初中英語中考易混易錯(cuò)同義詞辨析大全

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初中英語易混易錯(cuò)同義詞辨析大全 1. clothes, cloth, clothing 　clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)， cloth指布，為不可數(shù)名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident 　incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number amount后接不可數(shù)名詞， number后接可數(shù)名詞 a number of students 4. family, house, home 　home 家，包括住處和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成員. My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise 　sound自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing 　photo用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片，picture可指相片，圖片，電影片，drawing畫的畫 Let’s go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word 　vocabulary詞匯，一個(gè)人擁有的單詞量，word具體的單詞He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people 　population人口，人數(shù)，people具體的人 China has a large population. 9. weather, climate 　weather一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況，climate長期的氣候狀況 The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way 　road具體的公路，馬路，street街道，path小路，小徑，way道路，途徑 　take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject 　course課程（可包括多門科目），subject科目（具體的學(xué)科）a summer course 12. custom, habit 　custom傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接to do， habit生活習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣成自然，后接of doing. I’ve got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason 　cause 指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice 　exercise運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉（不可數(shù)），exercises練習(xí)（可數(shù)），practice（反復(fù)做的）練習(xí) Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 　作"課"解時(shí),兩者可以替換.指課文用lesson. 指班級或全體學(xué)生用class. lesson 6; class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture 　speech指在公共場所所做的經(jīng)過準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演說，talk日常生活中的一般的談話，講話，lecture學(xué)術(shù)性的演講，講課 a series of lecture on… 17. officer, official 　officer部隊(duì)的軍官，official政府官員 an army officer 18. work, job 　二者均指工作。work不可數(shù)，job可數(shù) a good job 19. couple, pair 　couple主要指人或動(dòng)物，pair多指由兩部分組成的東西 a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, land 　country側(cè)重指版圖，疆域，nation指人民，國民，民族，state側(cè)重指政府，政體，land國土，國家 The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker 　cook廚師，cooker廚具 He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages 　damage不可數(shù)名詞, 損害，損失; damages復(fù)數(shù)形式, 賠償金 $900 damages 23. police, policeman 　police警察的總稱，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，policeman 指某個(gè)具體的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question 　problem常和困難連系，前面的動(dòng)詞常為think about, solve, raise，question常和疑問連系，多和ask, answer連用 25. man, a man 　man人類，a man一個(gè)男人 Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken 　二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當(dāng)雞肉 The chicken is delicious. 27. telegram, telegraph 　當(dāng)電報(bào)解時(shí)，telegram指具體的，telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph 28. trip, journey, travel, voyage 　 travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍長的旅途，voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip 29. sport, game 　sport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動(dòng)，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等；game指決定勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則 His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, prize 　price價(jià)格，prize獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 31. a number of, the number of 　a number of許多，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of…的數(shù)目，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The number of students is increasing. 32. in front of, in the front of 　in front of范圍外的前面，in the front of范圍內(nèi)的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy. 33. of the day, of a day 　of the day每一天的，當(dāng)時(shí)的，當(dāng)代的， of a day暫時(shí)的，不長久的 a famous scientist of the day 34. three of us, the three of us 　three of us我們（不止三個(gè)）中的三個(gè)，the three of us我們?nèi)齻€(gè)（就三個(gè)人）The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema. 35. by bus, on the bus 　by bus表手段，方式，不用冠詞，on the bus表范圍 They went there by bus. 36. for a moment, for the moment 　for a moment 片刻，一會(huì)兒，for the moment暫時(shí)，一時(shí) Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year, the next year 　next year將來時(shí)間狀語，the next year過去將來時(shí)間狀語 He said he would go abroad the next year. 38. more than a year, more than one year 　more than a year一年多，more than one year超過一年（兩年或三年等） 39. take advice, take the(one’s) advice 　take advice征求意見，take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again. 