（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 四 文章出處或讀者對(duì)象題學(xué)案 新人教版

《（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 四 文章出處或讀者對(duì)象題學(xué)案 新人教版》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 四 文章出處或讀者對(duì)象題學(xué)案 新人教版（16頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、四、文章出處或讀者對(duì)象題 (2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ，D) Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers. A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0－25 drops of water or juice as a reward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined

2、—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward. Here’showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone，wholedtheteam，describedtheexperiment：Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen，asymbolwouldappear，andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample，thenumber7wouldfl

3、ashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice; iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample. Afterrunninghundredsoftests，theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgofortheh

4、ighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime，indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation，notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination. Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely，theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing

5、，forexample，a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic：Whenaddingtwonumbers，themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo，andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分) ofthesmallernumbertoit. “Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains，”DrLivingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimen

6、twhatthey’redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.” 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院科學(xué)家Margaret Livingstone帶領(lǐng)他的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論：猴子能算算術(shù)，且它們對(duì)大數(shù)值的關(guān)注勝過(guò)小數(shù)值。 32．Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem? A．Theyfedthem. B．Theynamedthem. C．Theytrainedthem. D．Theymeasuredthem. 答案　C 解析　

7、細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0－25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.”可知答案為C。 33．Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment? A．Bydrawingacircle. B．Bytouchingascreen. C．Bywatchingvideos. D．Bymix

8、ingtwodrinks. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice; iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.”可知答案為B。 34．WhatdidLivingstone’steamfindaboutthemonkeys? A．Theycouldperformbasicaddition.

9、 B．Theycouldunderstandsimplewords. C．Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily. D．Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，研究人員在進(jìn)行了數(shù)百次測(cè)試后發(fā)現(xiàn)，猴子多半時(shí)候會(huì)選擇更高的值，這表明它們是在進(jìn)行計(jì)算，而不僅僅是記憶每個(gè)組合的值。故選A。 35．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear? A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Education. D．Science. 答

10、案　D 解析　文章出處題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文講述了科學(xué)家們通過(guò)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出猴子能夠算算術(shù)的結(jié)論。由此可知，該文章可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的科學(xué)版上。故選D。 一、題型解讀 幾乎所有話題都可能涉及文章出處、文章類別或讀者對(duì)象題。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有： (1)Thispassagewouldprobably/mostlikelybefoundin. (2)Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom/outof. (3)Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom? (4)Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor. (5)Whattypeo

11、fwritingisthispassage? 二、解題技巧——內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)巧判斷 1．利用內(nèi)容判斷文章出處 (1)文章前面有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱→newspaper (2)推銷介紹新產(chǎn)品→advertisement (3)文章中有clickhere等網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語(yǔ)→website (4)旅游勝地方面的介紹→travelguide (5)時(shí)尚、名人或娛樂(lè)方面的介紹→magazine/journal/entertainmentsection (6)科普知識(shí)→sciencereport (7)文化教育類文章→educationsection 2．利用內(nèi)容判斷文章類別 (1)旅游景點(diǎn)方面

12、的介紹：travelguide (2)新產(chǎn)品/新書(shū)/新影片/演出介紹：advertisement (3)活動(dòng)介紹：notice/announcement (4)文章前面有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱：news (5)科普知識(shí)/研究介紹：science report/studyreport 3．確定讀者對(duì)象 先確定文章主題，再根據(jù)文章具體細(xì)節(jié)判斷讀者對(duì)象。 例如：【真題感悟】中第35題，通讀整篇文章可知，該文介紹的是哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家MargaretLivingstone帶領(lǐng)他的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)猴子進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的研究結(jié)果。這屬于“科學(xué)研究”范疇，故該文應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的“科學(xué)”板塊。故選D項(xiàng)。

13、 A (2019·湖北十堰模擬) Youknowthefeelingthatyouhaveleftyourphoneathomeandfeelanxious，asifyouhavelostyourconnectiontotheworld.“Nomophobia”(無(wú)手機(jī)恐懼癥) 8affectsteenagersandadultsalike.Youcanevendoanonlinetesttoseeifyouhaveit.Lastweek，researchersfromHongKongwarnedthatnomophobiaisinfectingeveryone.Theirstudyfo

14、undthatpeoplewhousetheirphonestostore，shareand1accesspersonalmemoriessuffermost.Whenuserswereaskedtodescribehowtheyfeltabouttheirphones，wordssuchas“hurt” (neckpainwasoftenreported) and“alone”predictedhigherlevelsofnomophobia. “Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedsel

