黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
附 錄A
1.An overview of the Autodumper
Special Autodumper use this vehicile motor-powered the hydraulic lift up the engine, the car at the angle, and rely on the importance of the recovery of private Autodumper.
From the bus in its purposes may be divided into two categories of the road transport : Such a heavy load and heavy (20t quality in the car. the above).
Mainly for large construction projects for mining, transport, usually with excavator for the use of this kind of car. the mining has also known as the car.Its length, width, height, and the netherlands, etc from the highway code restrictions. But ,it can only be used in mining, the site. Another class is used for road use of light, medium and heavy load quality (in 2 ～ 20 t) from the ordinary car. It is mainly responsible for sazaraishi, earth, the coal for transporting goods are often loosely, with supporting loader. The car is for some special purpose, and called from the private car. as : the car from the loading and unloading, loading and unloading the bus, etc. fig. 1 for surface from the structure of the car.
Ordinary the car from the branch with the quality is divided into :light from the bus, since the medium and heavy loads to carry the car ；The direction of the goods into the side of the type, "and" three sides and the bottom of the joint from the car to car;Tailgate structure : a column into the open expression, column three, opening and he will winnow his style (that the tailgate) from the bus.
With the internal infrastructure needs to increase production in recent years has remained Autodumper higher production sales volume, the general's special motor vehicle output in the first place, but in the types and type, materials, the use and have a certain gap.Since the car continued to grow rapidly and sale is over the cargo to the first. The main reason is that the growth and huge investment in fixed assets investment scale established Autodumper ; Since its foundation in market demand of the car, not only to satisfy the demand, and to lead the development of transport market ; Kept fast growth and has become a long road transport vehicles the main.
2. Autodumper features outlined.
Special Autodumper and the difference is mainly adapted for a special feature of the coat, can fulfil certain specific functions and operations. Thus the design of, except to meet the basic model of car for performance, specialized functions to meet the requirements of this form its own characteristics, as follows :
Autodumper designed many special use of chassis on the ground in the modified .The design of the first need to know about foreign cars products, especially the production conditions, the chassis and supply sources, the selling price and other related materials, etc. And to design proper Autodumper functions and performance indicators in a match and power output, drive size, shape, it is quality, the acquisition cost analysis and comparison ,Preferred a ground as a private car chassis Autodumper modified the design of the movement.You can choose to a better car, be able to design a better use of premises. Autodumper.
For not immediately to adopt two or three type of chassis chassis for a special Autodumper, it should try to use the car assembly and the component design to shorten the product development cycle and to improve the reliability of the product.
Special Autodumper the design of the major work is the general layout and design work is suited to ensure that private functions to meet its performance requirement, should also consider the basic chassis not be affected. where necessary, May be appropriate to the chassis some performance indicators, to meet some special job performance. The device for special Autodumper variety and quantity of production of a little special Autodumper design should consider product seriation, according to user needs and soon the product variante. The special Autodumper parts of the design, should the " trivoltine ", the maximum use, or choose the difficult parts of the product has been to minimize self-control. For special Autodumper to make a design, should follow the singleton or a small quantity of production at the possibility of a worker Special Autodumper to work in some of the core components and assemblies of fuel pump, and, pump, valves, presser and different from professional manufacturer of the special Autodumper preferred the performance of the special operations, major decisions in these parts of the performance and reliability.
In the ordinary car on a chassis and chassis special Autodumper is probably with the original design is different, so for some important both to school. sufficient strength of the nuclear.
Special Autodumper design should meet the motor vehicle highway traffic safety and regulations for some particular, such as heavy traffic a trailer, the field, the airport passenger wide-bodied aircraft , should be as specific work of the environment of the special vehicles for processing.
Some special Autodumper may be in a bad environment, the use of the condition is complicated, we need to understand and grasp countries and sectors of the norms and standards, the special Autodumper good adaptability. Work is to set up a security device.
In summary, special Autodumper design has its own characteristics and demands, to meet the car design for .At the same time to get good Autodumper can. this requires the car and special work reasonably well, that constitutes a coherent whole. The basic and specialized capabilities are adequate.
The car from the special kinds of complicated in structure, use, face, short waiting for the development phase, therefore dedicated from the car's designers have .To have knowledge in car design ability. Also to master the various specialized Autodumper work of the principles and design calculations. In addition, special Autodumper designers also need to users and market dynamics have a full understanding of this design of the performance and advanced in the market in use readily marketable satisfy users.
3. The domestic private Autodumper outlined the development of the status .
The domestic private Autodumper development outlined in recent years china's economic status quo with the rapid development of automobile industry for national industry was a rapid development. Special from the car as an important part of the car industry, and got fast development. the other hand, with gradual implementation of policies for industries and the industry standard and policies, standards and regulations on the policy to regulate the production, increase the technological level and quality ;On the other hand, as china's urban construction and high-speed railway construction, construction of highways and road transportation has developed rapidly. To our special Autodumper provide a lot of market demand and special Autodumper product range is extensive and more reasonable, product quality and technology continued to increase output, and hiked.