40. take air, take the air 　take air傳播，走漏，take the air到戶外去，散步 We take the air every day. 41. in a word, in words 　in a word總之，一句話， in words口頭上 In a word, you are right. 42. in place of, in the place of 　in place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one. 43. in secret, in the secret 　in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作狀語；in the secret知道內(nèi)情，知道秘密，一般用作表語 My mother was in the secret from the beginning. 44. a girl, one girl 　a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一個(gè)女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box? 45. take a chair, take the chair 　take a chair相當(dāng)于sit down坐下，take the chair開始開會(huì) 46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea 　go to sea當(dāng)海員，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海邊 go by sea 47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher 　the doctor and teacher指一個(gè)人，既是醫(yī)生又是老師，the doctor and the teacher兩個(gè)人，一個(gè)醫(yī)生和一個(gè)老師 the doctor and teacher is 48. in office, in the office 　in office在職的，in the office在辦公室里 He is in office, not out of office. 49. in bed, on the bed 　in bed臥在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed. 50. in charge of, in the charge of 　in charge of管理，負(fù)責(zé)照料， in the charge of由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her. 51. in class, in the class 　in class在課上，in the class在班級里 He is the best student in the class. 52. on fire, on the fire 　on fire著火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 53. out of question, out of the question 　out of question毫無疑問的，out of the question不可能的 54. a second, the second a second又一，再一，the second第…… He won the second prize. 55. by day, by the day 　by day白天，by the day按天計(jì)算 The workers are paid by the day. 56. the people, a people 　the people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people. 57. it, one 　it同一物體，one同類不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. 58. that, this 　that指代上文所提到的，this導(dǎo)出下文所要說的 I was ill. That’s why… 59. none, nothing, no one 　none強(qiáng)調(diào)有多少，nothing, no one強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒有，nothing指物，no one指人 　--- How many…/How much…? --- None. 60. anyone, any one 　anyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you 61. who, what 　who指姓名或關(guān)系，what指職業(yè)或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher. 62. what, which 　what的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無限制的，which在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples? 63. other, another 　other后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，another后接名詞單數(shù) other students, another student 64. not a little, not a bit 　not a little非常，not a bit一點(diǎn)也不 I’m not a bit tired. 我一點(diǎn)兒也不累。 65. many, much, a lot of 　many和可數(shù)名詞連用，much和不可數(shù)名詞連用，a lot of可數(shù)，不可數(shù)均可，但不用于否定句 I haven’t many books. 66. much more…than, many more…than 　much more…than后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞，many more…than后接可數(shù)名詞 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful 67. no, not 　no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water 68. no more than, not more than 　no more than相當(dāng)于only，僅僅，只有，not more than 至多，不超過 69. majority, most 　majority只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，most可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可 the majority of people 70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself 　by oneself單獨(dú)的，獨(dú)自的，for oneself為自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自動(dòng)的 The door opened of itself. 71. at all, after all 　at all根本，全然, after all到底，畢竟 After all he is a child. 72. tall, high 　tall常指人或動(dòng)物，high常指物體 He is tall. 73. fast, quickly 　fast側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快的特點(diǎn)，quickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly 74. high, highly 　high具體的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of 75. healthy, healthful 　healthy健康的，健壯的，healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise 76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy 　sleeping正在睡覺，asleep睡著，熟睡，只能做表語，sleepy困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I’m sleepy. 