畢業(yè)論文-高層建筑外墻清洗機(jī)-升降機(jī)部分的設(shè)計(jì)(送全套CAD圖紙 資料打包)
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下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763高層建筑外墻清洗機(jī) ---升降機(jī)部分的設(shè)計(jì)摘 要:高層建筑外墻清洗機(jī)是一種投資小,成本低,安全可靠,工作效率高的機(jī)器。該機(jī)器分為兩部分,一部分是在大樓頂上的清洗機(jī)升降機(jī),清洗機(jī)升降機(jī)通過(guò)鋼絲繩,吊鉤帶動(dòng)另一部分,即清洗機(jī)附在高層建筑外墻壁上進(jìn)行清洗工作。高層建筑外墻清洗機(jī)工作時(shí),升降機(jī)的雙速電機(jī)啟動(dòng),通過(guò)鋼繩帶動(dòng)機(jī)架迅速上升,上升到預(yù)定位置,雙速電機(jī)停止并制動(dòng),調(diào)整好清洗機(jī)的位置后,解除制動(dòng),雙速電機(jī)反向啟動(dòng),機(jī)架則緩慢向下移動(dòng),與此同時(shí),機(jī)架頂部的噴淋水嘴噴水,各導(dǎo)軌上的刷具在各電機(jī)的帶動(dòng)下沿各自的導(dǎo)軌往復(fù)移動(dòng)的同時(shí)作旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng),洗清外墻上的污漬,使外墻干凈潔白美觀。關(guān)鍵詞: 高層建筑外墻清洗機(jī); 清洗機(jī)升降機(jī); 清洗機(jī)下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763The external walls of high-rise building washing machine ---part of the design lifts Abstract: The external walls of high-rise building cleaning machine is a small investment, low cost, safe, reliable, efficient machines. The machine is divided into two parts, is part of the building on top of the washing machine lifts, washing machines through the lift rope, hook driven another part, that is, washing machine attached to the external walls of high-rise building cleaning work. The external walls of high-rise building cleaning machines work, lift the two-speed motor launch, led by wire rope rack rising rapidly, up to the scheduled location, two-speed motor and braking to stop, adjust the location of washing machines, lifting brake, Reverse two-speed motor launch, the rack is slowly moving down at the same time, Shuizui rack at the top of the water spray, brush with the rails in the motor driven along the rails of their respective reciprocating At the same time moving to rotate, cleared on the external walls of the stains, clean the external walls of white beauty. Key words: the external walls of high-rise building cleaning machine; washing machine lifts; washing machine.下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763目錄摘 要………………………………………………………………………… 1Abstract…………………………………………………………………………2第一章 序言§1.1 清洗建筑表面的意義…………………………………………………3§1.2. 高層建筑外墻清洗方法介紹…………………………………………3§1.3. 高層外墻清洗機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介…………………………………………………5第二章 整機(jī)的工作原理和主要參數(shù)§2.1 工作原理………………………………………………………………7§2.2 主要參數(shù)………………………………………………………………7第三章 清洗機(jī)升降機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)§3.1 鋼絲繩的選擇……………………………………………………… 8§3.2 卷筒的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算………………………………………………………8§3.3 減速器的選擇…………………………………………………………11§3.4 滑輪的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………11§3.5 吊鉤的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………12§3.6 制動(dòng)器的選擇…………………………………………………………12§3.7 雙速電機(jī)的選擇………………………………………………………12§3.8 聯(lián)軸器的選擇…………………………………………………………13§3.9 腳輪的選擇……………………………………………………………13§3.10 傳動(dòng)零件的選擇及其校核………………………………………… 14§3.11 桿臂的設(shè)計(jì)及其強(qiáng)度校核………………………………………… 15§3.12 