閱讀理解（人物或故事類、科普或環(huán)境保護類或健康類、社會現(xiàn)象或歷史文化教育類）含解析（2018年中考英語試題分類匯編第三期）

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閱讀理解（人物或故事類、科普或環(huán)境保護類或健康類、社會現(xiàn)象或歷史文化教育類）含解析（2018 年中考英語試題分類匯編第三期）專題 08 閱讀理解（人物或故事類、科普或環(huán)境保護類或健康類、社會現(xiàn)象或歷史文化教育類）1.Wang Fuman is a 10-year-old student. He is now studying inZhuanshanbao Primary School in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. On Monday morning (January 8, 2018), he braved -9℃ weather to travel over an hour to reach his school.When he arrived, his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake (雪花). This made his 16 classmates laugh a lot. Fu Heng,Wang’s teacher saw this and took a picture. He uploaded (上傳) Wang’s picture. The picture soon has got much attention to children from poor families in the countryside. Wang, who has beennicknamed “Snowflake Boy” by netizens, became famous online overnight. By Wednesday morning, his picture had been “l(fā)iked” more than 260,000 times on Sina Weibo and shared more than 40,000 times.After hearing Wang’s story, the Yunnan China Youth Development Foundation held a public donation ( 捐贈) activity for children from poor families. The Foundation has promised togive each poor child 500 yuan ($75) to help them stay warm in winter.By 1 pm on Wednesday, the Foundation had collected about 300,000 yuan in public donations, according to their website. Wang’s village now has electricity and tap water, “…andmy family is getting help to build a new house close to the school”, Wang said, “I think our life will get better.”25. What was the weather like on Monday morning?A. Snowy and cold. B. Rainy and cold. C. Snowy but warm. D. Rainy but warm.26. Why did the classmates laugh when Wang entered the classroom?A. Because he lost his books . B. Because he told a joke.C. Because he looked funny. D. Because he was late.27. The Foundation held a public donation to help the poor children .A. stay happy B. keep healthyC. stay educated D. keep warm in winter28. What can we know from the text?A. Zhaotong’s weather in winter is warm.B. Wang’s future life may become better.C. Wang’s village had electricity before.D. Few people shared the boy’s picture.【答案】25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B【解析】文章講述了雪花男孩王福滿的故事。25. 根據(jù) On Monday morning (January 8, 2018), he braved -9℃ weather to travel over an hour to reach his school.和 his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake (雪花).可知那天早晨天氣下雪，寒冷；故選 A28. 根據(jù) the Foundation had collected about 300,000 yuan in public donations, according to their website. Wang’s village now has electricity and tap water, “…and my family is getting help to build a new house close to the school”, Wang said, “I think our life will get better.”可知冰雪男孩未來的生活也許會更好；故選 B2.【2018 年四川省宜賓】China’s national anthem, March of the Volunteers, is a song that we learn at the beginning of primary school and sing at every flag-raising ceremony. And now, there’s even a law to protect it.Last September, the government passed the National Anthem Law, which became effective(生效)from Oct.1, 2017. It states how we should sing or play the song, requiring all of us to behave towards it politely.Primary and middle schools must teach the anthem to their students and make them understand the song’s spirit and history. Moreover, the law requires us to be serious when we are singing the song. We can’t joke about it or change the song’s words or music. If someone breaks the law, he or she can be detained for up to 15 days, or face further punishment in more serious situations. The national anthem is different from other songs – it is the symbol of our country.Many foreign countries also have laws for their national anthems. For example, American school children should put their right hand over their heart while singing their country’s anthem at school. In Russia, the national anthem must be played on television and radio before the start and end of broadcasting. And in the Philippines, people are required to sing the national anthem with feelings when it’s played in public.29. How long has the National Anthem Law become effective till