this river.,11.would的基本用法 (1)would作為will的過去式時(shí),可用于各種人稱,表示過去的意志或決心。如:He promised he would never smoke again. (2)在疑問句中,用于第二人稱,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問對(duì)方的意愿,語氣比will委婉。如:Would you like some more coffee? (3)在日常生活中,用“I would like to.”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意,以使語氣委婉。如:I would like to do Exercise 2 first.,(4)would可以表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,比used to正式,但沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。如:Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. (5)表猜測(cè)。如:It would be about ten when he left home./What would she be doing there?/I thought he would have told you about it.,12.used to,had better,would rather的基本用法 (1)used to表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不存在。 在間接引語中,其形式可以不變。如:He told us he used to play football when he was young.在疑問句、否定句、否定疑問句中,可有兩種形式。疑問句:Did you use to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother?否定句:I usedn’t to/didn’t use to go there.(usedn’t也可寫作usen’t)否定疑問句:Usen’t you to/Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre?在其反義疑問句或簡(jiǎn)略回答中,也有兩種形式。如:She used to be very fat,didn’t/use(d)n’t she?/—Used you to get up early in the morning?—Yes,I did/used to.,(2)had better意為“最好”,后接不帶to的不定式。如:—We had better go now.—Yes,we had(we’d better/we had better)./Hadn’t we better stop now?(Had we better not stop now?)/I think I'd better be going.(用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),表示“最好立即”)/You had better have done that.(用于完成時(shí)態(tài),表示未完成的動(dòng)作) had better對(duì)同輩或晚輩使用,對(duì)長輩不可用。,(3)would rather意為“寧愿”,表選擇,后接不帶to的不定式。如:I’d rather not say anything./Would you rather work on a farm?/—Wouldn’t you rather stay here?—No,I would not.I’d rather go there.would rather表選擇,其后可接than。如:I would rather work on a farm than in a factory./I would rather watch TV than go to see a film./I’d rather you didn't talk about this to any one.,二、方法技巧總結(jié) 方法一:語境分析法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞體現(xiàn)的是說話人的一種語氣,所以在解答此類問題時(shí),一定不能單憑翻譯,一定要注意說話者的語氣,結(jié)合具體的情境來進(jìn)行分析。并且要運(yùn)用已有的知識(shí),作出正確合理的判斷。如,表示請(qǐng)求許可時(shí),常分為三種情況:①can/could/may/might多與I連用。②would/will多與you連用。③shall多與第一、三人稱連用。,[典題示例] ①________ he come to see you? 剖析:Shall 從形式上看,這是一個(gè)問句,是對(duì)請(qǐng)求許可的考查,從人稱上看是第三人稱,所以用shall表提議。 ② (2010·四川改編)—________ I take the book out? —I'm afraid not. 剖析:May 句意:——“我可以將這本書帶出去嗎?”——“恐怕不行”。從句意可以看出,這是對(duì)“請(qǐng)求許可”的考查,用may符合句意。,提示:若表示推測(cè)又可分為幾種情況:can’t表示“不可能”;can用于疑問句時(shí)表示“……可能嗎?”;may/might用于肯定句,表示“可能”(語氣不強(qiáng)烈,而且有語境提示);may/might not表示“可能不”,也有語境提示;must用于肯定句,表示“一定”,語氣強(qiáng)烈;should用于肯定句,表示“排除特殊情況下按說/理應(yīng)該”;can用于肯定句時(shí),表示“客觀上理論上的可能性”,即理論上看是可能的,但實(shí)際未必發(fā)生,也可表示“一時(shí)或暫時(shí)的情況”;mustn’t不是表推測(cè)的用法,而是“禁止干某事”。,③It’s usually warm in my hometown in March,but it ______ be rather cold sometimes. 剖析:can 句意:三月份,我的家鄉(xiāng)通常比較溫暖,但有時(shí)也非常寒冷。本題考查can用在肯定句中表示“一時(shí)的或暫時(shí)的情況”。,方法二:正確把握某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法。 在有些情況下,可能用好幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都合理,但有些情況下,必須是唯一的。如:can not(never)+動(dòng)詞+too+adj./adv.,can not(never)+動(dòng)詞+(adj./adv.)+enough(再……也不為過);can't help doing(禁不住干……);can't help but do./can not but do(不得不做……);may/might well(很可能);may/might as well(還是……為好);How could it be.(怎么可能);Why/How should+(人稱代詞he,she.)+陳述句(表示說話人對(duì)某事感到意外);should表示“竟然”,must表示“硬要,一定要”。,[典題示例] ①M(fèi)y mother is a great cook and we ________ never get enough of her cookies. 