定位支撐桿的設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………… 17§3.13 控制電路的設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………… 18設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)及展望………………………………………………………………20參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………21翻譯部分………………………………………………………………………22下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763第一章 序言§1.1 清洗建筑表面的意義隨著人類社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展進(jìn)步,城市規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,城市建筑更加規(guī)范,完美。千姿百態(tài)的各式建筑,尤其是高層建筑外墻都用各種建筑材料進(jìn)行裝飾,如粘帖各色墻磚,瓷磚,馬賽克,或涂上涂料,但是,自然界的風(fēng)吹雨打,日光輻射,塵埃污染,以及一些人為或偶然事故等原因,一段時(shí)間過(guò)后,建筑表面都將不同程度地變得污濁灰暗,破舊不堪,在環(huán)境差的地區(qū),污染或損壞還相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重。建筑表面就像人身上的外衣,要保持清潔,就需要經(jīng)常清洗,整理。為此,世界發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和地區(qū),對(duì)保持建筑表面的清潔非常重視,并以法律的形式明確規(guī)定,每年必須定期清洗,否則將受到處罰。近年來(lái),我國(guó)各級(jí)政府部門的環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)已發(fā)生了很大改變,國(guó)內(nèi)一些大,中城市,特別是旅游,開(kāi)放城市,旅游景點(diǎn),為保持建筑表面清潔,也制定出臺(tái)了相應(yīng)的法規(guī),全國(guó)范圍的衛(wèi)生評(píng)比活動(dòng),把保持建筑表面清潔列為考核的重要指標(biāo)之一,其中高層建筑的外墻,醒目,突出,自然也就成為檢查的重中之重。下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763有信息表明,十·五期間國(guó)家用于環(huán)境保護(hù)的投資將由九·五期間國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值的 1.5%翻倍增加至 4%,同時(shí)還伴隨以產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的優(yōu)惠。所以,隨著我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的不斷深入,政府,公民的環(huán)保意識(shí)的不斷加強(qiáng),建筑表面清潔問(wèn)題必將引起各方面的高度重視,建筑清洗行業(yè)必然具有廣泛的發(fā)展前景,將產(chǎn)生巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益.建筑表面清洗主要包括外墻清洗和中央空調(diào)風(fēng)管的清洗,目前外墻清洗是采用傳統(tǒng)的“蜘蛛人 ”清洗,這是以犧牲生命為代價(jià)的非人工作,部分城市頒布了建筑表面清洗條例; 由于非典事件,公共衛(wèi)生得到了高度的重視,特別是中央空調(diào)風(fēng)管的清洗,最近有關(guān)中央空調(diào)的清洗條例很快出臺(tái);因此對(duì)于建筑表面清洗提供一個(gè)完備的解決方案,必然打破一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)格局,改變了人們的工作方式,用機(jī)器人清洗代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的人工清洗或無(wú)法清洗,是必然的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)?!?.2 高層建筑外墻清洗方法介紹保持城市建筑,尤其是高層建筑外墻清潔,必然要求開(kāi)發(fā)新型的清洗機(jī)械,尤其是能取代人對(duì)高層建筑外墻進(jìn)行自動(dòng)清洗的機(jī)械,以適應(yīng)新興行業(yè)的需要。高層建筑物外墻的清洗是一項(xiàng)十分復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,為了清洗時(shí)有針對(duì)性和保護(hù)建筑物,首先要分析污垢的成份和結(jié)構(gòu)及污染程度: 1 )高層建筑物外墻的污垢組成及建筑物的理化性質(zhì) 外墻的污垢一般分為三級(jí),一級(jí)比一級(jí)嚴(yán)重,一級(jí)是灰塵;二級(jí)是污漬;三級(jí)是污垢。通常所說(shuō)的污垢是三者的總稱。2)污漬 污漬由多種成分的灰塵和水的混和物,酸雨痕跡,菌類以及泥漿、染料等漬跡組成。在軟、硬表面上都粘染。建筑物是最大污漬粘染表面,故污漬一旦粘染不及時(shí)清除,就會(huì)常期頑固的留存,使建筑物表面受到嚴(yán)重的污染。 3)污垢 污垢有油基、水基之分。隨著人們生活水平的提高,工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展,污垢的種類越來(lái)越多,成分越來(lái)越復(fù)雜。污垢的質(zhì)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于灰塵和污漬。污垢不及時(shí)清洗干凈就會(huì)在建筑物表面留下永存印跡而且失去光采。除以上三種污垢外,對(duì)于金屬建材而言還有另外一種污垢形式,就是變色。這是金屬與水、空氣中的某些物質(zhì)發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)造成的如鐵銹、銅綠、金、銀、鋁的表面氧化變暗等??傊?,建筑物所存在的位置、環(huán)境不同,污垢的成分和污染程度亦有所不同,有的光滑(如釉面磚)、有的粗糙(如水涮石) 、有的易被酸堿腐蝕(如鋁合金門窗)、有的易被溶劑溶解(如丙酮可溶解化工涂料)。