77. gold, golden 　gold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金魚用gold fish a gold ring 78. most, mostly 　most用于表感受的肯定句中，相當(dāng)于very，當(dāng)大部分，大多數(shù)解時(shí)是形容詞或名詞，mostly大部分,是副詞 most people, the people are mostly… 79. just, very 　just表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是副詞，作狀語，very表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是形容詞，用作定語 the very man, just the man 80. wide, broad 　wide側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離，broad側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣broad shoulders 81. real, true real真的，真實(shí)的，指的是事實(shí)上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符合 real gold, a true story 82. respectful, respectable respectful尊敬，有禮貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged 83. outwards, outward 二者均可用作副詞，表示向外，外面，outward還可用作形容詞 an outward voyage 84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing pleasant常用作定語，pleased, pleasing常用作表語，pleased主語常為人，pleasing主語常為物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing. 85. understanding, understandable understanding明白事理的，能體諒的，understandable 可理解的，能夠懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake 86. close, closely close接近，靠近，closely緊緊地，緊密地 closely connected, stand close 87. ill, sick ill做表語，sick定，表均可 a sick boy 88. good, well good形容詞，well副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞 He is well again. 89. quiet, silent, still quiet安靜的，可以發(fā)出小的聲音，silent不發(fā)出聲音，但可以動(dòng)，still完全不動(dòng)，完全無聲響 He stand there still. 他站在那兒，一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，也不說話。 90. hard, hardly hard努力，hardly幾乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it. 91. able, capable 　　able與不定式to do連用，capable與of連用 He is capable of doing… 92. almost, nearly 　　二者均為"幾乎,差不多" 和否定詞連用用almost almost nobody 93. late, lately 　　late遲，晚，lately最近，近來 I haven’t seen him lately. 94. living, alive, live, lively 　　living, alive, live均為活著的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定語后置，live只能做定語，lively意為活波的 all the living people=all the people alive 95. excited, exciting 　　excited使人興奮的，exciting令人興奮的 I’m excited. The news is exciting. 96. deep, deeply 　　deep具體的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep 97. aloud, loud 　　aloud出聲地，loud大聲地 read aloud(出聲地讀) 98. worth, worthy 　　二者均為值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done 　　It is worth visiting. = It’s worthy to be visited. = It’s worthy of being visited. 99. bad, badly 　　bad形容詞，badly副詞，不好，但與need, want, require連用為"很，非常" go bad I need the book badly. 100. before long, long before 　　before long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long 101. quite, rather 　　quite完全地，相當(dāng)于completely, rather修飾比較級 quite impossible 102. happy, glad 　　happy高興，幸福，定表均可，glad高興，只能做表語 a happy girl 103. instead, instead of 　　instead是副詞，放在句首或句末，instead of是介詞短語，放在句中He didn’t see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film. 104. too much, much too 　　too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，much too后接形容詞 much too heavy 105. be about to, be going to, be to do 　　be about to表最近的將來，后面不接時(shí)間狀語，be going to 側(cè)重打算，想法，be to do側(cè)重意志，計(jì)劃，安排I’m to meet him.(含雙方事先約好的意思) 106. raise, rise 　　raise及物動(dòng)詞，rise不及物動(dòng)詞 The sun rises in the east. 107. bring, take, carry, fetch 　　bring拿來，take帶走，carry隨身攜帶，fetch去回這一往返動(dòng)作 fetch a box of chalk 108. spend, take, pay, cost 　　spend人做主語，花錢，花時(shí)間; spend…on sth./in doing sth; take物做主語，花時(shí)間; pay人做主語，花錢，pay for; cost物做主語，花錢 109. join, join in, take part in 　　join加入某個(gè)組織，并成為其中的一員；join in參加小型的活動(dòng), join sb. in；take part in 參加大型的活動(dòng) He joined the army five years ago. 110. learn, study 　　learn學(xué)習(xí)，側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，study學(xué)習(xí)，側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的過程，研究 　　study the problem 111. want, hope, wish 　　want打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望（通?？梢詫?shí)現(xiàn)），hope to do/ hope that… wish希望（通常不能實(shí)現(xiàn)）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success. 112. discover, invent, find out 　　discover發(fā)現(xiàn)本來存在但不為人所知的東西，invent發(fā)明本來不存在的物體，find out發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明 At last he found out the truth. 113. answer, reply 　　answer及物動(dòng)詞，reply不及物動(dòng)詞，后接 to reply to the letter 114. leave, leave for 　　leave離開，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai. 115. rob, steal 　　rob搶劫 rob sb. of sth.，steal偷 steal sth. from sb. 116. shoot, shoot at 　　shoot射死，shoot at瞄準(zhǔn)，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died. 117. drop, fall 　　drop及物不及物均可，fall不及物動(dòng)詞 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice. 118. search, search for 　　search后接地點(diǎn)，search for后接?xùn)|西 He searched his pocket for money. 119. used to, be used to 　　used to過去常常，be used to習(xí)慣于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用來，后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early. 120. win, lose, beat 　　win后接sth.