15、vesandget2attachedtothedevices，”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhen9separatedfromtheirphones.”Meanwhile，anAmericanstudyshowsthatsmartphoneseparationcanleadtoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure. Socanbeingwithoutyourphonereallygiveyouseparationanxiety？ProfessorM

16、arkGriffiths，psychologistanddirectoroftheInternationalGamingResearchUnitatNottinghamTrentUniversity，saysitiswhatisonthephonethat4counts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo (fearofmissingout)． “WearetalkingaboutanInternet-connecteddevicethatallowspeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives，”saysGriffit

17、hs.“Youwouldhavetosurgicallyremoveaphonefromateenagerbecausetheirwholelifeisrootedinthisdevice.” 11Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory，wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives，isasmallpartofnomophobia.For“screenagers”，itisFomothatcreatesthemostseparationanxiety.Iftheyc

18、an’tseewhat’shappeningonSnapchator，theybecomepanic-strickenaboutnotknowingwhat’sgoingonsocially.“Buttheyadaptveryquicklyifyoutakethemonholidayandthere’snoInternet，”saysGriffiths. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文為說(shuō)明文。當(dāng)今社會(huì)的許多人成了手機(jī)控，只要手機(jī)不在身邊就會(huì)出現(xiàn)無(wú)手機(jī)恐懼癥，會(huì)感到焦慮不安，好像失去了與世界的聯(lián)系。這是因?yàn)槿藗儼阎悄苁謾C(jī)當(dāng)作存儲(chǔ)、分享和訪問(wèn)他人、與朋友聯(lián)系的一種工具。 1．Whichofthefoll

19、owingmayDrKimKiJoonagreewith? A．Wewastetoomuchtimeonphones. B．Phoneshavebecomepartofsomeusers. C．Addictiontophonesmakesmemoriessuffer. D．Phonesandbloodpressurearecloselylinked. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三、四句，第二段中的“usersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices”及最后一段第三句可知，現(xiàn)在的

20、手機(jī)已成為許多人生活的一部分了，分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。 2．AccordingtoGriffiths，wegetnomophobiabecause. A．weareaccustomedtohavingaphoneonus B．weneedourphonestohelpusstoreinformation C．weworrywemaymissoutwhatourfriendsaredoing D．wefearwithoutphoneswewillrunintoalotoftrouble 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“...itiswhatisontheph

21、onethatcounts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo (fearofmissingout)．”可知，社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓人們害怕錯(cuò)過(guò)朋友們發(fā)的東西，擔(dān)心不知道朋友在做什么，分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)正確。 3．Wherecanyouprobablyfindtheabovepassage? A．Inaresearchreport. B．Inafashionbrochure. C．Inasciencetextbook. D．Inapopularsciencemagazine. 答案　D 解析　文章出處題。本文主要敘述了當(dāng)今社會(huì)的許多人已成為手機(jī)控及他們成為手機(jī)

22、控的原因。有的人只要手機(jī)不在身邊就會(huì)出現(xiàn)無(wú)手機(jī)恐懼癥，感到焦慮不安，好像失去了與世界的聯(lián)系，這是因?yàn)橹悄苁謾C(jī)是人們存儲(chǔ)、分享和訪問(wèn)他人、與朋友聯(lián)系的一種工具。這種文章一般會(huì)出現(xiàn)在科普雜志上。故選D項(xiàng)。 B (2019·山東臨沂質(zhì)檢) Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips，yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions. VaticanMuseums：VaticanCity TheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachy

23、ear，andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson，seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia，recommendschoosinga3skip-the-linetour.“Thisnotonlyletsyouavoidtheticketcounter，butalsoincludestheuseofaprivatepartnerentrance.”ExtratimetovisittheSistineChapel? Yes! BambooForest：Kyoto，Japan BambooFo

24、restisthemostworthysightinKyoto.Ifyou’re10longingtoenjoythepathwaysandtakepicturesintotalquietness，KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible—think7a．m.ifyou’reupforit.Don’tmissthesehiddentreasuresyoucanonly5witnessinJapan. ChichenItza：Yucatán，M

25、exico HometoElCastilloandtheTempleoftheWarriors，ChichenItzaisamust-see.Wanttobeattherush? Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.Ledbyanarchaeologistguide，it’sfulloffascinatinginsightsandfacts—withouttonsofpack-wearingtourists. LouvreMuseum：Paris，F(xiàn)rance TheLouvreisoneofthemo