下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763由于外墻的介質(zhì)有所不同,所以在清洗外墻前要分析外墻的成分和理化性質(zhì)及污染程度。對(duì)此社會(huì)大多出現(xiàn)了人工、物理和化學(xué)的方法,分作簡(jiǎn)要介紹如下:1)人工清洗當(dāng)代大廈多為高層建筑,外墻面多用各種材質(zhì)的面磚裝飾。為保持大廈外表的清潔、美觀,應(yīng)定期對(duì)外墻進(jìn)行清洗。高層大廈玻璃幕墻和玻璃窗的外面,容易附著灰塵,需要經(jīng)常擦拭,以保持大廈美潔和室內(nèi)明亮。清洗大廈外墻和玻璃的外面,需要經(jīng)常擦拭,以保持大廈美潔和室內(nèi)明亮。清洗大廈外墻和玻璃的外面,需要在室外和高空中作業(yè)。高空玻璃擦拭法的工作大體如下:(1) 首先查看作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng),確定作業(yè)方案。重點(diǎn)查看屋頂狀況,確認(rèn)能否安裝吊籃、吊板;吊籃、吊板在屋頂移動(dòng)有無(wú)障礙;霓虹燈、廣告字牌等是否防礙作業(yè)等。(2)安裝運(yùn)載工具 ——吊籃或吊板。如大廈已安裝擦窗機(jī),則按規(guī)范進(jìn)行操作前的檢測(cè)。 (3) 準(zhǔn)備擦拭工具,包括水桶、清潔劑、毛滾、膠刮、毛巾以及備用輔助工具鏟刀、刮刀、溶劑等。 (4 ) 作業(yè)人員攜帶工具上吊籃或吊板。有些工具應(yīng)用松緊繩栓在吊籃或吊板上,以防一旦失手從高空落下傷人。在地面上設(shè)攔護(hù)繩和安全告示牌。(5) 作業(yè)方式為從上到下。每擦拭完一溜,整理工具、加清潔劑、橫向移動(dòng)吊籃或吊板,再繼續(xù)第二溜作業(yè)。 (6) 擦拭玻璃方法:檢查玻璃上有無(wú)粘著物等污跡,如有,先用刮刀等相應(yīng)輔助工具和溶劑除去。將毛滾浸入桶中,待清潔劑充分吸入后,用手輕輕捋一下(以不入下滴水為宜) ,均勻涂抹在玻璃上。涂抹時(shí),一般為由上往下滾,橫向移動(dòng),每趟滾跡要交叉相壓,以防漏涂。用膠刮將涂抹在玻璃上的清潔劑刮凈,操作時(shí)應(yīng)稍用力,將膠刮均勻按壓在玻璃上,由上至下慢慢刮動(dòng),一次刮凈一溜,用濕毛巾擦凈膠刮后,再橫向移動(dòng)刮另一溜。玻璃刮凈后,用毛巾將窗擦凈。確認(rèn)一次應(yīng)作業(yè)范圍的玻璃已擦拭完畢,滑動(dòng)吊籃或吊板,繼續(xù)往下作業(yè)。 (7) 全部作業(yè)完成后,收拾整理工具,撤去地面攔護(hù)繩和告示牌。并用步話機(jī)保持聯(lián)系。弄清屋頂狀況。確定水源、電源。由上可知此清洗方法為危險(xiǎn)作業(yè),勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度極大,而且所需大量勞動(dòng)人員,效率低。2)物理清洗法 主要是通過(guò)外力使污垢脫離建筑物的外墻,具體方法是用超聲波或水沖洗(或水噴淋),使污垢疏軟、剝離、融化,最后再用水沖洗干凈。該清洗方法對(duì)環(huán)境污染大,成本高,浪費(fèi)大量能源和資源。3)化學(xué)清洗法 化學(xué)清洗法是利用化學(xué)試劑對(duì)污垢進(jìn)行溶解、分離、降解等化學(xué)反應(yīng),使外墻去污。此清洗方法對(duì)環(huán)境污染程度高,對(duì)人的身體健康損傷大。下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763針對(duì)以上三個(gè)清洗方法的缺點(diǎn)與不足,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一種投資小,成本低,安全可靠,工作效率高的全自動(dòng)高層建筑外墻清機(jī)來(lái)解決以往的清洗常用用高空吊籃、吊板、升降臺(tái)等運(yùn)載工具,作業(yè)難度大,危險(xiǎn)性大。操作人員須經(jīng)嚴(yán)格體檢,嚴(yán)格培訓(xùn),嚴(yán)格遵守操作規(guī)范和安全規(guī)范,作業(yè)時(shí),屋頂和地面都要有人監(jiān)護(hù),而且難免工作人失手,從高空落下傷人。避免人員勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,作業(yè)安全保證性低,成本和代價(jià)花費(fèi)大。杜絕物理化學(xué)方法,污染嚴(yán)重,浪費(fèi)資源。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,對(duì)建筑表面保持清潔重視較早,對(duì)高層建筑外墻的清洗,已淘汰了用提升設(shè)備載人進(jìn)行的方法,開(kāi)發(fā)出許多代替清洗工人擦洗的機(jī)器人。中央電視臺(tái)曾在新聞聯(lián)播中報(bào)道了日本在這一領(lǐng)域的最新成果,是利用遙控?zé)釟馇驊业醪料礄C(jī)械來(lái)清洗高層建筑的外墻。用機(jī)械代替人工清洗高側(cè)建筑外墻面,一方面不用工人高空作業(yè),安全可靠:另一方面是原清潔工人簡(jiǎn)單卻繁重的擦洗動(dòng)作,改由機(jī)器完成,可大大提高清洗效率,降低清洗成本。先進(jìn)的清洗技術(shù),又進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了城市清洗行業(yè)的發(fā)展,為保證城市優(yōu)美的環(huán)境提供了技術(shù)保障。由此可見(jiàn),開(kāi)發(fā)代替人高空作業(yè)的清洗機(jī)械,是我國(guó)清洗技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展方向。§1.3 高層外墻清洗機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一種投資小,成本低,安全可靠,工作效率高的全自動(dòng)高層建筑外墻清機(jī)。該機(jī)器分兩部分,一部分是在大樓頂上的清洗機(jī)升降機(jī),清洗機(jī)升降機(jī)通過(guò)鋼絲繩,吊鉤帶動(dòng)另一部分,即清洗機(jī)附在高層建筑外墻壁上進(jìn)行清洗工作。