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摘 要
塑料注射模具主要用來(lái)成型熱塑性塑料制品，但近年來(lái)越來(lái)越廣泛地用于成型熱固性塑料制品。
設(shè)計(jì)注射模具時(shí)，既要考慮塑料熔體流動(dòng)行為等塑料加工工藝要求方面的問(wèn)題，又要考慮模具制造裝配等模具結(jié)構(gòu)方面的問(wèn)題，歸納起來(lái)大致有以下幾個(gè)方面：
(1) 了解塑料熔體的流動(dòng)行為，考慮塑料在流道和型腔各處流動(dòng)的阻力，流動(dòng)速度，校驗(yàn)最大流動(dòng)長(zhǎng)度。根據(jù)塑料在模具內(nèi)流動(dòng)方向(即充模順序)，考慮塑料在模具內(nèi)重新熔合和模腔內(nèi)原有空氣導(dǎo)出的問(wèn)題。
(2) 考慮冷卻過(guò)程中塑料收縮及補(bǔ)縮問(wèn)題。
(3) 通過(guò)模具設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)控制塑料在模具內(nèi)結(jié)晶、取向和改善制品的內(nèi)應(yīng)力。
(4) 進(jìn)澆點(diǎn)和分型面的選擇問(wèn)題。
(5) 制件的橫向分型抽芯及頂出的問(wèn)題。
(6) 模具的冷卻或加熱問(wèn)題。
(7) 模具有關(guān)尺寸與所有注射機(jī)的關(guān)系，包括與注射機(jī)的最大注射量、鎖模力、裝模部分的尺寸等的關(guān)系。
(8) 模具總體結(jié)構(gòu)和零件形狀要簡(jiǎn)單合理，模具應(yīng)具有適當(dāng)?shù)木?、光潔度、?qiáng)度和剛度，易于制造和裝配。
以上這些問(wèn)題，并非孤立存在，而是相互影響的，應(yīng)綜合加以考慮。
關(guān)鍵詞：型芯、型腔、澆口、澆注系統(tǒng)、脫模機(jī)構(gòu)
ABSTRACT
Plastic injection mold is mainly used to molding thermoplastic plastics, but in recent years, more and more widely used for thermosetting plastic molding products.
Design of injection mould, should not only consider the plastic melt flow behavior and other plastic processing technical requirements problems, such as manufacturing and assembly of the die is to consider the mould structure, roughly classified into the following several aspects:
(1) to understand the plastic melt flow behavior, considering plastic throughout the runner and cavity flow resistance, flow velocity, flow check maximum length. According to the plastic flow in mould (that is, the molding order), considering the plastic in the mold to the fusion and cavity within the original air export problem.
(2) considering the cooling process of plastic shrinkage and feeding problems.
(3) through the mould design to control the plastic in the mold of crystallization, orientation and internal stress of improved products.
(4) into the pour point and parting surface selection problem.
(5) parts of horizontal parting core-pulling and ejection.
(6) the mould cooling or heating problem.
(7) all mold size and the relationship between the injection machine, including the maximum number of injection and injection machine, clamping force, the size of the mould parts, etc.
(8) mould overall structure and the shape of parts is simple and reasonable, the mould should have appropriate precision, smoothness, strength and stiffness, easy to manufacture and assembly.
Above these problems, does not exist in isolation, but influence each other, should be integrated into consideration.
Keywords: core, cavity, gate, gating system and demoulding mechanism
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