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摘要
隨著環(huán)保意識的增強，人們對環(huán)境質(zhì)量的要求越來越高，對因惡臭所帶來的污染也更加敏感。惡臭物質(zhì)不僅可使人產(chǎn)生不快和厭惡感,而且許多惡臭物質(zhì)還危害著人們的健康甚至生命。我國的惡臭污染現(xiàn)象十分普遍，嚴重影響著環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量，所以控制和治理惡臭污染己經(jīng)刻不容緩。本文是針對我國惡臭污染的現(xiàn)狀，為了正確合適地處理硫化氫、硫醇類、硫醚類、氨、胺類、吲哚類、硝基化合物、烴類、醛類、脂肪酸類、酚類、酮類、酯類及有機鹵系衍生物等散發(fā)出來的惡臭氣味，而討論了經(jīng)濟、高效的脫除惡臭技術(shù)。其中生物滴濾池脫除惡臭氣體工藝具有工藝簡單，操作簡便，投資、運行和維護費用低廉，可有效減少環(huán)境污染等特點。
本設(shè)計主要是以生物滴濾池來處理某煉油廠所散發(fā)出14200 m3/h的惡臭氣體。首先濃度為300.0~400.0 mg/m3的惡臭氣體經(jīng)氣管在風(fēng)機的輸送下，然后調(diào)節(jié)閥門使氣體以0.49m/s的氣速進入生物滴濾池中。在生物滴濾池的微生物作用下，大部分的惡臭被微生物吸收、分解，因此14200 m3/h的惡臭氣體就能按地方氣體排放標準合格排放，從而達到去除惡臭污染的目的。
本文主要著重于對生物滴濾池的設(shè)計及設(shè)備的選取。首先，本文概述了惡臭氣體的控制現(xiàn)狀及生物凈化的原理；其次，本文詳細地講述了各種生物凈化工藝的原理和特點；再次，本文對14200 m3/h的惡臭氣體進行初步的計算，以確定后續(xù)設(shè)備的選擇；最后，本文根據(jù)上述的計算進行設(shè)備的選取和調(diào)試。
關(guān)鍵詞：生物滴濾池，惡臭廢氣，煉油廠污染，H2S
注：本設(shè)計題目來源于教師的企業(yè)科研項目，項目名稱為：深圳石化工業(yè)廢氣綜合治理。項目編號：2006074
Abstract
With the enhancement of environmental protection awareness, the people are more and more high to the environment quality request, due to the pollution brought about by the odor is also more sensitive. Not only the odor material may cause the human to produce not quick and tires of the malice, moreover many odor materials are also harming people's health and even their lives. Now odor pollution is widespread, having a serious impact on air quality, so it's no time to delay to control and treat odor pollution. This text is to aim at the present condition of odor pollution in our country, in order to dispose of sulfureted hydrogen, mercaptan, thioether, ammonia, amines, indole, nitro compounds, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, fatty acids, phenols, ketones, salts and organic halogen derivatives becomingly, discuss the technology of getting rid of odor pollution effectively. The technology of the biological-trickling filter removing odor pollution has bring extensive because of its simple technique and manipulation, the low cost of investment, operation and maintenance costs, reducing pollution effectively.
The design is aimed at dealing with 14200m3/h stench gas for biological-trickling filter, which come from of refinery. First of all, the concentration of 300.0~400.0mg/m3 stench gas is transmit by the trachea, and then adjust the gas valves to 0.49 m/s velocity of the gas into the biological-trickling filter. In the biological- trickling filter role of microorganisms, most of the stench gas was absorbed or decomposition, therefore 14200m3/h stench gas can be determined by the local gas emission standards for qualified emissions so as to achieve the purpose of odor pollution removal.
This paper is focused on designing of equipment selection about biological-trickling filter. At first, I will introduce the overview status of the control of stench gases and the principle of biofilter. The second, I will describe the principle and features about various of biological purification process. At last, I will pay preliminary calculations to 14200m3/h stench gas, so as to select the equipment. At the supplement, I based on the above calculation for selecting and debugging the equipment.
Key words：Biological-trickling filter，Odor pollution，Refinery，H2S