全自動(dòng)高層建筑外墻清機(jī)工作時(shí),升降機(jī)的雙速電機(jī)啟動(dòng),通過(guò)鋼繩帶動(dòng)機(jī)架迅速上升,上升到預(yù)定位置,雙速電機(jī)停止并制動(dòng),調(diào)整好清洗機(jī)的位置后,解除制動(dòng),雙速電機(jī)反向啟動(dòng),機(jī)架則緩慢向下移動(dòng),與此同時(shí),機(jī)架頂部的噴淋水嘴噴水,各導(dǎo)軌上的刷具在各電機(jī)的帶動(dòng)下沿各自的導(dǎo)軌往復(fù)移動(dòng)的同時(shí)作旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng),洗清墻外上的污漬,使外墻干凈潔白美觀。本設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品改變了多年以來(lái)人工吊拉清洗或一根繩一塊板吊人清洗的高危作業(yè)現(xiàn)象,實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)電一體化。結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,操作方便,投資小,成本低,安全可靠,工作效率高。一小時(shí)大約可清洗墻面 600~800m 2。由于能力有限,設(shè)計(jì)中的錯(cuò)誤在所難免,請(qǐng)大家給予批評(píng)和指證,謝謝!下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763第二章 整機(jī)的工作原理和主要參數(shù)§2.1 工作原理清洗機(jī)包括機(jī)架,裝在機(jī)架頂部的噴淋水嘴,橫置于機(jī)架上的三根導(dǎo)軌,分別通過(guò)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)受減速電機(jī)帶動(dòng)的能沿導(dǎo)軌往復(fù)移動(dòng)的刷具。每根導(dǎo)軌上有通過(guò)位于導(dǎo)軌頂部的與導(dǎo)軌配合的導(dǎo)向輪沿導(dǎo)軌移動(dòng)的支座,沿導(dǎo)軌底部有齒條,傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)中與減速電機(jī)輸出軸上的主動(dòng)鏈輪,位于導(dǎo)軌底部與導(dǎo)軌上的齒條嚙合的齒輪軸,裝在齒輪軸伸出支座的一端的從動(dòng)鏈輪通過(guò)鏈條受主動(dòng)鏈輪帶動(dòng),刷具裝在刷具軸上,工作時(shí),打開(kāi)減速電機(jī),刷具軸帶動(dòng)刷具旋轉(zhuǎn)清洗墻面,與此同時(shí),刷具軸上的主動(dòng)鏈輪通過(guò)鏈條帶動(dòng)從動(dòng)鏈輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),從而齒輪軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),齒輪相對(duì)于導(dǎo)軌上的齒條轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)而帶動(dòng)支座沿導(dǎo)軌往復(fù)移動(dòng)。上述的控制器中有設(shè)置在每根導(dǎo)軌兩端上的行程開(kāi)關(guān)。清洗機(jī)升降機(jī)則包括雙速電機(jī),制動(dòng)器,渦輪蝸桿減速器,卷筒,提升桿臂,等構(gòu)件。工作開(kāi)始前,提升機(jī)在地面,清洗機(jī)升降機(jī)在大樓頂上。首先調(diào)整好升降機(jī)的位置并用支撐桿支撐到位,然后將吊鉤釋放到地面與清洗機(jī)連接好,啟動(dòng)雙速電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn),則清洗機(jī)快速上升到預(yù)定位置,停止雙速電機(jī),制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)防止清洗機(jī)在重力作用下自行下降。通過(guò)雙螺母調(diào)整提升桿臂的位置,使得清洗機(jī)靠近墻面,達(dá)到清洗刷毛貼住墻壁,保持在清洗過(guò)程中清洗刷對(duì)墻壁有一定的壓力。這時(shí),將大樓的自來(lái)水通過(guò)水管接到清洗機(jī)的機(jī)架頂部,做好準(zhǔn)備后就可以解除制動(dòng),反向啟動(dòng)雙速電機(jī)了,同時(shí)打開(kāi)水管。這樣,清洗機(jī)就開(kāi)始慢速下降清洗墻面了。當(dāng)清洗機(jī)走完一個(gè)上下來(lái)回時(shí),停止雙速電機(jī),則重新調(diào)整提升機(jī)的位置,接著清洗墻面?!?.2 主要參數(shù)雙速電機(jī)額定功率: 2.4KW、 1.5KW;雙速電機(jī)額定轉(zhuǎn)速: 1500r/min、 750/min;減速器傳動(dòng)比: 8卷筒轉(zhuǎn)速約: 186 r/min、 93 r/min、鋼絲繩上升速度約: 0.6m/s;鋼絲繩下降速度約: 0.3m/s;下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763第三章 清洗機(jī)提升機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)§3.1 鋼絲繩的選擇由于有兩根鋼絲繩同時(shí)吊著清洗機(jī),則我們?cè)谟?jì)算時(shí)取單根鋼絲所承受的最大拉力為總載荷的 66%。鋼絲繩的最小直徑: (d—鋼絲繩最小直徑,c—選擇系數(shù),s—鋼絲繩的d=cs最大工作靜拉力)。由文獻(xiàn)[2]8—12 頁(yè)得:提升機(jī)構(gòu)的工作級(jí)別為 A8,則 c=0.140,鋼絲繩的公稱抗拉強(qiáng)度為 1550mpa.=0.140× =5.28mm.d=cs2156%?我們暫時(shí)取 d=6mm.并選用鋼絲繩 6NAT1×6 SF1470 Z17.5 12.4 GB/T8918.即公稱直徑為 6mm,光面,合成纖維芯,公稱抗拉強(qiáng)度為 1470MPa,右向捻,最小破斷力為17.5KN,12。4Kg/100 的 MGB/T8918 類鋼絲。鋼絲繩的安全系數(shù),按文獻(xiàn)[2]中的第 14 式:Ks= = =8.9 [Ks]=6FeKs8.92017??驗(yàn)算所選的鋼絲繩合格。§3.2 卷筒的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 圖一:卷圖容繩尺寸參數(shù)下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 13041397631)卷筒節(jié)徑 D卷筒節(jié)徑應(yīng)滿足 D Ked,(Ke—與卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)工作級(jí)別有關(guān)的系數(shù),見(jiàn)文獻(xiàn)[2]表 9),?