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開(kāi)題報(bào)告
學(xué)生姓名
學(xué) 號(hào)
專(zhuān) 業(yè)
數(shù)控加工與模具設(shè)計(jì)
指導(dǎo)教師
姓名
職 稱(chēng)
所在系部
機(jī)電工程系
課題來(lái)源
自擬課題
課題性質(zhì)
工程技術(shù)研究
課題名稱(chēng)
環(huán)型塑料件注射模設(shè)計(jì)
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容和意義?
1.主要內(nèi)容:
(1)編寫(xiě)模具技術(shù)要求、訂料表;
(2)使用PRO/E軟件進(jìn)行模具型芯和型腔的分模,完成模具的2D總裝圖和若干零件圖的繪制。掌握流道平衡設(shè)計(jì)。
(3)掌握塑料的使用性能和用途。完成與模具相關(guān)資料的外文翻譯。
(4)掌握模具鋼的使用情況,了解企業(yè)的模具設(shè)計(jì)流程和制造情況。掌握新軟件使用和模具加工的新工藝。
(5)利用模具分析進(jìn)行熔體模擬流動(dòng)分析,優(yōu)化模具設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。
2.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的意義:
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是在教師的指導(dǎo)下,運(yùn)用已學(xué)的知識(shí)、獨(dú)立進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究活動(dòng),學(xué)會(huì)分析和解決學(xué)術(shù)問(wèn)題的方法,鍛煉解決某一學(xué)術(shù)問(wèn)題的能力。是對(duì)我們的知識(shí)能力進(jìn)行一次全面的考核,同時(shí)也是對(duì)我們進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究基本功的訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)獨(dú)立地分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力,為以后工作打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。
進(jìn)行畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)我們進(jìn)行最后一次知識(shí)的全面檢驗(yàn),是對(duì)我們基本知識(shí)、基本理論和基本技能掌握與提高程度的一次總測(cè)試,這是進(jìn)行畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的第一個(gè)目的。我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)期間,已經(jīng)按照學(xué)校的規(guī)定,學(xué)完了公共課、基礎(chǔ)課、專(zhuān)業(yè)課以及選修課等,每門(mén)課程也都經(jīng)過(guò)了考試或考查。學(xué)習(xí)期間的這種考核是單科進(jìn)行,主要是考查我們對(duì)本門(mén)學(xué)科所學(xué)知識(shí)的記憶程度和理解程度。但畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)則不同,它不是單一地對(duì)我們進(jìn)行某一學(xué)科已學(xué)知識(shí)的考核,而是著重考查我們運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)對(duì)某一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討和研究的能力,是培養(yǎng)我們綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論、專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)、基本技能,研究和解決問(wèn)題的能力。是讓我們對(duì)四年所學(xué)知識(shí)和技能進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化、綜合化運(yùn)用、總結(jié)和深化的過(guò)程。通過(guò)這個(gè)過(guò)程,鍛煉了我們的思維能力、動(dòng)手能力,并加深了我們掌握知識(shí)的深度
模具做為工業(yè)之母,其重要性無(wú)需多言,包括我國(guó)在內(nèi)的眾多國(guó)家都將其單列出來(lái)作為一個(gè)大的行業(yè),而隨著塑料制品的大規(guī)模應(yīng)用,塑料注射模具更在這一行業(yè)中占了很大的比例。但很可惜的是,由于歷史的原因,我過(guò)在這一行業(yè),與西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家之間有著很大的差距,但這種差距并非不可彌補(bǔ)的,做為21世紀(jì)的國(guó)家青年,從大一開(kāi)始,我就決定為此而努力,所以現(xiàn)在,我理所當(dāng)然的選擇了注射模具畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)這
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容和意義?
