畢業(yè)生論文 1 摘 要摘要內容:機械制造工藝學課程設計是我們學完了大學的全部基礎課、技術基礎課以及大部分專業(yè)課之后進行的.這是我們在進行畢業(yè)設計之前對所學各課程的一次深入的綜合性的總復習,也是一次理論聯(lián)系實際的訓練。因此,它在我們四年的大學生活中占有重要的地位。這次設計的是端蓋,首先我們要熟悉零件,題目所給的零件是端蓋。首先要了解端蓋的作用,然后接下來根據(jù)零件的性質和零件圖上各端面的粗糙度確定毛坯的尺寸和機械加工余量。最后我們再根據(jù)定位基準先確定精基準,后確定粗基準,最后擬定端蓋的加工路線圖,制定該工件的夾緊方案。在設計專用夾具方面時,首先我們必須要明白夾具在零件加工中起到非常重要的作用。機床夾具的作用可歸納為以下幾個方面:1 機床夾具可準確確定工件、刀具和機床之間的相對位置,可以保證加工精度。2 機床夾具可快速地將工件定位和夾緊,減少輔助時間,提高了生產效率。3 采用機械、氣動、液壓等夾緊機構,可以減輕工人的勞動強度。4 利用機床夾具,可以使機床的加工工藝范圍擴大,例如在臥式車床刀架處安裝鏜孔夾具,可對箱體孔進行鏜孔加工。[關鍵詞] 液壓缸;端蓋;工藝設計;夾具畢業(yè)生論文 2 AbstractMechanical manufacturing technology curriculum design is finished we learn all the basic course of the University, technology and the most basic course after course of. This is our prior to graduation design to learn the course of an in-depth and comprehensive review of the total, is also a theory with practical training.therefore, it occupies the important position in our four years of University life. First of all we must familiar with the parts, the parts subject to the end cover. Understand the role of the cover, then according to the nature of parts and components in the face of the map on the roughness determine the size and mechanical The machining allowance. According to another location and then we set the benchmark fine first base, established after the benchmark crude, finalizing the cover of the road map, the enactment of the workpiece clamping programme.In terms of special fixture design,first of all we have to understand that zhe fixture has played a very important role in parts processing. The function of machine tool fixture can be summarized as the following respects:1 Machine tool fixture can accurately determine the workpiece and the relative position between the fixture and machine tools, can ensure the machining accuracy of machine tool fixture.2 The workpiece positioning and stepping up quickly and reduce the auxiliary time, improve the production efficiency.3 Use to institutions,such as mechanical, pneumatic ,hydraulic,can reduce the labor intensity of workers.4 Use of machine tool fixture ,can make the processing scope of machine tools such as horizontal lathe tool post installs jig boring ,boring on casing hole for processing. 【Key words】 Hydraulic cylinder;The end cover;Process design目 錄畢業(yè)生論文 3 一、緒論………………………………………………………………………………………11.1 本課題設計的目的和意義…………………………………………………………1 1.2 機械加工工藝與夾具設計的必要性………………………………………………1 1.3 工藝與夾具設計的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢………………………………………………21.3.1 夾具的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢…………………………………………………………21.3.2 工藝的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢…………………………………………………………21.4 質量、生產率和經濟性關系分析…………………………………………………3 二、零件分析…………………………………………………………………………………52.1 端蓋的零件圖………………………………………………………………………52.2 端蓋零件的作用……………………………………………………………………52.3 端蓋零件的結構特點………………………………………………………………62.4 端蓋零件的技術要求分析…………………………………………………………6三、確定毛胚及繪制毛坯簡圖………………………………………………………………83.1 確定毛坯的種類……………………………………………………………………83.2 毛坯的形狀與尺寸的確定…………………………………………………………83.2.1 估算鍛件質量 ………………………………………………………………8tM3.2.2 確定鍛件的復雜系數(shù) …………………………………………………………8S3.2.3 確定鍛件的材質系數(shù) ………………………………………………………93.2.4 確定分?!?3.2.5 查表確定鍛件的加工余量………………………………………………………93.2.6 確定毛坯尺寸……………………………………………………………………93.3 確定毛坯公差………………………………………………………………………93.4 確定毛坯的技術要求 ……………………………………………………………103.4.1 起模角 …………………………………………………………………………103.4.2 圓角半徑 ………………………………………………………………………103.4.3 熱處理 …………………………………………………………………………11四、工藝規(guī)程設計……………………………………………………………………………12畢業(yè)生論文 4 4.1 工藝路線的擬訂……………………………………………………………………12 4.2 工序的劃分…………………………………………………………………………124.3 基準面的選擇………………………………………………………………………124.3.1 粗基準選擇………………………………………………………………………124.3.2 精基準選擇………………………………………………………………………134.4 機械加工順序的安排………………………………………………………………144.4.1 機械加工順序……………………………………………………………………144.4.2 劃分加工階段……………………………………………………………………154.4.3 確定加工順序……………………………………………………………………154.4.4 熱處理工序安排…………………………………………………………………164.4.5 輔助工序安排……………………………………………………………………164.4.6 加工工藝過程……………………………………………………………………164.5 工序加工余量的確定………………………………………………………………174.5.1 外圓表面加工……………………………………………………………………174.5.2 內孔加工…………………………………………………………………………174.5.3 端面加工余量……………………………………………………………………184.6 工序尺寸及公差的確定……………………………………………………………184.6.1 徑向尺寸確定……………………………………………………………………184.6.2 軸向尺寸計算……………………………………………………………………204.7 切削用量選擇………………………………………………………………………214.7.1 選擇原則…………………………………………………………………………214.7.2 選擇方法: 查表修正法…………………………………………………………214.7.3 切削力計算和切削功率校核……………………………………………………234.7.4 時間定額的確定…………………………………………………………………234.7.5 工藝方案經濟分析………………………………………………………………25五、專用夾具的設計…………………………………………………………………………265.1 夾具的設計的目的與要求…………………………………………………………265.2 確定定位方案………………………………………………………………………26畢業(yè)生論文 5 5.2.1 選擇定位元件……………………………………………………………………265.2.2 分析定位誤差……………………………………………………………………275.3 確定導向裝置………………………………………………………………………285.3.1 鉆套內徑及型號確定……………………………………………………………285.3.2 與鉆套相配零件的確定…………………………………………………………295.4 確定夾具機構………………………………………………………………………295.4.1 確定夾緊方案……………………………………………………………………305.4.2 確定夾緊裝置……………………………………………………………………305.4.3 計算夾緊力………………………………………………………………………305.4.4 確定夾具體在機床上的安裝方式及結構………………………………………315.4.5 鉆模板和定位元件與夾具體的連接……………………………………………31六、總結………………………………………………………………………………………32參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………………………33致 謝 ……………………………………………………………………………………34 附 錄 ……………………………………………………………………………………35