工作級(jí)別為 A8,那么Ke 21 6=126mm,取 D=150mm.則 D =144mm.??02) 卷筒容繩寬度 BtB 一般滿足 B 3D =3 144=442mm.t t?0?取 B =270mm.t3) 卷筒的邊緣直徑 DKD D +4d=210mm, 取 D =240mm.(其中 D 為卷筒邊緣直徑,D 為最外層鋼絲繩K?S KS繩心直徑。)D =D +(2S-1)d=144+7d=186mm.S04) 卷繞層數(shù) SS = =6,?dmkK20?6214??則取 S=4 層較合適。5)卷筒的容繩量 L第一層鋼絲繩繩心直徑 D =D +(2S -1)d;i0i第 i 層鋼絲繩長(zhǎng)度 L =i 3010])2()[1( ????dSdBit?卷筒繞繩量 L=L +L + … +L12s=??si1 3010])2()[( ????dSDdit?=80m解得 S =3.326i我們?nèi)?S=4 層,則 L=100.5132m.6) 卷筒厚度 σσ=1.5d=9mm下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763校核壓應(yīng)力:鋼絲繩繞出卷筒壁壓應(yīng)力 σ =0.5czetF?其中:σ —鋼絲繩繞出處的壓應(yīng)力c—卷筒壁厚?t —鋼絲繩軸向卷繞節(jié)距,t =1.01dz z則 σ = =35.58MPa.c601.892?彎曲應(yīng)力鋼絲繩出處卷筒壁局部彎曲應(yīng)力為=0.96 =7.04MPa.3096.??DFebe?3146.0892??許用應(yīng)力[ ]= = =80.36MPadncbk8.2415其中 為抗拉強(qiáng)度,K 按工作級(jí)別取作 1.40,K 為安全系數(shù),取作 2.8.b?C n強(qiáng)度條件為: + [ ] [ ]為材料的許用應(yīng)力c?be?d?d35.58+7.04 80.36 從而滿足要求。7)卷筒側(cè)板厚度暫時(shí)取為 9mm.8)卷筒速度卷筒的直徑按鋼絲繩出到一圈時(shí)計(jì)算,即 162mm,設(shè)卷筒轉(zhuǎn)速為 n,單位為 r/min.0.6= ??31062n解得 n=186r/min.9)鋼絲繩進(jìn)出滑輪允許偏轉(zhuǎn)角 D繩槽測(cè)標(biāo)的傾斜角 β β 取 20° β=20滑輪工作直徑 D1 D1=D+d=70+6=76mm D1=76mmK K= =20.22mm K=20.22mm)sin(2??dS下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763滑輪槽深 H H= =7.5mm H=7.5mm2)7085(?允許偏角 γ tgγ= γ=1.2°2.05391???tgKDt?γ=1.2°γPs,將首先減輕沖擊的影響。那么遮蓬前部將向下轉(zhuǎn)和平衡力 Q3將在遮蓬尾部產(chǎn)生。顯然,在這種情況下,在遮蓬尾部以上的頂板保持完整或者不能剪斷。聯(lián)合作用(Q+Q 3)的作用點(diǎn)移向Ⅱ區(qū)直到聯(lián)合作用(Q+Q 3)等于支護(hù)的反作用力 Ps。在相反條件下,平衡作用 Q3將在Ⅰ區(qū)產(chǎn)生。從這我們能看出這類支架的反作用力因此能形成在當(dāng)平衡力 Q3產(chǎn)生和作用在遮蓬的條件下。就是說(shuō),及時(shí)頂梁不能完全剪斷。根據(jù)以上提到的分析,現(xiàn)在考慮在下列不同的條件下:頂梁未知和支護(hù)阻力 Ps的反作用力等于 P+(立柱的屈服載荷) 。那么支護(hù)的反作用力可以按下式表達(dá):Q+Q 3=P s假設(shè) Ps=P +,那么 ()1AzBpx??g那么 X 在連接作用的位置(Q+Q 3)的作用將變?yōu)閤=P+(1-A)·z/B假設(shè)頂板作用力 Q 作用在 x1的位置,平衡作用力 x3(原因是在于連接點(diǎn)) ,然后可以得到下式:Q·x1+Q 3·x3=(Q+Q 3)·(p+(1-A)·z/B)和 Q3等于: 13 3()/xzBx???gQ頂板壓力 Q 的支護(hù)反作用力等于: 31()/)pAzPx??Q采用 來(lái)代表支護(hù)作用,這有下面因素的聯(lián)系:幾何參數(shù)的支持,也就是參數(shù)+/Pp,A,B,和 z;頂板壓力的作用位置 x1;及時(shí)支護(hù)的平衡力作用位置 x3。很明顯,越近,x 1的值靠近Ⅱ區(qū),支護(hù)效率就越高。有時(shí),x 3的值作為遮蓬和及時(shí)頂梁之間相互關(guān)系的順序。當(dāng) Q 作用位置 平衡力 Q3等于 0,支護(hù)效率 ,等于 1。(-)/pAzB? +Q/P圖 8 顯示,當(dāng)變量頂板壓力 Q 作用在 3 個(gè)不同的位置,遮蓬Ⅰ區(qū)的位置 x1和Ⅲ區(qū)下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763不同順序 x3,為了反抗頂梁壓力(Q) ,相應(yīng)的平衡力 Q3,和在Ⅲ區(qū)必須給出的不同的值。例如,當(dāng)頂板壓力作用在遮蓬尖端和等于 80t 如果 x3>37cm,那么沒(méi)有遮蓬作用力在遮蓬尾部形成。因?yàn)轫敯逑侣浒l(fā)生在面向遮蓬區(qū)變得不規(guī)則,因此為了遮蓬轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)遮蓬有 3 種操作條件:向下(10 ○ )和從 0○ 到 10○ 不同的角度。根據(jù)翟梨煤礦收集的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),遮蓬旋轉(zhuǎn)的操作條件,15 ○ ,對(duì)應(yīng) 11%。由于,頂板對(duì)頂板的作用位置是不同的,頂梁和掩護(hù)梁的角度是變化的。通過(guò)表1,我們可以看到方向變化的百分?jǐn)?shù)占 44.8%,意味著頂板壓力 Q 首先作用在Ⅰ區(qū)和平衡力 Q3形成在Ⅲ區(qū);最后,合力(Q+Q 3)作用位置將轉(zhuǎn)向Ⅱ區(qū)。在表 1 中負(fù)變量百分?jǐn)?shù)占 19.4%。相似的結(jié)果也可以從翟梨煤礦的 No.322 工作面區(qū)域測(cè)量得出,在表 2 和圖 9 中的顯示。顯然,頂板壓力作用在Ⅰ區(qū)或遮蓬的Ⅲ區(qū),如果合力作用(Q+Q 3)位置移動(dòng)到Ⅱ區(qū)。支架的操作條件是正常的。但是如果合力作用位置移到Ⅱ區(qū),和繼續(xù)向前或向后移動(dòng),支架將工作在非正常條件下。