26、stpopularmuseumsontheplanet.12Ifwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisn’tthewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis，consider6purchasinga7reservedticket.Thiswillgiveyouentrytothepyramidwithinahalf-hourwindow.TheLouvreisalsoopenuntil9∶45pmonWednesdaysandFridays，ifyou’reupforsomelate-nightartvisits. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是一則廣告。文章介

27、紹了四個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)，提供給“為趕在高峰之前到達(dá)的游客”。 4．WhatisrecommendedatVaticanMuseumsbyChristieHudson? A．Queuingforfourhours. B．Jumpingthewaitingline. C．Takingaskip-the-linetour. D．VisitingtheSistineChapel. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VaticanMuseums：VaticanCity的第一、二句“TheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachyear，andqueue

28、scanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson，seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia，recommendschoosingaskip-the-linetour.”可知答案為C。 5．Whichofthefollowingareavailableforearlytouriststoavoidtherush? A．VaticanMuseumsandBambooForest. B．ChichenItzaandBambooForest. C．BambooForestandLouvreMuseum. D．C

29、hichenItzaandLouvreMuseum. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)BambooForest：Kyoto，Japan中的“KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible”和ChichenItza：Yucatán，Mexico中的“Wanttobeattherush? Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.”可知選B。 6．Whomightthi

30、spassagebeintendedfor? A．Visitorsinterestedinmuseums. B．Guidesatthetouristattractions. C．Peopleattheticketcounter. D．Touriststobeattherush. 答案　D 解析　讀者對(duì)象題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips，yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions.”可知，這篇文章可能是寫(xiě)給“為趕在高峰之前到達(dá)的游客”。故

31、選D。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫(huà)線部分的意思 1．Insomelessdevelopedareas，peopleareeagertoaccesstomedicalcare.使用 2．Thoughfarawayfromherhome，sheisveryattachedtoherfamilyandfriends.依戀 3．Whatpercentageofyourclassmatesregularlyskipbreakfast，themostimportantmealoftheday？跳過(guò)，不做 (二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換 4．Itisnothowmuchyo

32、ureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.matters/makesadifference 5．Shehadthegiftofwordstohelphergetthroughthehardship，heartacheandmajorsocialchangesshehadtowitnessfirsthand.see 6．Tabletsareespeciallyusefulforcollegestudentsbecausestudentscanpurchasee-booksordigital(數(shù)字的) versionsoftextbooksandstorethemallino

33、neveryportableplace.buy 7．Adoubleroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheseahadbeenreservedforhim.booked (三)一詞多義 8．a(chǎn)ffectv．影響；使感動(dòng)；使感染 (1) Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestorysharedbythehomelessboy.v.使感動(dòng) (2)Withofficialaid，thoseaffectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.v.影響 (3)Diseasesaffectalmosteve

34、ryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.v.使感染 9．separateadj.單獨(dú)的，分開(kāi)的v．分離；區(qū)分；隔開(kāi) (1)EnglandisseparatedfromFrancebytheChannel.v.隔開(kāi) (2)Thecapacitytothinkseparateshumansfromotheranimals.v.區(qū)分 (3)Useseparateknivesforrawandcookedmeat.adj.單獨(dú)的，分開(kāi)的 (4)Aswejoinedthebigcrowd，Igotseparatedfrommyfriends.v.分離 10．longa

35、dj.長(zhǎng)的；長(zhǎng)期的adv.長(zhǎng)期地；長(zhǎng)久地v．渴望 (1)Itdidn’ttakelongtorepairthetable.adv.長(zhǎng)期地 (2)Daisyhadalwayslongedtohelpendangeredspeciesofwildlife.v.渴望 (3)Theagreementshouldhaveverypositiveresultsinthelongterm.adj.長(zhǎng)期的 Ⅱ.長(zhǎng)難句理解 11．Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory，wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseithol

36、dsdetailsofourlives，isasmallpartofnomophobia. [句式分析]　本句是主從復(fù)合句，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是thinks，后面的attachmenttheoryis...asmallpartofnomophobia是賓語(yǔ)從句。在該賓語(yǔ)從句中，where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞theory；because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，其中的holds表示“持有”。 [精美譯文]　格里菲斯認(rèn)為，依戀理論是無(wú)手機(jī)恐懼癥的一小部分。根據(jù)依戀理論，我們對(duì)手機(jī)產(chǎn)生情感依賴，因?yàn)槭謾C(jī)掌握著我們生活的細(xì)節(jié)。 12．Ifwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisn’t