now?A. For more than one year. B. For just half a year.C. For less than 9 months. D. For about 10 months.30. Why must we be serious when singing the song?A. Because the school asks us to. B. Because it has a long history.C. Because we are good students. D. Because it’s our country’s symbol.31. What does the underlined word “detained” mean?A. Kept in a police station. B. Forced to work.C. Prevented from eating. D. Kept singing the song.32. Students are required to put their right hand over their heart in .A. China B. America C. Philippine D. Russia【答案】29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B【解析】文章介紹了中國制定了國歌法。 29. 根據(jù) which became effective(生效)from Oct.1, 2017.可知從 2017 年 10 月 1 號生效，不到 9 個月；故選 C30. 根據(jù) the law requires us to be serious when we are singing the song.和 it is the symbol of our country 可知嚴肅對待我們的國歌，因為它是我們國家的象征；故選 D31. 根據(jù) If someone breaks the law, he or she can be detained for up to 15 days,可知如果有人破壞了這個法律，他可能會被拘留最多 15 日；故選 A3.【2018 年四川省宜賓】What can be both red or green, round or sharp, big or small, and more importantly, loved or hated by someone? Yes, the answer is chilies (辣椒).Many of us in China enjoy adding chilies to our food, but did you know that this spicy (辣 的) vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-old US man recently ended up in hospital aftereating a Carolina Reaper, the spiciest chili people have known so far. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following days, reported BBC News.In fact, eating spicy food causes stomachache and headache. But if chilies are harmful, why do people like to eat this vegetable? So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body is influenced by natural chemicals that produce “a sense of happiness”, noted BBC News.And chilies do good to people in another way. Scientists found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The death rate is 14 percent lower for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. This encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and bring less death risk at an early age. So, don’t worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us.33. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A. Eating chilies can be dangerous. B. The US man died in hospital.C. The US man often had headaches. D. The Chinese enjoy eating chilies.34. People like to eat chilies because .A. chilies do no harm to people B. the chili is a kind of vegetableC. they can get personal enjoyment D. chemicals in chilies make them mad35. What is true about the last paragraph?A. The more chilies you eat, the longer you must live.B. Scientists encourage us to add chilies to our food.C. We should eat spicy food six times a week.D. Proper spicy food may improve our health.36. Which of the following can be the best title?A. Eating Chilies, A Healthy Lifestyle B. A Loved and Hated VegetableC. Chili—A Harmful Vegetable D. Causes of Stomachache【答案】33. A 34. C 35. D 36. B【解析】文章介紹了關于辣椒的一些情況，一種讓人又愛又恨的蔬菜。33. 根據(jù) Many of us in China enjoy adding chilies to our food, but did you know that this spicy (辣 的) vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-old US man recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper, the spiciest chili people have known so far. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following days, reported BBC News.可知吃辣椒有時也很危險；故選 A34. 根據(jù) The human body is influenced by natural chemicals that produce “a sense of happiness”可知人們喜歡吃辣椒，他能得到一種個人享受；故選 C36. 根據(jù)文章介紹了關于辣椒的一些情況，一種讓人又愛又恨的蔬菜?？芍x B4.【2018 年浙江省金華】Teenagers are known for being creative and full of new ideas. Let’s have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.Banana leaves usually go bad in two or three days. Tenith Adithyaa, a teenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year. Tenith thinks that one day the leaves will be used for making plates, cups and other things. David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm(蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go into the smallest places, where humans or dogs can’t go. It will be used for finding people in a fire or an earthquake. Remya Jose, a 14-year-old from India, found it tiring and boring to handwash clothes in the nearby river. She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time. Kenneth Shinozuku, a 15-year-old from New York, noticed that his grandfather who got Alzheimer＇s disease（老年癡呆） would often leave home and get lost. So he invented the wearable sensors(感應器)to help people find their family members like his grandfather. 