文獻(xiàn)綜述
一課題。
我這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的課題具體說(shuō)是手柄塑料件注射模設(shè)計(jì),手柄屬于日用品產(chǎn)品,具有復(fù)雜的曲面,要求有良好的外觀(guān)質(zhì)量。因此,分型面,澆口的位置要選擇適當(dāng),需要借助PRO/E軟件進(jìn)行分模設(shè)計(jì),并完成模具的2D總裝圖和若干零件圖的繪制。這些實(shí)踐將對(duì)我今后的工作益處甚多。
在大學(xué)期間,我努力學(xué)習(xí)本專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí),打下良好的理論基礎(chǔ),并能堅(jiān)持很好地全部閱讀指導(dǎo)教師指定的參考資料、文獻(xiàn),并閱讀了較多的自選資料和較多的外文資料,積極開(kāi)展調(diào)研論證,此外,還充分利用課余時(shí)間,系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)moldflow,Mastercam,pro/E等軟件,但這些還是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)踐的檢驗(yàn),一切都是紙上談兵。只有通過(guò)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),才能更深切的理解,更靈活的運(yùn)用這些專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)。至于那些軟件,也只有通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的反復(fù)運(yùn)用,才能熟練運(yùn)用。
通過(guò)本次設(shè)計(jì),應(yīng)使我在下述基本能力上得到培養(yǎng)和鍛煉:
① 塑料制品的設(shè)計(jì)及成型工藝的選擇;
② 一般塑料制品成型模具的設(shè)計(jì)能力;
③ 塑料制品的質(zhì)量分析及工藝改進(jìn)、塑料模具結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)的能力;
④ 了解模具設(shè)計(jì)的常用商業(yè)軟件以及同實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)合。
在本次手柄模具設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中,我可以隨時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在每一步設(shè)計(jì)中的不合理處,會(huì)找出各種解決方案讓設(shè)計(jì)趨于合理,同時(shí)掌握了最先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì),加工及分析技術(shù),提高了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和創(chuàng)新能力,使畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)真正成為了實(shí)際工作前的一次全過(guò)程模擬。
由于模具成型方式具有生產(chǎn)效率高,產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定,可節(jié)約材料及生產(chǎn)成本低等特點(diǎn),發(fā)展模具工業(yè)已成為當(dāng)代促進(jìn)塑料制品及機(jī)電產(chǎn)品優(yōu)質(zhì)廉價(jià)生產(chǎn)的重要手段。隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展和模具使用的日益廣泛,模具工業(yè)己成為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的基礎(chǔ),被稱(chēng)為“工業(yè)之母”。模具技術(shù)已成為衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家產(chǎn)品制造水平高低的重要標(biāo)志,它決定著產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、效益和新產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)能力。工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)模具工業(yè)極為重視,早在50年代就已使模具擺脫了依附和從屬的地位,使之成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的工業(yè)部門(mén)。從工業(yè)產(chǎn)值對(duì)比來(lái)看,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的模具總產(chǎn)值早己超過(guò)了機(jī)床的總產(chǎn)值。如日本,1987年模具總產(chǎn)值為124億美元,而機(jī)床總產(chǎn)值為102億美元:1991年前者為131億美元,后者為120億美元。我 國(guó)模 具 設(shè)計(jì)制造水平在總體上要比德、美、日、法、意等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家落后許多。 其主要原因是:一方面我國(guó)塑料模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造大多數(shù)仍依賴(lài)于設(shè)計(jì)人員的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和工藝人員的技巧,先進(jìn)的模具CAD/CAE/CAM 軟件的應(yīng)用不夠廣泛,技術(shù)不成熟;而在歐美,模具CAD/CAE/CAM已成為模具企業(yè)普遍采用的技術(shù),該技術(shù)已較成熟;另一方面,我國(guó)塑料模具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度和應(yīng)用水平與國(guó)外工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比存在著較大差距,塑料模具零件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、專(zhuān)業(yè)化程度和商品化水平亦較低。
塑料制品的使用越來(lái)越泛,在很多方面,它己成為金屬制品的替代物。塑料模具
文獻(xiàn)綜述
作為成型方式中的一種,是家用電器、汽車(chē)和航空航天等領(lǐng)域中塑料制品的重要生產(chǎn)工具。并且隨著 塑 料 工業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,人們對(duì)塑料制品的質(zhì)量要求越來(lái)越高,外形在滿(mǎn)足性能要求的同時(shí)也變得越來(lái)越復(fù)雜,而且產(chǎn)品品種多、更新快、價(jià)格低,市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)劇烈。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì), 日本一萬(wàn)多家模具企業(yè)中,生產(chǎn)塑料模具的就占40%;韓國(guó)模具專(zhuān)業(yè)廠(chǎng)中生產(chǎn)塑料模的占43%。。塑料模具是塑料產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)中至關(guān)重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),也是批量產(chǎn)品得以投放市場(chǎng)的先決條件。在塑料模具中,由于注塑模具能夠一次成型形狀復(fù)雜、尺寸精確的制品,適用于高效率、大批量的自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)方式,使其在塑料模中的占用量超過(guò)了50%以上,是塑料制品成型的主要方法。因此,為了適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)塑料模具的交貨期短、質(zhì)量好、價(jià)格低的要求,模具制造行業(yè)就必須以最快的速度、最低的成本、最高的質(zhì)量生產(chǎn)出塑料模具來(lái)。