37、thewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis，considerpurchasingareservedticket. [句式分析]　本句是主從復(fù)合句。if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句是一個(gè)祈使句。在該if從句中，waitingaroundinlinetogetin作主語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需要用單數(shù)形式。 [精美譯文]　如果在巴黎逗留時(shí)，你不喜歡排隊(duì)等候進(jìn)入，那就考慮提前訂票。 強(qiáng)化練(十五) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·河南六市一模) Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions，ther

38、e’salwaystheriskyou’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.Butthedaysofhavingtoquicklycloseyoursunroofcouldsoonbeathingofthepast，thankstoJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnology. Thefirmisdevelopingcarsthatcanadaptautomaticallybyclosingwindowsandroofsorstartingtheheateriftheydetectbadweatherisontheway.Theweat

39、herforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure，humidity(濕度) andlightsensors(傳感器) tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.Carsequippedwiththesystemcouldmakeslightchangestotheairconditioningifitfindstheweatherisgettingwarmerduringajourneyorincreasethecabintemperatureifitwillgetcolder. Th

40、eforecastmayindicatethereisapossibilityofoneormoreweatherconditions，suchasrain，withinaperiodoftime，suchasfiveminutes.Thevehiclemaythenadapttothelocalweatherconditions.Inparticular，itmaycloseoneormorewindows，orclosearoofofthevehicleinresponsetoaforecastofrain.Similarly，windowscouldbedarkenedusingelec

41、trochromic(電致變色的) glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast. Althoughitisunclearwhetherthistechnologywillmakeitswaytoaproductionvehicleanytimesoon，suchasystemwouldbeadvantageousonautonomousvehicles.Sincethere’snohumandriverpresent，thesystemwillallowthevehicletomakeitcomfortableforitspassen

42、gers，basedoncurrentweatherconditions.Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了捷豹路虎公司最新的一項(xiàng)技術(shù)，它的天氣預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)通過(guò)傳感器來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)天氣變化并對(duì)車輛自身進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 1．HowwillJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnologybenefitdrivers? A．Vehiclescanautomaticallydrivethemselves. B．Vehiclescanfindpositionsand

43、routesthemselves. C．Vehiclescanactasmobileweatherforecastingstations. D．Vehiclescanopenwindowsandsunroofsautomatically. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，捷豹路虎最新的技術(shù)可以讓車輛像移動(dòng)的天氣預(yù)報(bào)站一樣，幫助車輛預(yù)測(cè)天氣變化并調(diào)整車身以適應(yīng)變化，從而造福駕駛員。故C選項(xiàng)正確。 2．Whatisthefeatureoftheglassofavehiclewiththenewtechnology? A．Itcanhelpadjusttheinside

44、temperature. B．Itcanstillbeclearinrainydays. C．Itistoostrongtobreakintopieces. D．Itscolourcanchangewiththesunshine. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“Similarly，windowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(電致變色的) glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.”可知，采用新技術(shù)的汽車玻璃的顏色會(huì)隨著陽(yáng)光而改變。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 3．Whatcanwek

45、nowabouttheweatherforecastingsystemfromthetext? A．Itisintelligentenoughtostopraining. B．Itmakesthedrivermorecomfortable. C．Itcan’tpredicttheweatheraccurately. D．Itmakesautonomouscarssaferinbadweather. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段末句“Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnow is coming.”可知，天氣預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)使得

46、無(wú)人駕駛汽車在惡劣天氣下更安全。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 4．Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom? A．Abookreview. B．Asciencereport. C．Asciencefictionstory. D．Atravelbrochure. 答案　B 解析　文章出處題。文章介紹了捷豹路虎公司最新的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)技術(shù)，因此本文應(yīng)該出自一份科學(xué)報(bào)道。故B選項(xiàng)正確。 B (2019·遼寧沈陽(yáng)市郊聯(lián)體一模) DowomenmakeBETTERastronauts？Russialocksanall-femalecrewinspacesimulator(太空模擬器) f

47、oreightdaystofindout.SixRussianwomenhavebeensentintoaspaceshiptobeginauniqueexperimenttestinghowanall-femalecrewwouldrelatetoothersonatriptotheMoonandback. “It’sinterestingforustoseewhatisspecialaboutthewayafemalecrewcommunicates，”saidSergeiPonomaryov，theexperiment’sleader.“Itwillbeparticularlyinte