Our country from the private car started in the 1950s the early 1960s, the main focuses on application. Though application earlier, but the overall development of the 1980s, the developed countries in thirty years later. after 20 years, china has dedicated Autodumper of a certain scale, especially in recent years, our dedicated Autodumper developed rapidly. according to statistics, national data in 1999, from private Autodumper 546 by private enterprises, Autodumper 6282006 has been enlarged to 800 home ; Productivity has seen considerable expansion in production for 174.2 thousands, 2004 to 2005 350 thousands, for half a million, 2006 and 2007 is nearly 600 thousands a more reached their 700 thousands. At present, our dedicated Autodumper alongside of the total of about 40 ％ has nearly 5,000 product varieties Has become an important part of china automobile industry. Iit is estimated that the sectors, our dedicated Autodumper product will reach 6 thousands of products, output of cars, alongside 900000 in the production of 65%.
In addition, our dedicated Autodumper products and developed countries and regions of the product is basically Autodumper compare near, though in some respects and developed countries and regions of similar products in a certain gap. But ,on the whole our special Autodumper industry in the international private Autodumper in occupy an important position, basically has participated in the international market competition. Product varieties, htn, processes, equipment, and have greatly improved. basic to import to export from the change. The five-year period, the purchased of a restructuring enterprises, many smes through the changeover, merging and restructuring, the business sector basically changed. Most of the enterprise has complete purchased the product development system. few products have reached advanced international standards. Undoubtedly, our dedicated Autodumper also a serious problem, if not resolved these issues in the very large extent, affect our own healthy development of private car industry. First, research and development ability, with the quality of phenomenon. the present division Autodumper, trailer, the purchased motor van for large quantities, other technical content of purchased are mostly small batches range of products, tap new products and technical transformation into a large, achieved results very slow, and small, most companies lack of funds, do not want to make long-term investment and use the simple process equipment, the product quality have no guarantee that the quality of product to a greater increase. Shortage of funds, technology, more likely to put on a way, most businesses are counterfeit foreign, then each other with the quality of that phenomenon is very serious. Secondly, the use of chassis. The country is basically a firm manufacturing special Autodumper the chassis, more than 800 home country's special motor vehicle manufacturers to produce various kinds of special Autodumper, most was in the ordinary alongside the chassis basis as in these enterprises, most of the movement for a modified production of small and medium-sized enterprises, our mechanized low level, the product quality, and developed countries have very big gap, the situation greatly constrain our development. Special Autodumper.Third, the irrational structure. at present, china's special motor vehicle market share of 40% of all alongside, and 70% of the developed country's special motor vehicle market share, there is still a gap. Now foreign goods purchased in such light, medium and heavy proportion is three four three yahweh. yahweh the present only three to five, yahweh yahweh medium-sized purchased much less heavy. The products purchased the irrational structure and growing diversification, personalization user needs the most impressive scaling. Fourth, industry concentration is lower, private production enterprises Autodumper not professional and dedicated Autodumper production, and there are about the status quo. A product with a few dozens or even hundreds of companies, enterprises and production and many kinds of products ;And the developed countries, a product of the three? five enterprises producing enterprises, most of the products production. in contrast, our dedicated Autodumper industry concentration is lower, private production enterprises are not professional Autodumper. Fifth, the special unit of development and manufacture special Autodumper to limit the level of greater. our special Autodumper special device key fittings.The general standard is not high, such as hydraulic, pump, valves, control and wait for it is not reached a height of skill, still needs to import and this restricts the high level of development and production. special Autodumper. Finally, domestic private Autodumper with the advanced countries have the technology gap.In the united states, for example, usually a 48 (14m), the amount of the two shafts 20t motor van a trailer, the vehicle at 7t importance, and translated into our present standard 13m long axis motor van second half of the trailer, a heavy about 6t ;And are usually 13m second shaft motor van a feeling of the trailer 8t. if the axis of more than half of the trailer was the same kind of restriction and the united tractor trailer motor van in full will be our vehicle more than about the goods unloaded 2t about the revival of 2t a light, the fuel for car, tyres losses are considerable impact of transport, the advanced economy to be self-evident.
Purchased in the manufacturing industry is attached to the undercarriage on the basis of a large and small, variety, science and technology content of high quality, and vo- vehicle operation close contact with. But vo- vehicle operation the development of the movement's special motor vehicle was purchased meet the needs of diversification and specialization, can satisfy the users and market demand and directly affect vo- vehicle operation the chassis of the market.So vendors and users purchased vo- vehicle operation the request should be given special attention to the development of market demand purchased the chassis. How to satisfy users vo- vehicle operation development and market demand, should be purchased from the following considerations :
First, and purchased the manufacturer for adapting to the technical exchanges and understanding of one part of the special performance requirements, specifications and requirements for private development movement.