在今天這樣激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境中,客戶(hù)對(duì)縮短注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)和制造周期的要求日益迫切??s短模具設(shè)計(jì)和制造周期,成了模具企業(yè)間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)取勝的重要因素之一。與模具成型零件變化多樣相比,模具基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用零部件的變化要少得多。設(shè)計(jì)中相當(dāng)一部分時(shí)間花在結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)似的零部件設(shè)計(jì)和繪圖上??梢?jiàn),縮短這些常用零部件的設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間,能極大地提高模具設(shè)計(jì)的效率和縮短模具的交貨期。因此,對(duì)引進(jìn)CAD/CAE/CAM系統(tǒng),進(jìn)行本地化、用戶(hù)化的二次開(kāi)發(fā)具有重要的實(shí)際意義。通過(guò)建立必要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架庫(kù),充分地發(fā)揮計(jì)算機(jī)和CAD軟件的功能,才能達(dá)到縮短模具設(shè)計(jì)周期,提高模具設(shè)計(jì)水平的目的,使科學(xué)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)實(shí)在在的生產(chǎn)力。
模具CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)是改造傳統(tǒng)模具生產(chǎn)方式的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),是一項(xiàng)高科技、高效益的系統(tǒng)工程。塑料模CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)能顯著縮短模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造周期,降低生產(chǎn)成本,提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,塑料模CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)的重要性正逐漸被模具界所認(rèn)識(shí),其中注塑模具應(yīng)用軟件的發(fā)展引人注目。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),在國(guó)外,注射模采用CAD技術(shù)的比例約占所有不同模具CAD技術(shù)的75% ,在我國(guó),注射模CAD技術(shù)也在不斷地應(yīng)用和推廣中。
國(guó)外注射模CAD技術(shù)發(fā)展很快,從70年代起,注射模CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)就成為熱門(mén)的研究課題,注塑流動(dòng)模擬和冷卻分析軟件中比較突出的有美國(guó)AC-Tech公司的C-MOLD軟件、澳大利亞Moldflow公司的MOLDFLOW軟件:三維模具CAD/CAE/CAM集成軟件中比較突出的有美國(guó)PTC公司的Pro/E軟件、美國(guó)UGS公司的UG軟件、法國(guó)達(dá)索公司的CATA軟件等等。我國(guó)在開(kāi)發(fā)注射模CAD技術(shù)上起步較晚,但經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的努力,一些 大學(xué)和研究所已有長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步,并取得了一批科研成果。
通過(guò)引入國(guó)外先進(jìn)的CAD/CAE/CAM軟件,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)其進(jìn)行消化吸收與進(jìn)一步的二次開(kāi)發(fā),實(shí)踐證明是提高我國(guó)制造業(yè)水平的有效途徑之一。利用CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)來(lái)改造注塑模傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)制造方法,可以明顯提高模具設(shè)計(jì)效率
文獻(xiàn)綜述
研究?jī)?nèi)容
率和質(zhì)量,縮短模具制造周期,能盡快縮小國(guó)內(nèi)模具水平與國(guó)外的差距。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)一,采用模具CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)進(jìn)行模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造,設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間縮短了50%,制造時(shí)間縮短了30%,模具成本下降了10%。由于模具設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量提高,可靠性增強(qiáng),零件加工精度得到保證,模具裝配與返修時(shí)間能大幅度地縮短
參考文獻(xiàn)
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[8]B.H.Lee,B.H.Kim.Optimization of part wall thicknesses to reduce warpage of injection一molded parts based on the modified complex method[J].Polymor-plastics technology engineering,1995,34(5):793
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[10]B.H.Lee,B.H.Kim.Automated selection of gate location based on desired quality of injection-molded part[J].Polymer-plastics technology engineering,1996,35(2):253
[11]B.H.Lee,B.H.Kim.Variation of part wal1 thicknesses to reduce warpage of injection-molded part:robust design against process variability[J].Polymer-plastics technology engineering,1997,36(5):791
1.設(shè)計(jì)、研究思路:
本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)分以下步驟進(jìn)行;
(a)認(rèn)真跟老師溝通,了解所要設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品;
(b)復(fù)習(xí)以前學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí),理順設(shè)計(jì)的大概思路;
(c)查閱大量資料,細(xì)致化自己的思路;
(d)查閱網(wǎng)上最新資料,開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋,看能不能走出自己的路;
(e)跟老師溝通,看有無(wú)出錯(cuò);
(f)熟悉各類(lèi)軟件,如AutoCAD,PRO/E 等;
(g)完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的一系列任務(wù);
2.課題研究的主要內(nèi)容:
圖1.1為環(huán)形塑料件零件圖,零件雖小,但有著復(fù)雜的外形和側(cè)抽芯結(jié)構(gòu),在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中應(yīng)該從產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和模具的制造加工工藝出發(fā)盡量簡(jiǎn)化模具的結(jié)構(gòu)。
手柄厚度為4 mm和3mm,最大直徑、高度分別為40,28mm,要求塑件表面
研究?jī)?nèi)容
面美觀(guān)、光潔、無(wú)明顯熔接痕、銀絲和流痕,同時(shí)不產(chǎn)生明顯的翹曲變形
。該塑件材料為PP,收縮率為1.6%。由于零件的外形尺寸很小,不是大批量生產(chǎn),故采用一模一腔成型。為避免分模的接合痕跡留在塑件的表面而影響外觀(guān),模具的分型面設(shè)置在頂面的下曲面。對(duì)于孔的截面與分模方向相垂直的,一般采取碰穿的方式。由于塑件的下部的側(cè)面存在側(cè)孔,必須采用側(cè)向抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
3.解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題
本塑件主要有兩個(gè)曲面結(jié)構(gòu),一個(gè)加強(qiáng)筋,及帶有側(cè)孔的中空四棱柱組成。且相應(yīng)部位有倒角。有可能遇到的主要問(wèn)題:
1)確定型腔的數(shù)目;
2)確定澆注系統(tǒng);
3)型腔的布置;
4)選擇分型面;
5)側(cè)孔的成型;
6)確定脫模方式;
7)確定開(kāi)模方向;
8)塑料充模的流動(dòng)分析。
這些問(wèn)題都是設(shè)計(jì)該模具的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題,在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,本人將通過(guò)查閱有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料來(lái)解決。
4.預(yù)期成果
(1)該塑料件模具技術(shù)要求一份、訂料表文件一份;
(2)開(kāi)題報(bào)告一份、外文翻譯資料一份;
(3)2D裝配圖一份和零件圖若干份;
(4)畢業(yè)論文一份;
研究計(jì)劃
第一周 調(diào)研、圖書(shū)館查找與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)資料;
第二周 熟悉模具設(shè)計(jì)方法和現(xiàn)代模具加工技術(shù);
第三周 撰寫(xiě)開(kāi)題報(bào)告;
第四周 英文文獻(xiàn)資料的翻譯;
第五周 熟悉CAD及PRO/E軟件的使用;
第六周 模具結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定和設(shè)計(jì);
第七周 開(kāi)模3D圖完成;
第八周 模具技術(shù)要求、訂料表的完成;
第九周 2D總裝圖的繪制及修改;
第十周 若干零件圖的繪制及修改;
第十一周 完成熔體模擬流動(dòng)分析,優(yōu)化模具設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu);
第十二周 畢業(yè)答辯
特色與創(chuàng)新
隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,模具CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用日趨成熟,模具CAD/CAM技術(shù)日益深入人心,并且發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用。因此,對(duì)于大型復(fù)雜的模具設(shè)計(jì)是必不可少的技術(shù)。
在本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),本人將全部應(yīng)用CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)與制造模具。在模具設(shè)計(jì)方面,應(yīng)用PRO/E軟件對(duì)模具型芯和型腔進(jìn)行3D分模,并完成三維模具總裝圖;使用MOLDFLOW軟件對(duì)注射成型過(guò)程進(jìn)行了3D數(shù)值模擬,從而優(yōu)化了模具結(jié)構(gòu)。由于學(xué)習(xí)該軟件需要一定的塑件成型實(shí)踐知識(shí),在使用上要多查閱這方面的資料。
指導(dǎo)教師
意 見(jiàn)
指導(dǎo)教師簽名:
年 1 月 21 日
教研室意見(jiàn)
主任簽名:
年 1 月 22日
學(xué)院(系部)意見(jiàn)
教學(xué)院長(zhǎng)(主任)簽名:
年 1 月 23日
Design development process and injection molding mold
Mold is a basic industry of the national economy, is an important foundation for technology and equipment manufacturing industry, with the continuous social society, the economy continues to develop a variety of goods are constantly produced, which produce most of the goods are dependent on diversification of the mold. Machinery, electronics, automotive, petrochemical, construction of the development of the five pillar industries of the national economy also requires the development of mold industry with suitable. Important role in the manufacturing sector has mold, making the mold manufacturing capacity and technical level has become an important indicator to measure the level of national manufacturing and innovation ability. In recent years, with the improvement of mold manufacturing capacity, making the mold with high precision, long life, high productivity, cavity shape and mold complex structure.
Mould technology is a very complex subject, one subject in recent years of rapid development. The pieces of paper in a ring of plastic injection mold, for example, strive to reflect the learning of new knowledge and practicality, combined with the development of mold technology in recent years, reflecting the emphasis on advanced technology. In the mold design, detailing the structure of the mold composition, structural features, working principle, design elements, used in the production of molding equipment, mold material and heat treatment requirements, and the deputy dies molding process. Since the production of plastic molding, injection molding most widely used, but the most complex structure of the mold.