剖析:can 句意:我媽媽是個(gè)很棒的廚師,我們永遠(yuǎn)吃不夠她做的餅干。can not/never與enough連用,表示“再……也不為過”。,②Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How________ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? 剖析:could 句意:布什先生干任何事情都很守時(shí),開幕式他遲到了,這怎么可能?How could it be.?“怎么可能……?”為常用搭配。若第二句改為How ________ he be late for the opening ceremony?就應(yīng)該選用should表示“竟然”。,虛擬語氣 一、考點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納 考點(diǎn)一 虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的應(yīng)用,If I had time, I would attend the meeting. 如果有時(shí)間,我就會(huì)參加會(huì)議。 If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. 如果我是你,我就該抓住這次出國的機(jī)會(huì)。 If I had taken your advice,I would not have failed in the exams. 如果我聽了你的勸告,我就不會(huì)考試不及格了。,If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting. 如果你明天來,我們就開會(huì)。 If it were to rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨,運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將會(huì)推遲。 If he should not come tomorrow,we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 如果他明天不來,我們就將會(huì)議推遲到下周一。,使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn): 1.在條件句中的省略 如果虛擬條件句中含有were,should,had三個(gè)詞,可將if省略,把這三個(gè)詞前置到主語之前,形成部分倒裝。如: If I were in your position,I would do the same. →Were I in your position,I would do the same. 如果我處于你的位置,我也會(huì)這樣做。,If you had come earlier,you would have met her. →Had you come earlier,you would have met her. 如果你早點(diǎn)來,你就會(huì)見到她了。 If he should come tomorrow,I would give him the dictionary. →Should he come tomorrow,I would give him the dictionary. 如果他明天來,我就把這本詞典給他。,2.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬句 當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),這種虛擬條件句稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬句。動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如: If you had taken the doctor’s advice,you would be better now. 如果你聽從了醫(yī)生的建議,你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好多了。 If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now. 如果你以前努力學(xué)習(xí),你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)生了。,3.含蓄條件句 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件句表示出來,而是暗含在上下文中,比如通過with,without,but for,otherwise,or等詞或短語來表示。如: What would you do with a million dollars?(=if you had a million dollars)你會(huì)用一百萬美元來干什么? We couldn’t have finished the work in time without your help.(=if we hadn’t got your help) 沒有你的幫助我們不會(huì)及時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。,I was so busy then.Otherwise,I would have told him the answer.(=If I had not been so busy then) 那時(shí)我是如此的忙。否則我會(huì)告訴他答案的。 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.(=If he had not telephoned to inform.) 他打電話告知我你的生日,否則我會(huì)對(duì)此一無所知。,考點(diǎn)二 虛擬語氣在其他從句中的應(yīng)用 1.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法 在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary,.)that.”句型中,that所引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),should可以省略,表示某事是“重要的”;“奇怪的”;“自然的”;“必要的”等。如:It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.重要的是每個(gè)成員都應(yīng)該知道這些規(guī)則。,2.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法 (1)虛擬語氣用在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中,表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)相反,或?qū)淼囊环N主觀愿望,從句通常省略連詞that。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)。如:I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道這個(gè)問題的答案。(可惜不知道);表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬:從句謂語動(dòng)詞常用“had+過去分詞”。