英文原文A STUDY OF THE INTERACTIONBETWEEN THE 2-LEG SHIELD SUPPORTAND THE ROOF STRATAINTRODUCTIONThe 2-leg shield powered support is shown in Fig.1.It is known that in order to asses the adaptability of a powered support normally there are two principles to be considered:下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763Fig.1 2-leg shield support EFFECTIVENESS OF ROOF CONTROL Obviously, shield support is much easier to prevent the broken rocks from falling into the working space, but it is much harder to prevent the broken rocks from falling into the face-to-canopy area. On the basis of the statistical data obtained from the Collieries Yang-Quan and Zhai-Li, the down-time leads to stop production due to falling roof in the face-to-canopy area is about 40-60% of the total down-time in the working face. Collapse of roof strata along the faceline is shown in Fig.2. That is to say, in a face installed with 2-leg shield powered support much more attention must be paid to the problem of immediate roof control, especially in the face-to-canopy area.EFFECT ON SUPPORT STRUCTURE UNDER THE ACTION OF ROOF PRESSURE Recent reports from some collieries reveal that 2-leg shield support has been broken under the action of roof pressure, especially at the joint of the canopy and the stabilizing cylinder as shown in Fig.3. It is evident that the supporting capacity of this type of support could not be considered as adequate to some such kind of roof conditions and must be improved.下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763Fig.2 Collapse of a longwall face at the facelineFig.3 Damage at the joint of the stabilizing cylinder and the canopy ANALYSIS OF LOADING CONDITION OF 2-LEG SHIELD SUPPOIRT The forces acting on the canopy of 2-leg shield support are: the roof pressure, the forces from the support legs, ram, hinge pin of the canopy and the caving shield, the surface friction between the canopy and the roof strata.Assuming that the surface friction and the force acting on the caving shield are not taken into account, the following formula can be obtained:2[(cosin)]bhxpbZPLz??????ggThe meanings of all the symbols used in this formula are illustrated in Fig.4a.Assuming that cos(in)/Ahb??gi/BLz??下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763then we can obtain the following formula.()AxpZzB??gIt can be seen that When P is increased to the yield load P+, the force thus in the ram would be distributed as shown in curve Z in the Fig.4b. In fact the ram has a yield load in push and pull. For example, for the shield support W.S.1.7,the yield load in push is equal to 67.7t and in pull 62.4t. So the curve of the force from the ram would be redistributed in the face as curve Z+, and the curve of force for the support legs would be redistributed as carve P shown in Fig.4b. Then the total load Ps for the whole support can be given as follows:, Assuming that W=0, then:1(cos/in)(icos)//sPhbZhLzbW????????ggsAZB?Thus, according to the position where the roof pressure acts on the canopy and refer the support performance to the load of the ram Z is equal to +Z, (the yield load of the leg ) and Ⅲ-CD zone, on which the load of ram is equal to –Z (the yield load of the ram in pull ).The load bearing characteristics of the support legs and the each zone of the canopy are shown as follows:Fig.4 Three working zones of support canopy Ⅰ zone Z=Z+.