16. What is the passage mainly about?A. Popular adsB. Useful machinesC. Strange pictures.D. Teenage inventions17. The earthworm robot by David Cohen can ______.A. make things stay freshB. help people wash clothesC. go into the smallest placesD. take care of the old people18. Which of the following is TRUEA. Plates and cups are made of fresh banana leaves.B. Remya's washing machine can also keep people fit.C. David Cohen is a middle school student from India.D. Kenneth's wearable sensors will keep old people at home.【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B【解析】短文展示了青少年的 4 項發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。如何使樹葉保鮮；蚯蚓機器人；自行車部件改裝的洗衣機；可穿戴的傳感器。16. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)表格前面的句子“Let ’s have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.” 讓我們來看看這些可能改變世界的青少年的發(fā)明?？芍涛恼故玖饲嗌倌甑囊恍┌l(fā)明創(chuàng)造，故答案選 D。17. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格第二欄中的句子“David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm(蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go into the smallest places,”可知，David Cohen 的蚯蚓機器人可以進入最小的地方。故答案選 C。18. 判斷正誤題。根據(jù)表格第三欄中的句子“She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.” 雷米發(fā)明的這種洗衣機也能讓人們保持健康。故 B 答案正確。5.【2018 年浙江省金華】Understanding Graphics（圖表）When we are reading, we often see one or two graphics in a text. Have you ever thought about these questions: Why are they there? What information do they give? Do they help with our reading and understanding?Graphics are things like pictures, maps, charts and tables. They give information to readers. Very often, we can see different kinds of graphics in books, magazines and newspapers. Writers use graphics to get the readers'attention and give them some particular(特別的)information. Graphics help to understand the given information in a text. And graphics put the information in a particular order so that it's easy to understand when we take a quick look.It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. But many things are easier to show than to tell and they may also be easier to understand. Graphics are just the right things that give a great deal of information but it doesn’t take much time to read and understand.The right way to read and understand a graphic is to look at the picture and the words together. In a graphic, only a few words are used to explain what the picture shows you. Sometimes, numbers and percentages(百分比) are also given to go with the words to explain things.Now look at the graphic on the right. It is how a researcher used a graphic to show the number of hours spent sleeping by British teenagers each day. Can you understand it?19. Which of the following is mentioned as a graphic?A. A letter.B. A poem.C. A map.D. A name card.20. The writer thinks graphics are important because ____________.A. less space is taken on a pageB. a picture is worth a thousand wordsC. a lot of time can be saved for writersD. many things are easier to show than to tell21. When we read a graphic, we should ______.A. find out if there are any tables in itB. put the information in the right orderC. count how many words there are in itD. look at the picture and the words together22. The graphic given in the passage tells us that ________.A. 5 British teenagers sleep for 8-9 hours every dayB. Chinese 18-year-olds spend 5-6 hours sleeping every dayC. 17% of the British teenagers sleep for 3-4 hours each dayD. 42% of the Chinese teenagers spend 6-7 hours sleeping each day【答案】19. C 20. D 21. D 22. C【解析】短文介紹了圖表的作用以及如何正確使用圖表的方法。圖表包括圖片、地圖、圖紙和表格之類的東西。文本中插入圖表能幫助讀者更直觀快捷地理解相關信息，理解圖表的正確方法是把圖片和文字一起來閱讀。19. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的句子“Graphics are things like pictures, maps, charts and tables.” 