The pieces of paper in a ring of plastic injection mold, for example, the basic structure of the injection molding and injection machines, and gating system design choices parting surface, forming component design, structural component design, the introduction of mechanism design, side parting and Pulling mechanism design and temperature control systems were highlighted. The design uses Auto / CAD software for the major parts and assembly drawings to draw, although the structure of the mold has some rational sensibility and understanding, also had the time and appropriate curriculum design, but due to lack of experience in the graduation the design process encountered many difficulties, but through the guidance of the teacher patience and detailed access to information, as well as students discuss and solve a lot of problems. I believe this design can meet the design requirements, to complete the actual task.
Quality and productivity level of relations with the plastic mold plastic products, technology is very close. Structure of the mold, precision cavity, surface roughness, sub-surface location, stripping the way a great impact on the dimensional accuracy of plastic parts, shape and position accuracy, visual quality. Temperature control of the mold, filling speed, gate location, the size of the exhaust ducts within the molecular orientation of plastic parts, such as crystal morphology and mechanical properties of condensed matter structures determined by their residual stress level, optical, and electrical properties of bubbles, depression and other product defects and important relationship.
Mold release mechanism and pulling mechanism drive mode, the action all models, velocity, cooling forming an efficient and decisive impact on speed. From the manufacturing point of view of the mold, mold parts require durable, it's a good process performance, reasonable selection, easy to manufacture and low cost. Because mold manufacturing costs are very expensive, it costs a great impact on the price of the product.
In summary it can be seen: the requirement for a pair of mold are many, in a variety of manufacturing industries, people on all aspects of these in-depth and comprehensive research, production and the level of the mold to make very rapid, high efficiency automation, large, sophisticated, long-life mold growing proportion of total production in the mold. From mold design and manufacture both in terms of the development trend of the mold can be summarized as the following aspects:
(1) high-speed, efficient automation mold plastic mold basically can now automatically prolapse products, automatic prolapse gating system, automatic fall, large product or products are not automatically fall robot manipulator or remove products, on another side of the draw core or multi-threaded products Pulling or automatically using a threaded screw core structure of the automatic side.
(2) high-precision injection molds can output high-precision plastic parts depends mold, machinery, raw materials, technology, the environment of the five factors, only when high precision molding machinery, process stability, the environment remains unchanged, small fluctuations in raw material shrinkage , especially when high precision molds can produce high-precision plastic parts.
(3) With the growing large plastic mold plastics applications in construction, machinery, automobiles, equipment, instruments, household appliances with a number of large plastic products, such as washing machine drum, large crates, and even automobile body, This requires a corresponding large molds, especially injection mold. Large injection mold logistics processes long, elastic deformation, self-important, and therefore its design, installation and use have special.
(4) computer technology and the perfect combination of mold tooling technology computer-aided design (CAD), aided engineering (CAE) is a 1970s developed rapidly in the 1980s, has entered the practical, allowing designers to improve the quality, design a lot faster times.
(5) The design of the new mold plastic mold manufacturing technology progress than the cavity of the most difficult, especially complex shaped cavity machining. To shorten the molding cycle, improve the precision molds, reducing the amount of manual fitter, etc., using a variety of coordinate machine, copying machine, light control machine tools and CNC machine tools. The other is the recent development of computer-aided manufacturing mold manufacturing technology has made a breakthrough, which uses a computer program to control digital machine tool and workpiece trajectory and processing procedures to complete the processing of the mold cavity.
(6) Research simple molding process in a timely manner in order to update the varieties of products, reduce costs and adapt to the requirements of small batch production, conducted research simple molding processes. Although the accuracy of these die poor, life is not long, but very short molding cycle, low cost, a certain scope.
(7) In recent years, the standardization of mold mold standardization work has been much progress, basically installed for all major types of mold standard parts. There are standard plastic parts in plastic molds, plastic injection molding parts technical conditions, standard plastic injection mold mold, plastic injection mold technology conditions, which include parts of the standard templates, pads, push rod, guide posts, more than ten kinds of parts .
(8) the development of special plastic mold, such as forming gas continuous development of new technology and the emergence of assisted injection mold, injection mold products bow bubble, reaction injection molding mold, multi-multi-cavity injection molds, injection molds and multicolor low foam extrusion head, multi-layer composite nose and so on.
Besides using the mold manufacture special molds for steel, using a special surface treatment technologies such as ion implantation, physical vapor deposition, sputtering, plating, etc. to improve the life of mold. Surface pattern processing of new technology can improve the appearance of quality plastic parts.