48、restingintermsofpsychology，”saidtheinstitute’sdirectorIgorUshakov.“I’dliketowishyoualackofconflicts，eventhoughtheysaythatinonekitchen，twohousewivesfindithardtolivetogether，”headded. Thevolunteersincludescientificresearchers，adoctorandapsychologist.Thetestperiodsimulates(模仿) aflighttotheMoonandback，

49、withthewomencarryingout10experimentscoveringpsychologyandhumanbiology.Russiasentthefirstwomanintospace，ValentinaTereshkova，in1963buthasfallenbehindsince.Lastyear，itsentitsfourthfemaleastronautintospace，YelenaSerova.SerovacomplainedofagreatdealofmediainterestinhowshewouldwashherhairaboardtheInternati

50、onalSpaceStation，pointingoutthatmaleastronautsdidnotfacethesamelineofquestioning. Thewomenfoundthemselvesfieldingquestionsatapressconferenceabouthowtheywouldactwithoutmenormakeupforeightdays.“Weareverybeautifulwithoutmakeup，”saidparticipantDaryaKomissarova.HercolleagueAnnaKussmaulwasmoredirect：“Wea

51、redoingwork.Whenyou’redoingyourwork，youdon’tthinkaboutmenandwomen.”Theyplantospendtheirfreetimewatchingfilms，readingandplayingboardgames.TeamleaderYelenaLuchnitskayasaidsheexpectedthewomentodealwithanyconflict. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文屬于科普說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了俄羅斯做的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于女性是否能成為更好的宇航員的實(shí)驗(yàn)。 5．Inwhichcolumncanyoufindthispassageon

52、awebsite? A．Education. B．Entertainment. C．Science. D．Economy. 答案　C 解析　文章出處題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章涉及太空實(shí)驗(yàn)的問(wèn)題，所以可推知，從網(wǎng)站的“科學(xué)”欄目中能夠看到此文。故選C。 6．What’sthepurposeoftheexperiment? A．Toshowthatwomencandobetterthanmen. B．Totestwhetherwomencanbegoodastronauts. C．Togatherinformationabouttheconditionsinspace. D．To

53、measurethedistancefromtheearthtothemoon. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句和第三句可知，本實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的在于驗(yàn)證女性在太空中如何表現(xiàn)及她們能否成為更好的宇航員。故選B。 7．WhatdoweknowfromwhatIgorUshakovsaid? A．Womencannotlivepeacefullyinspaceatall. B．Theremaybeconflictsamongthewomenastronauts. C．Thefemalecrewwilldealwitheachotherinanewway. D．Beinginth

54、esamekitchenhelpsthewomenlivetogether. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，IgorUshakov提到有些人說(shuō)在一個(gè)廚房里兩個(gè)家庭主婦都無(wú)法很好相處，那么在太空中女宇航員在空間極其有限的情況下可能會(huì)偶爾沖突。而且關(guān)鍵信息句“I’dliketowishyoualackofconflicts”也表達(dá)出了IgorUshakov對(duì)女宇航員間發(fā)生小摩擦的預(yù)估。故選B。 8．Whichofthefollowingwasoncesentintospace? A．SergeiPonomaryov. B．DaryaKomissarova. C．A

55、nnaKussmaul. D．ValentinaTereshkova. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Russiasentthefirstwomanintospace，ValentinaTereshkova，in1963buthasfallenbehindsince.”可知，ValentinaTereshkova曾經(jīng)被送入太空。故選D。 C (2018·浙江新高考名校聯(lián)考信息卷五) Evenbeforewewereborn，weknewourmother’svoiceandcoulddistinguishitfromothervoices.That’soneofth

56、ekeyfindingsofanongoingresearchprojectbyCanadianandChineseresearchers.Theresearchsuggeststhatwhilewearestillinthewomb(子宮)，ourbrainsarelearningspeechpatternsandlayingthegroundworkforlanguageacquisition.“Beforebirth，thebrainisbeingsetuptolearnlanguage，”saysBarbaraKisilevsky，whoconductedtheresearch. I