圖表是圖片、地圖、圖紙和表格之類的東西。地圖屬于圖表，故答案為 C。21. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第 4 段中的句子“The right way to read and understand a graphic is to look at the picture and the words together.”閱讀和理解圖表的正確方法是把圖片和文字一起看。故答案為 D。22. 圖表理解題。根據(jù)圖表下面的文字 “The number of hours spent sleeping by British teenagers each day.”可知，圖表顯示的是英國青少年每天睡覺的時間。通過統(tǒng)計表分析，17%的英國青少年每天睡覺 3-4 小時，故答案為 C。 6.【2018 年浙江省金華】Shyness can be an unhappy feeling. But the good news is, you're not alone. Scientists say that more than 40 percent of teenagers and adults consider themselves shy. Shyness is feeling a little nervous or as if you want to hide when you're around other people or in a new situation.___ Scientists say such things as genetics（遺傳基因） ， life experiences， and environment can influence whether a person is shy. For example, in some families, everybody seems to be shy.What happens if you are shy? Well, being shy may cause you to avoid or miss opportunities you would enjoy.How do people overcome (克服)shyness? This is what Gilbert tells us. “When I started off trying to get over being shy, I decided to do little steps at a time, including practicing smiling and saying hi to people. And it worked for me. “But shyness is not the kind of thing that most people can get over overnight. Overcoming shyness take time and needs practice.Here are some tips given by scientists.Think of what to talk about before you leave home. Prepare things to talk about before you're in a social situation. For example, if you know your classmates are interested in an upcoming event, learn about it so you can join in the conversations.Let people know you're shy. If you're shy, just show it. Instead of letting people guess, tell them the truth. Explain that you are shy and feel nervous but enjoy talking to people.Make things easy for the other person. Remember, you’re not the only shy person around. Do what you think might help others feel good-for example, say hello or smile.Pick one social skill to practice at a time. Start simply. For example, smile or be the first person to say hi. Choose skills you feel comfortable enough with to practice for a day, a week, a month, or even a year.23. Which of the following can be put in the blank in Paragraph2?A. What is shyness?B. What makes people shy?C. Can shyness be good for us?D. Can we overcome shyness?24. The example of Gilbert in Paragraph 4 is given to _____.A. show how people overcome shynessB. introduce a shy girl called GilbertC. tell the right time to practice smilingD. explain the steps of overcoming shyness25. What does the underlined word “overnight“ in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?A. Correctly.B. Suddenly.C. Slowly.D. Finally.26. Which of the following is the right way to overcome shyness?A. Don’t let others know that you are shy.B. Wait for others to say hello to you first.C. Choose several skills to practice at a time.D. Get ready before you join in a social situation.【答案】23. B 24. A 25. B 26. D【解析】含羞會給人們帶來不愉快的感受，科學家認為遺傳基因、生活經(jīng)歷和環(huán)境等因素會影響一個人是否害羞?？朔π咝枰粋€漫長的過程，短文給出了一些克服害羞的方法與建議。23. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的句子“Scientists say such things as genetics（遺傳基因） ，life experiences，and environment can influence whether a person is shy.”科學家認為遺傳基因、生活經(jīng)歷和環(huán)境等因素會影響一個人是否害羞?？梢耘袛嗲懊娴木渥討撌菍е氯撕π叩囊恍┮蛩兀蚀鸢高x B. What makes people shy? 什么使人害羞。24. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第 4 段中的句子 How do people overcome (克服)shyness? This is what Gilbert tells us.”人們如何克服羞怯？這就是吉爾伯特告訴我們的。后面吉爾伯特所列舉的例子就是告訴人們克服一些害羞的方法，故答案為 A。25. 詞義猜測題。A. Correctly.正確地； B. Suddenly.突然地；C. Slowly.慢慢地；D. Finally.最后。根據(jù)后面的句子“Overcoming shyness take time and needs practice.”克服害羞需要時間，需要實踐訓練。可以得知害羞不是大多數(shù)人能在一夜之間就可以克服的，也就是克服害羞需要一個漫長的過程，故答案為 B。26. 細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)“Prepare things to talk about before you're in a social situation. For example, if you know your classmates are interested in an upcoming event, learn about it so you can join in the conversations.” 在社交場合之前，準備一些要討論的事情。例如，如果你知道你的同學對即將到來的事件感興趣，就去了解它，這樣你就可以加入對話了。可知，在參加社交活動之前要做好充分的準備，這樣就可以有效的克服羞怯的心理。答案為 D。