如:I wish(wished) I hadn’t spent so much money.我后悔不該花那么多錢。,3.虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從句中的用法 在suggestion,demand,order,proposal,request,advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。如: We all agree to his suggestion that we(should)go to Dalian for sightseeing. 我們都同意他的建議,我們應(yīng)該去大連觀光。,4.虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法 (1)在even if/even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,主句和從句都用虛擬語氣,動(dòng)詞形式與含有非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語氣相同。如:Even if he had been ill,he would have gone to his office.即使生了病,他也要去辦公室。 (2)由as if/as though引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時(shí),從句謂語形式為動(dòng)詞的過去式(be動(dòng)詞的過去式一般用were)或“had+過去分詞”。如:He treated me as if I were a stranger.他那樣對(duì)待我,好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?,就好像她確實(shí)看過一樣。 提示:如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生,那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可用陳述語氣。,5.虛擬語氣在定語從句中的用法 在“It is time (that).”句型中,定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣表示將來的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)詞形式一般用過去式或should do (should不省略),意思是“該干某事了”。如:It’s (high) time we did our homework.我們(早)該做作業(yè)了。,6.虛擬語氣在簡(jiǎn)單句中的用法 (1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),表示說話人的謙虛、 客氣、禮貌或委婉的語氣,常見于日常會(huì)話中。如:It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好別太晚睡覺。 (2)用在一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中。如:I would rather not tell you.我寧愿不告訴你。 (3)用“may+動(dòng)詞原形”可表示“祝愿,但愿”,此時(shí)may需置于句首(多用于正式文體中)。如:May you be happy!祝你快樂! May good luck be yours!祝你順利!,二、方法技巧總結(jié) 方法一:體會(huì)時(shí)間概念,準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用虛擬語氣中條件句與主句的形式 在虛擬語氣中,有時(shí)主句與條件句表示的時(shí)間不一致,這時(shí)要分別對(duì)待,依據(jù)各自的時(shí)間,使用正確的形式。,[典題示例] If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we ________(be) there by now. 剖析:would be 句意:如果不是你穿衣服花了那么長時(shí)間的話,我們現(xiàn)在就到那里了。從句用了與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,而主句是與現(xiàn)在情況相反,這時(shí)主句應(yīng)該用would。,方法二:把握特殊動(dòng)詞,使用正確的表達(dá)方式 虛擬語氣常用在某些特殊動(dòng)詞后的名詞性從句中,常見的有insist, command, order, suggest, advise, propose, recommend, urge, require, request, demand。這些詞后的從句常用的虛擬語氣式是(should) do,同時(shí)也要注意這些動(dòng)詞的同根名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句中也要用(should do)表示虛擬語氣??吹骄涫絀t's time.,以及would rather后跟從句都要注意用正確的形式。但也要注意insist表示“堅(jiān)持說”,suggest表示“表明,暗示”時(shí),其后的從句不用虛擬語氣。,[典題示例] The order came that the medical supplies ________(send) to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon. 剖析:be sent 當(dāng)表示愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等意義的動(dòng)詞后面接從句時(shí),從句要用虛擬語氣,同時(shí)他們對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞后跟的同位語從句或表語從句也要用虛擬語氣。形式為should do, should可省略,句中that引導(dǎo)同位語從句修飾order,所以用(should) be sent, should可省略。,- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
- 2.下載的文檔,不會(huì)出現(xiàn)我們的網(wǎng)址水印。
- 3、該文檔所得收入(下載+內(nèi)容+預(yù)覽)歸上傳者、原創(chuàng)作者;如果您是本文檔原作者,請(qǐng)點(diǎn)此認(rèn)領(lǐng)!既往收益都?xì)w您。
下載文檔到電腦,查找使用更方便
14.9 積分
下載 |
- 配套講稿:
如PPT文件的首頁顯示word圖標(biāo),表示該P(yáng)PT已包含配套word講稿。雙擊word圖標(biāo)可打開word文檔。
- 特殊限制:
部分文檔作品中含有的國旗、國徽等圖片,僅作為作品整體效果示例展示,禁止商用。設(shè)計(jì)者僅對(duì)作品中獨(dú)創(chuàng)性部分享有著作權(quán)。
- 關(guān) 鍵 詞:
- 高考英語 語法專項(xiàng)突破 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣課件 外研版 高考 英語 語法 專項(xiàng) 突破 情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞 虛擬 語氣 課件
鏈接地址:http://kudomayuko.com/p-2247824.html