，反義詞為lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them 121. live on, live by 　　live on以…為主食，live by靠…謀生 live on fish/ live by fishing 122. beat, hit, strike 　　beat連續(xù)性地?fù)舸颍籬it打中，對準(zhǔn)打；strike打一下或若干下 beat the wings 123. meet, meet with 　　meet遇到，meet with體驗(yàn)到，遭遇到 meet with an accident 124. lose, miss 　　lose失去（具體的物體），錯(cuò)過 sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 想念，錯(cuò)過sth. is missing, miss the chance 125. be tired of, be tired with/from 　　be tired of厭煩…，be tired with/from因?yàn)椤哿?be tired with/from running 800 meters 126. care about, care for 　　care about關(guān)心，計(jì)較，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for關(guān)心，照料，喜歡，愿意 He doesn’t care about his clothes. I don’t care for movies. 127. catch a cold, have a cold 　　catch a cold不能和表示"一段時(shí)間"的狀語連用，而have a cold可以 　　She has had a cold for a week. 128. change for, change into 　　change for調(diào)換成，change into變成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice. 129. continue, last 　　二者均為持續(xù)，continue主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)均可，last只能用主動(dòng) The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued. 130. feed, raise 　　feed喂養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活，飼養(yǎng) (to give food to)， raise飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育 (cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family 131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor 　　go for a doctor去請醫(yī)生，go to a doctor去看病 132. notice, observe, catch sight of 　　notice注意到，observe觀察，仔細(xì)地看，catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars 133. insist on, stick to 　　insist on堅(jiān)持要求，后常接doing, stick to堅(jiān)持, 后常接sth. stick to the plan 134. look, seem, appear 　　look指從外表上看，seem指內(nèi)心的判斷，appear指給人以表面的印象 appear wise, look like his father 135. gather, collect 　　gather把分散的東西集中到一起， collect指精心地、有選擇地進(jìn)行收集 collect stamps 136. mean to do, mean doing 　　mean to do打算，想要做某事，mean doing意思是，意味著 By this I mean giving the students more practice. 137. die from, die of 　　die from表示死于（槍）傷，虛弱，過度勞累，飲食過度等，die of表示死于疾病，饑餓，寒冷，年老，憂愁，失戀等精神因素 die of hunger and cold 138. pay for, pay back, pay off 　　pay for為…付錢，pay back還錢，但不一定還清，pay off還清 pay for the book, pay off the debt 139. divide, separate 　　divide把一個(gè)整體分成幾部分，separate把連在一起的個(gè)體分開 divide the apple, separate the houses 140. arrive, get, reach 　　arrive不及物動(dòng)詞，后接in (大地點(diǎn))，at(小地點(diǎn))，get不及物動(dòng)詞后接to，reach及物動(dòng)詞 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing 141. grow, plant 　　grow使某種植物在某地生長著或使其發(fā)展下去，plant移植，移栽已經(jīng)長成秧苗的植物 plant the trees, trees are growing 142. manage, try 　　manage to do設(shè)法做成了某事，try to do盡力去做某事但不一定成功 He tried to pass the exam, but he failed. 143. choose, select 　　choose憑個(gè)人的判斷力進(jìn)行選擇，select有目的地仔細(xì)認(rèn)真地選擇 choose the best answer 144. build, put up, set up, found 　　build一般用語，建成，put up臨時(shí)搭建，set up建成（內(nèi)部的設(shè)施基本齊全），found國家或組織的建成 put up a tent, set up a school 145. be familiar to, be familiar with 　　be familiar to某物對某人來說是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物 The book is familiar to me. I’m familiar with the book. 146. agree with, agree to, agree on 　　agree with同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree on在…上達(dá)成一致意見，主語是復(fù)數(shù) agree with you, agree to the plan 147. throw to, throw at 　　throw to扔到…, throw at朝…扔 He throw a stone at me. 148. receive, accept 　　receive收到某一東西，但不一定接受，accept接受 I received a gift, but I didn’t accept it. 149. wear, put on, dress 　　wear和dress表狀態(tài),wear接衣服等,可用進(jìn)行時(shí)，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表動(dòng)作 It’s cold outside. Put on your warm clothes. 150. listen, hear 　　listen強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，hear強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果 I listened, but I heard nothing. 151. look, see, watch 　　look看的動(dòng)作，see看的結(jié)果，watch強(qiáng)調(diào)所看物體的變化、移動(dòng)和發(fā)展watch TV 152. lie, lay 　　lie躺，位于(lay, lain),說謊(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book 153. work as, act as 　　work as工作是…，act as充當(dāng)某種職務(wù)或身份，或扮演某種角色 He works as a teacher. He acts as an interpreter. 154. move, remove 　　move動(dòng)一動(dòng)，但不一定移走，remove從一處移到另一處 remove the table to the kitchen 155. hurt, injure, wound 　　hurt感情上受傷，injure事故中受傷，wound戰(zhàn)爭中受傷 He was wounded in the war. 156. turn, get, grow 　　turn表突變，后常接表顏色的詞，get強(qiáng)調(diào)變的結(jié)果，grow強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，逐漸的變化 turn yellow, get tired, grow big 157. close, shut, turn off 　　close和shut當(dāng)關(guān)解時(shí)可以通用，用于可開合的物體，turn off用于指有開關(guān)的物體 Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV. 158. set out, set about, set off 　　指出發(fā)，著手解時(shí)，set out 后接 to do，set about 后接doing, set off 后接 for sp. 159. begin, start 　　begin側(cè)重時(shí)間的開始，反義詞為end，start側(cè)重由靜到動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)折，反義詞為stop Class begins at 7:30a.m. 160. happen, take place 　　happen偶然性的沒有預(yù)料到的事情的發(fā)生，take place必然性的發(fā)生 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 161. at, in (表地點(diǎn)) 　　at小地點(diǎn)，in大地點(diǎn) arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai 162. at work, in work 　　at work在工作，在上班，in work 有職業(yè)，有工作 Both my parents are at work. They are not at home. 163. increase to, increase by 　　increase to增長到…，increase by增長了… The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000. 