The molded piece shape is relatively simple, is an annular cylindrical member, a side wall of the through hole of 8mm diameter, i.e., to be set and the mandrel pulling mechanism, small size, uniform thickness. Sidewall wall thickness 4mm, an intermediate cylindrical wall thickness of 3mm. In addition, the plastic parts of the raw material is ABS, which is a yellowish, odorless, non-toxic polyethylene plastic look like, but lighter and more transparent than polyethylene. Anti density of 1.02 ~ 1.05g / cm3. It does not absorb water, shiny and easy coloring. Yield strength, tensile strength, compressive strength and hardness and elasticity is better than polyethylene. After oriented polypropylene hinges can be made with special high resistance to flexural fatigue strength oblique. ABS melting point of 164 ~ 170 ℃, heat resistance, and can be sterilized at temperatures above 100 ℃. Good high-frequency insulation performance, because they do not absorb water, insulation performance is not affected by temperature, but under the influence of oxygen, heat, light, easily depolymerization, aging, so will shun join anti-aging agent. Mold shrinkage range, prone to shrinkage, dents and deformation, heat capacity, injection mold must be designed to be able to move sufficiently cold loop, forming a suitable mold temperature is about 80 ℃, not lower than 50 ℃, otherwise it will cause molding plastic surface gloss differential or produce seams and other defects. Overheating will warp phenomenon. Plastic good liquidity, should be adopted in the process temperature and high pressure injection method, reduce stress, improve transparency. In mold design and manufacture, to minimize the dawn injection system flow resistance, stripping slope should be appropriate agency force should be balanced smooth launch, the mold cavity surface roughness smaller, attention, exhaust, etc.
The upper side of the plastic member has a through-hole, the lower side of a concave-convex, so that it need to use the upper side of the core with the molding side core slider, with a lower side of the slider cavity side molding. Bevel column given by template forming mold base plate set. When mold, plastic bag on the punch with the left part of the movable mold moves together in the role of side angle pin core slider and side slider with the pusher plate cavity While back in the pusher plate guide chute were moving upward and the lower side, so the side core and cavity side gradually from plastic parts, until the angle pin respectively from the two sliders, side core pulling and typing until the end. To ramp when the mold guide column Bevel accurate insertion hole on the slider, and the slider from the slide out when the angle pin fixed pitch slider to set the limit device in compression Under the action of the spring, side core slider Pulling end while against the stoppers are positioned at the side of the cavity slider side parting end due to its own gravity located on the stopper. movable mold part to continue to Left movement, until the introduction of agency action, putting the push pusher plate plastic parts dragged down from the punch when clamping the slider by angle pin reset, when injected, sliders were locked up by the wedge block, so that it is in the correct position without molding plastic melt due to the effects of stress loose.