下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763.()zBxPZAp??gⅡ zone P=P+.()xpZPzB???g()sAzBpPx???gⅢ zone Z=-Z-()BxzPZAp??g()szx?Obviously, the resistances of Ⅰ zone and Ⅲ zone on the canopy are produced by the yield load of the ram. For example, if Z is equal to zero, the resistance of the support itself in zones Ⅰ and Ⅲ would loss and the resistance can be produced only when there exists some additional forces from the corresponding zones. In zone Ⅲ or Ⅰ. There exists a balance force produced by the roof strata. If the yield load of the ram is increased, obviously, the interval of the Ⅱ zone would become much wider, and the resistance on the zones Ⅰ and Ⅲ will be increased accordingly. There are shown in Fig.5.下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763Fig.5 Resistance Curve of different yield load of ramINTERACTION BETWEEN ROOF PRESSURE AND SUPPORT RESISTANCEIt is well- known that the roof pressure acting on the canopy of the support can be divided into two components, they are: Q1 produced by the immediate roof and Q2 by the main roof, as shown in Fig.6.As a general rule, the immediate roof can be considered as a discontinuous media (like a loose body) and there is a free face along the caving line. Load Q1 acts steadily on the supports. Load distribution on the canopy may be considered as uniform. Load Q2 from the main roof may be considered as a concentratedload which acts on the immediate roof and then acts on the canopy of the support. Based on the displacement measurement of roof strata it has been found that the main roof of the overlying strata can be considered as a structure formed by layers of rock blocks interlocking with one another, when the coal face advances, each block becomes to move forming a turning block. The displacement of the main roof is shown in Fig.7.Obviously, the acting position of the load from the main roof firstly depends on the stability condition of the blocks in the main roof. Q2 can act either in front or in the rear of the canopy. Secondly, it depends on the position where the immediate roof falls. If the front section of the immediate roof is fractured and falls into the working space, then the force from the main roof would act on the canopy. If the condition is opposite to this, then the force would act on the position in front of the canopy.Consequently, the roof pressure Q acting on the canopy can thus can be combined from those of Q1 and Q2.Fig.6 Roof Pressure Produced by the main roof and the immediate roof 下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763Fig.7 Displacement of the main roof When