Second, a full understanding of purchased using the environment and conditions of some components on the corresponding improvements to meet specific conditions and conditions.
Third, the influential's special motor vehicle business and technology exchanges, the user to hear different views and requires continuous upgrading and development, or purchased the chassis.
Fourth, watching the movements, the purchased of the development of international and domestic market demand and develop high technology and high added value special Autodumper, narrow the gap and preemptive the international market.
Our special Autodumper the trend of the special Autodumper
The mainstream of the market will be concentrated in the urban construction and services and transportation and management of high-grade highways two plates and special Autodumper development would render the following major trend :
1) Products. the varieties, the developed countries such as german special Autodumper. Variety of Autodumper have over 6000 franchises across from the present demand, germany, japan, britain, is also entirely by market and the user needs for production. The special autodumper universality and professional services, the purchased much strain. According to statistics, our country has been a special Autodumper 228 1553, a variety of different trades. The characteristics of specific items, there is also different. special Autodumper market in many organizations exist side by side of the situation, thereby forming the market diversification, for the production enterprise with a broad space for development.
2) Heavy, and the large number of statistical data. in recent years, heavy truck market sales from 2002, the engine power for most 205kw (280hp) in the following the rapid growth in the car engine power, the 480,000 in ～ 257kw most 205 leaving350hp) (280 degrees, especially heavy truck card chassis fully support the trend of the heavy, purchased large development trend. Road improvement in terms of development and transportation for road transport of containers, this created favourable conditions, at the same time, for large tonnage and large, the extensive application of the special Autodumper provide great space. experts predict that, "sectors, the transport vehicles such as heavy, motor van car, tractor and trailer motor van and container transport, for half a trailer, insulation in refrigerated vehicles will be the hero.
3) Light. new material and the adoption of new technology to lighten the weight and improve the efficiency and facilitate and promote china's special Autodumper Technical progress and close the gap between the product is definitely important. Europe and america's special motor vehicle for aluminium alloy steel body and material, full of the application has been more than twenty years, the japanese enterprises have also purchased a coat in the application of light aluminium alloy, material and the material of industry in our country's special Autodumper application in its infancy. This means that our dedicated Autodumper products will also towards that direction, only a quantitative the speed of development are different conditions vary.
Our special Autodumper is in the light and quantitative aspects, the united states and japan companies had very big gap, because our special Autodumper levels of consumption is still relatively low ; the domestic transport companies to save on transport costs, and assiduously overload, and didn't realize overload itself may significantly increase of traffic in three bkc bunker charges; be some areas of governance overload enough.
Therefore, promote the use of quantitative Autodumper light, the relevant departments to intensify tax administration, reforms, we should lead a user to buy a product of the economy good measure.
4) Motor van and cities. the special Autodumper new materials for light-weight vehicles.Promoting motor van transport has been on the tenth five-year plan, has been recognized as the industry. in particular the development of a trailer and set motor van put the boot of a trailer has become a logistics enterprises are the main forces of the model.As the people's living standards increase, and put the boot of a trailer will gradually become our development direction in the future. however, the world business magnates were entering the chinese market, the supermarket are everywhere, light motor van car will be increasing demand, City dedicated Autodumper new materials for light-weight vehicles the trend has appeared.
5 ） High technology and high added value. As the economy of the trend of development constitute a change, the market for special Autodumper variety of the demand will be the appropriate framework change. Common demand from the car will continue to improve the infrastructure, and gradually reduce motor van a trailer service and for the city traffic demand will greatly increase. At the same time, competitive market trend, the product cost increases, the labor-intensive products in price competition advantages will be further weakness, with technical innovation is the replacement of economic growth will become a special Autodumper industry new economic growth mode. In addition, markets for high technology products of high added value of the demand greatly increased, this trend to increase the purchased enterprise development of high-tech and high added value of products. , Electricity, gas, liquid, the microelectronics integration technology and technology in the gps applications can be purchased considerably added value of purchased products and technology content. Pundits predict the future, a period, and a large number of applications, and our products and special Autodumper the cost advantage for the domestic exports Autodumper.
6) Humanization, security and energy. Special Autodumper the chassis design more humanized it is considered, including drivers, for better working conditions; is allowed to personalize the capability parameter. as society advances, the technological level, The design of the security and to ensure the safety of the drive to become a designer will consider the question, in addition, the parking brake, basic security measures, through the provision of the functional monitoring system and integral side through the system, and adopt electronic control, hydraulic and mechanical three separate set of brake system and greatly improve the reliab