57、thadalreadybeenknownthatnewbornbabiesshowapreferencefortheirmother’svoice，butherlatestresearchshowstheyalsopreferthatfamiliarsoundwhilestillinthewomb.KisilevskycarriedoutthefirstlegoftheresearchinChina，becauseshealreadyhadaresearchprojectunderwaythereandthisfitnicelywiththatwork. Workingwithresearc

58、hersatZhejiangUniversity，Kisilevskytested60womeninthefinalstageofpregnancy.Allthemothersweretape-recordedastheyreadapoemoutloud.Thenthemothersweredividedintotwogroups.Halfthefetuses(胎兒) heardtherecordingoftheirownmother.Theotherhalfheardthatofanothermother，butnottheirown. Inbothcases，thepoemcauseda

59、changeinthebaby’sheartrate.Theheartrateacceleratedamongthosewhoheardtheirownmother’svoice，anddeceleratedamongthosewhoheardavoiceotherthanthatoftheirmother’s. Decelerationoftheheartrateis“anattentionmechanism(機(jī)制)”，Kisilevskysays.Theheartbeatamongfetuseswhoheardanunfamiliarvoicesloweddown，shesays，bec

60、ausetheywerepayingcloseattentiontoavoicetheydidnotrecognize.Thefactthattheheartbeatchangedinbothcases—upforMom，downforsomeoneelse—showsthefetuses“noticedbothvoices”，shesays，andcouldtellonefromtheother. Bytheway，thepoemisimmaterialhere.Kisilevskysuspectsshewouldhavehadthesameresultsifthemothershadbe

61、enreadingaphonebook.“It’snotthecontentthatthefetusesrecognized，”shesays.“Weallhaveourownwayoftalking.Westopatdifferenttimes，takebreathsatdifferenttimes，andthat’swhattheyarerecognizing.” 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)胎兒對(duì)聲音的識(shí)別的研究。 9.Whatledtothechangeinfetuses’heartrateacccordingtotheresearch? A．Theirfa

62、miliaritywiththevoice. B．Thequalityoftherecordings. C．Theircuriosityabouteverything. D．Thecontentofthepoemrecorded. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，胎兒在聽(tīng)到不熟悉的聲音時(shí)，它們的心跳會(huì)減慢，因?yàn)樗鼈儼迅嗟淖⒁饬Ψ旁诹怂鼈儾荒茏R(shí)別的這個(gè)聲音上。由此可知，在研究中，胎兒對(duì)聲音的熟悉度的不同導(dǎo)致了它們心率的變化。故選A。 10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph? A．Adultstalkinawayqui

63、tedifferentfrombabies. B．Kisilevskyfirmlybelievesherfindingsareapplicable. C．Speechpatternsarewhatfetusesrecognizeintellingvoices. D．Differentexperimentalmaterialscanleadtodifferentresults. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后兩句可知，胎兒在辨別聲音時(shí)識(shí)別的是人們的說(shuō)話方式，即他們的語(yǔ)言模式。故選C。 11．Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwerea

64、dthispassage? A．Medicine. B．Lifestyle. C．Education. D．Science. 答案　D 解析　文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)胎兒對(duì)聲音的識(shí)別的研究，它最可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的科學(xué)專欄上。 Ⅱ.七選五 (2019·廣東深圳高級(jí)中學(xué)適應(yīng)性考試) Youforgottosetyourwake-upalarm.Asyouslowlycometorealizethatyou’regoingtobeextremelylateforschoolorwork，youbegintogetintoapanic.12Soyouleavehom

65、estressed，hungryandthirsty.Ifyouoftenstartyourdayinsuchastressedstate，thenyou’llbesuretobenefitfromthesuggestionsbelow. Wakeupontime.Wakingupontime(orevenearly) isnecessarytostartyourdaypositively.13Andyouwon’tneedtorusharoundatthelastminute. Makeyourbed.Makingyourbedisprobablythelastthingyouthink

66、aboutwhenyouarepreparedinthemorning.Thishabitmaybeokayforstudents，butifyouwanttoincreaseyourmotivationandproductivity，youshoulddefinitelymakeyourbed.14 Takea10-minutewalkinthemorning.Ifyouhaveadog，thenthiswillbeaneasytaskforyou.However，evenifyoudon’townadog，whynottrywalkingfor10minutesoutsideeverymorning? 15 16Organizedpeopletendtodothiswork.Ithelpsthemkeeptrackofwhatneedsdoingathome，workandbeyond.Themorningtimeisperfectforcheckingyourto-dolist.Youmayalsofindthatyoucandeletesomeitemst