the pressure Q acts on zone Ⅰ and Q>Ps, the relief valve of the ram would firstly open ,then the front part of the canopy would turn downwards and the balance force Q3 would be produced in the rear part of the canopy must be kept intact or must not cave equal to the resistance force (Ps) of the support. In the opposite condition the balance force Q3 would be produced in zone Ⅰ.From this we can see that the resistance of this type support can thus be formed in the condition when the balance force Q3 occurs on the canopy. That is to say, the immediate roof must not cave at all.According to the analysis mentioned above, now consider that is under the different conditions: The roof is unbroken and the resistance of the support Ps is equal to P+ (the yield load of the legs). Then the resistance of the support can be expressed as follows:Q+Q 3=P sAssume Ps= P+, so that ()1AzBpx??gThen the acting position where the roof pressure Q acts would become x=P+(1- A)·z/BAssume that the acting position where the roof pressure Q acts is at x1, and the balance 下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763下載論文就送你全套 CAD 圖紙,Q 咨詢 414951605 或 1304139763force Q3 is x3 (the origin is in the hinge pin point), then the following formula is obtained:Q·x1+ Q3·x3=( Q+Q 3)· (p+(1-A)·z/B)The roof pressure Q which the support can resist is equal to:13 3()/xpzBAx???gThe roof pressure Q which the support can resist is equal to:31()/)pzBxP???gQTake to stand for the efficiency of the support, obviously, this has relation with the +/Pfollowing factors: the geometrical parameters of the support, i.e. parameters of the balance force (reaction) of the immediate roof x3. It is obvious that the nearer the value x1 approaches to zone Ⅱ, the higher the efficiency of the support would be. Something the value x3 can be represented as an index to stand for the interactive relation between the canopy and the immediate roof. When Q acts in the position , the balance force is equal (1-)/pAzB?3Qto zero, and the efficiency of support , is equal to 1.+/PFig.8 shows that when a variable roof pressure (Q) acts in three different positions (x1) in the zone Ⅰ of the canopy and with different index x3 in zone Ⅲ, in order to resist the roof pressure (Q), a corresponding balance reaction force Q3 with different values must be given in zone Ⅲ. For example, when the roof pressure is acting on the tip of the canopy and is equal to 80t if x3>37cm. then there would be no such balance force formed in the rear part of the canopy.Because roof fall occurs in the face-to-canopy area where the roof would become irregular, thus the canopy would have three kinds of operating condition for the canopy to swing: downwards (10○) and at an angle from 0○ to 10○. According to statistical data collected from Zhai-Li Colliery, the percentage of the operating of the operating conditions of the canopy swinging canopy in 15○,- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
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