注塑模具的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程
模具是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè),是技術(shù)和裝備制造業(yè)的重要基礎(chǔ),隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展,經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,各種商品不斷產(chǎn)生,其中大部分商品都依賴(lài)于多樣化。模具的加工。機(jī)械、電子、汽車(chē)、石油化工、建筑五大支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展也要求模具產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展與之相適應(yīng)。在制造業(yè)中有模具的重要作用,使模具制造能力和技術(shù)水平成為衡量國(guó)家制造水平和創(chuàng)新能力的重要指標(biāo)。近年來(lái),隨著模具制造能力的提高,使得模具具有精度高、壽命長(zhǎng)、生產(chǎn)效率高、型腔形狀和模具結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等特點(diǎn)。
模具技術(shù)是一門(mén)非常復(fù)雜的學(xué)科,近幾年來(lái)是一門(mén)飛速發(fā)展的學(xué)科。以環(huán)形注塑模中的紙片為例,力求體現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)和實(shí)用性,結(jié)合近年來(lái)模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展,體現(xiàn)對(duì)先進(jìn)技術(shù)的重視。在模具設(shè)計(jì)中,詳細(xì)介紹了模具的結(jié)構(gòu)組成、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、工作原理、設(shè)計(jì)要素,在生產(chǎn)中使用的模具設(shè)備、模具材料和熱處理要求,以及副模具的成型工藝。自生產(chǎn)塑料成型以來(lái),注塑成型應(yīng)用最廣泛,但模具結(jié)構(gòu)最復(fù)雜。
對(duì)塑料環(huán)形注塑模具中的紙件,如注塑機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、澆注系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、分型面的選擇、成型部件的設(shè)計(jì)、結(jié)構(gòu)部件的設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的介紹、側(cè)向分型以及著重介紹了牽引機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)和溫度控制系統(tǒng)。本設(shè)計(jì)采用Auto/CAD軟件對(duì)主要零件和裝配圖紙進(jìn)行繪制,雖然對(duì)模具的結(jié)構(gòu)有一定的理性的感知和理解,也有一定的時(shí)間和適當(dāng)?shù)恼n程設(shè)計(jì),但是由于缺乏畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的經(jīng)驗(yàn),遇到紅色有很多困難,但是通過(guò)老師耐心的指導(dǎo)和詳細(xì)的信息獲取,以及學(xué)生討論和解決了很多問(wèn)題。相信本設(shè)計(jì)能夠滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)要求,完成實(shí)際任務(wù)。
塑料模具質(zhì)量與生產(chǎn)力水平的關(guān)系,與塑料制品、工藝十分密切。模具結(jié)構(gòu)、型腔精度、表面粗糙度、亞表面位置、脫模方式對(duì)塑料零件的尺寸精度、形狀位置精度、視覺(jué)質(zhì)量有很大影響。模具的溫度控制、填充速度、澆口位置、排氣管在塑料部件分子取向內(nèi)的尺寸,例如由殘余應(yīng)力水平、光學(xué)和電子支柱確定的凝聚物結(jié)構(gòu)的晶體形態(tài)和機(jī)械性能泡沫、凹陷等產(chǎn)品缺陷與重要關(guān)系。
脫模機(jī)構(gòu)與拉模機(jī)構(gòu)驅(qū)動(dòng)方式,各作用模式、速度、冷卻方式對(duì)速度形成有效而決定性的影響。從模具制造的角度來(lái)看,模具零件要求耐用,工藝性能好,選擇合理,制造容易,成本低。因?yàn)槟>咧圃斐杀痉浅0嘿F,所以其成本對(duì)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格影響很大。
綜上所述,可以看出:對(duì)模具的要求是多方面的,在各種制造業(yè)中,人們對(duì)這些方面的深入而全面的研究,使模具的生產(chǎn)水平和自動(dòng)化程度都非常迅速、高效、大型、復(fù)雜、壽命長(zhǎng)。模具在模具中的總增長(zhǎng)比例。從模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造兩方面對(duì)模具的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)可以概括為以下幾個(gè)方面:
(1)高速、高效的自動(dòng)化模具塑料模具現(xiàn)在基本上可以自動(dòng)脫模產(chǎn)品,自動(dòng)脫模澆注系統(tǒng),自動(dòng)脫模,大型產(chǎn)品或產(chǎn)品不是自動(dòng)脫模機(jī)械手或拆卸產(chǎn)品,另一側(cè)是拉芯或多螺紋p拉出或自動(dòng)使用自動(dòng)側(cè)螺紋螺紋芯結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2)高精度注塑模具能否生產(chǎn)出高精度的塑料零件取決于模具、機(jī)械、原材料、工藝、環(huán)境這五個(gè)因素,只有當(dāng)高精度注塑機(jī)械、工藝穩(wěn)定、環(huán)境不變時(shí),原材料sh波動(dòng)小。尤其是高精度模具時(shí),可生產(chǎn)高精度塑料零件。