164. at ease, with ease 　　at ease舒適地，安逸地；with ease容易地，無困難地 do it with ease 165. day after day, day by day 　　day after day日復(fù)一日（無變化）；day by day一天天地（有變化）Trees grow taller day by day. 166. like, as 　　like相似關(guān)系，但并不等同，as同一關(guān)系，兩者實(shí)為一體 Don’t treat me as a child. (In fact, I’m a child.) 167. after, in (表時(shí)間) 　　after接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，in接時(shí)間段 after 7:00, in five minutes 168. between, among 　　between兩者之間，三者或三者以上兩兩之間, among三者或三者以上之間 　　Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy. 169. after, behind (表位置) 　　after強(qiáng)調(diào)次序的先后，behind強(qiáng)調(diào)物體靜態(tài)位置的前后 There are many trees behind the house. 170. since, for (完成時(shí)間狀語) 　　since接點(diǎn)時(shí)間或一句話，for接一段時(shí)間 for three years, since 3:00 171. on the corner, in the corner, at the corner 　　on the corner物體表面的角上，in the corner物體內(nèi)部的角落里，at the corner物體外部的角落上（拐角處）on the corner of the table 172. warn sb. of, warn sb. against 　　warn sb. of提醒某人注意某事，warn sb. against提醒某人不要做某事 warm him against swimming in that part of the river 173. at peace, in peace 　　at peace平靜地，in peace和平地 live in peace with one’s neighbors 174. on earth, on the earth, in the earth 　　on earth在世上，在人間，到底，究竟，一點(diǎn)也不，on the earth在地上，在地球上，in the earth在地下，在泥土里 no use on earth 175. in surprise, to one’s surprise, by surprise 　　in surprise驚奇地，to one’s surprise使某人吃驚的是，by surprise使…驚慌 The question took the professor by surprise. 176. in the air, on the air, in the sky 　　in the air正在醞釀中，on the air播送，廣播，in the sky在天空中 His show is on the air at 6:00 tonight. 177. in the field, on the field 　　in the field在野外，on the field在戰(zhàn)場上 He lost his life on the field. 178. in the market, on the market 　　in the market表示場所或地點(diǎn)，在市場上，on the market出售 He sells fish in the market. Fresh vegetables are on the market now. 179. in the sun, under the sun 　　in the sun在陽光下，under the sun地球上，全世界 people under the sun 180. in a voice, with one voice 　　in a voice出聲地，with one voice異口同聲地 They refused with one voice. 181. through, across 　　through穿越空間，across在…上穿過 through the forest, across the desert 182. on the way, in the way 　　on the way在前往…的路上，in the way擋路 The chair is in the way. 183. above, on, over 　　above在上面，不接觸，on在上面，接觸，over在正上方 fly over the hill 184. until, not…until 　　until到…為止， not…until直到…才（常跟點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞連用）I waited until 3:00. He didn’t come until 3:00. 185. besides, except, except for 　　besides除了…還（包括在內(nèi)）except除了（不包括在內(nèi)），except for整體…除了某一點(diǎn)以外 The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 186. weather, if 　　當(dāng)是否解時(shí)，只有在賓語從句中二者可以互換，其余都用weather，當(dāng)如果解時(shí)用if I don’t know if/whether he will come. If he comes, I’ll let you know. 187. and, or 　　and并且，or或者，否則，常用于否定句中 I don’t like apples or bananas. 　　Hurry up and you’ll catch the bus. Hurry up or you’ll miss the bus. 188. because, since, as, for 　　原因由強(qiáng)到弱為：because, since/as, for. 在句中的位置如下：1)…because… 2) Since/as…, … 3) …, for… Since I was ill, I didn’t go. 189. when, as, while (表時(shí)間) 　　when從句動(dòng)詞點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞均可，as重在表示動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，伴隨進(jìn)行，while從句動(dòng)詞為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 While I slept, a thief broke in. 190. the same…as, the same…that 　　the same…as和…一樣的（相似但不同一）， the same…that 同一物體 This is the same pen that I used yesterday. (同一支筆) 191. as well, as well as 　　as well也，常放于句末，和and連用表示既…又；as well as并列連詞，不但…而且… He is a professor, and a writer as well. 192. such…as, such…that 　　such…as像…樣的，such…that如此…以至于 He is not such a fool as he looks like. He is such a good student that all the teachers like him. 193. because, because of 　　because連詞，連接兩句話，because of介詞短語，后接詞或短語 He didn’t go to school because of his illness. 194. in order that, in order to 　　表目的，in order that后接句子，in order to后接動(dòng)詞原形 I got up early in order to catch the first bus. I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 195. for example, such as 　　for example一般只列舉一個(gè)，such as列舉多個(gè)例子 I have been to a lot of American cities, such as New York, Atlanta and Chicago.