(3)隨著大型塑料模具在建筑、機(jī)械、汽車(chē)、設(shè)備、儀器、家用電器、洗衣機(jī)滾筒、大板條箱、甚至汽車(chē)車(chē)身上的應(yīng)用日益增多,這就需要相應(yīng)的大型模具。特別是注塑模具。大型注塑模具物流過(guò)程長(zhǎng)、彈性變形、自重,因此其設(shè)計(jì)、安裝和使用具有特殊性。
(4)計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)與模具加工技術(shù)的完美結(jié)合——計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)(CAD)、輔助工程(CAE)是20世紀(jì)70年代迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)的,在80年代已進(jìn)入實(shí)用階段,使設(shè)計(jì)人員能夠提高質(zhì)量,設(shè)計(jì)速度大大加快。
(5)新型模具塑料模具的設(shè)計(jì)制造技術(shù)進(jìn)步比型腔加工最困難,尤其是復(fù)雜型腔的加工。為了縮短成型周期,提高模具精度,減少手工裝配機(jī)等數(shù)量,采用各種坐標(biāo)機(jī)、復(fù)印機(jī)、光控機(jī)床和數(shù)控機(jī)床。二是近年來(lái)發(fā)展起來(lái)的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造模具制造技術(shù)取得了突破,它利用計(jì)算機(jī)程序控制數(shù)控機(jī)床和工件的軌跡和加工程序,完成模具型腔的加工。
(6)及時(shí)研究簡(jiǎn)單成型工藝,以便更新產(chǎn)品品種,降低成本,適應(yīng)小批量生產(chǎn)的要求,進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單成型工藝的研究。這些模具雖然精度差,壽命不長(zhǎng),但成型周期很短,成本低,有一定的范圍。
(7)近年來(lái),模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作取得了很大進(jìn)展,基本安裝了所有主要類(lèi)型的模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件。塑料模具有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)塑料件、塑料注塑件工藝條件、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)塑料注塑模具工藝條件、塑料注塑模具工藝條件,其中包括標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模板、墊片、推桿、導(dǎo)柱等10余種零件。
(8)特種塑料模具的開(kāi)發(fā),如成型氣連續(xù)開(kāi)發(fā)新技術(shù)和輔助注塑模具的出現(xiàn)、注塑模具制品弓泡、反應(yīng)注射成型模具、多腔注塑模具、注塑模具和多色低泡模具頂頭、多層復(fù)合鼻等。
除采用模具制造鋼制專(zhuān)用模具外,還采用離子注入、物理氣相沉積、濺射、電鍍等特殊表面處理技術(shù),以提高模具的壽命。新工藝的表面圖案處理可提高塑料零件的外觀(guān)質(zhì)量。
成型件形狀比較簡(jiǎn)單,為環(huán)形圓柱形構(gòu)件,側(cè)壁通孔直徑為8mm,即要設(shè)置和芯棒拉拔機(jī)構(gòu),尺寸小,厚度均勻。側(cè)壁厚度4mm,中間圓柱形壁厚3mm。此外,塑料零件的原材料是ABS,這是一種黃色,無(wú)嗅,無(wú)毒聚乙烯塑料的外觀(guān),但比聚乙烯更輕,更透明??姑芏葹?.02~1.05g/CM3。它不吸收水,光澤和易著色。屈服強(qiáng)度、拉伸強(qiáng)度、抗壓強(qiáng)度、硬度和彈性均優(yōu)于聚乙烯。經(jīng)取向后的聚丙烯鉸鏈可制成具有特殊高抗彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度的斜面。ABS熔點(diǎn)164~170℃,耐高溫,可在100℃以上殺菌。良好的高頻絕緣性能,因?yàn)樗鼈儾晃?,絕緣性能不受溫度的影響,但在氧氣、熱、光的影響下,容易解聚、老化,所以會(huì)避開(kāi)加入抗老化劑。模具的收縮幅度大,容易收縮、凹痕和變形,熱容、注塑模具必須設(shè)計(jì)成能夠充分移動(dòng)的冷圈,形成合適的模具溫度為80℃左右,不低于50℃,否則會(huì)造成成型塑料表面光澤差oR產(chǎn)生接縫和其他缺陷。過(guò)熱會(huì)產(chǎn)生翹曲現(xiàn)象。塑料流動(dòng)性好,應(yīng)在工藝中采用高溫高壓注塑的方法,減少應(yīng)力,提高透明度。在模具設(shè)計(jì)制造中,為了盡量減小黎明注射系統(tǒng)的流動(dòng)阻力,脫模斜坡應(yīng)適當(dāng)代理力,應(yīng)平衡平穩(wěn)發(fā)射,使模具型腔表面粗糙度較小,注意排氣等。
塑料構(gòu)件的上側(cè)有通孔,下側(cè)有凹凸,因此需要用芯的上側(cè)帶有成型側(cè)的芯滑塊,下側(cè)帶有成型腔側(cè)的滑塊。斜柱由模板成型模具底板給定。當(dāng)模具成型時(shí),塑料袋在沖頭上與活動(dòng)模具的左側(cè)部分一起移動(dòng),在側(cè)角銷(xiāo)芯滑塊和側(cè)滑塊與推板腔的作用下與推板腔一起移動(dòng),而在推板導(dǎo)槽的背面向上和下側(cè)移動(dòng),所以側(cè)芯和腔側(cè)逐漸移動(dòng)。ly從塑料零件開(kāi)始,直到角銷(xiāo)分別從兩個(gè)滑塊開(kāi)始,側(cè)芯拉出和打字直到結(jié)束。當(dāng)模具導(dǎo)柱斜面時(shí)滑塊上精確插入孔,而滑塊從滑塊上滑出時(shí)角銷(xiāo)固定節(jié)距滑塊將限位裝置置于壓縮彈簧的作用下,側(cè)芯滑塊拉出端同時(shí)抵靠止動(dòng)件位于E側(cè)空腔滑塊側(cè)分離端由于其自身重力位于止動(dòng)件上?;顒?dòng)模具部分繼續(xù)向左移動(dòng),直到引入機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)作時(shí),將推板塑料件從沖頭上拖下夾緊滑塊時(shí)通過(guò)角銷(xiāo)復(fù)位,在注射時(shí),滑塊被楔塊鎖住,使其處于正確的位置。由于塑性熔體在應(yīng)力松弛作用下不發(fā)生塑性變形。