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1、 定語從句講與練
一、 定語的概念：
定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。
我們先試試用橫線劃出下面短語中的定語，再在后面的括號里注明是什么在作定語 a beautiful girl （ ） three boys （ ）
a shoe factory （ ） Jim’s father ( )
2、
our teacher ( ) the man in the car （ ）
the man standing at the door （ ） the man who is talking with Sam （ ）
二、定語從句的概念
1． 定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。
2． 被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后。
3． 引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞, 代替先行詞。
請劃出下列句子中的定語從句、先行詞及關系詞：
3、The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
定語從句的主要特征：
（1） 關系詞要在從句中充當一定的成分；
（2）what永遠不能引導定語從句；
（3）翻譯時先譯從句，翻譯成“…….的”
三、定語從句的基本用法：
定語從句的引導詞
關系代詞（6）
關系副詞（3）
（一） 關系代詞引導的定語從句
1．who 指______，在定語從句中作____語，有時也作____語(可省略)。
The boys who are playing fo
4、otball are from Class One.
分析：先行詞:__________; 關系代詞:______在從句中作_____語, who不能_________。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
分析：先行詞:__________; 關系代詞:______在從句中作_____語, who不能_________。
Mr smith who you met yester
5、day is my friend.
分析：先行詞:__________; 關系代詞:______在從句中作_____語, who可以_________。
You needn’t talk to the people who you don’t like talking to.
分析：先行詞:__________; 關系代詞:______在從句中作_____語, who可以_________。
2．whom 指____，在定語從句中做___語，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person (
6、whom ) you talked about on the bus.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系代詞:______在從句中作_____語, 可以_________。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系代詞:______在從句中作_____語, 可以_________。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
7、
3. whose 通常指_____，也可指_____，在定語從句中做______語。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系代詞:_________在從句中作_____語, 相當于_____________.
I lost the book whose cover was blue.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系代詞:_________在從句中作____
8、_語, 相當于_____________.
注意： 常用下列結構來代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. ＝
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? ＝
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
9、
自己總結一下：在定語從句中，whose + 名詞＝ ___________________________
4．which 指______，在定語從句中做_____語或______語，做_______語時?？墒÷浴?
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系代詞:______在從句中作_____語, _______省略。
The factory which makes computers is far away from
10、 here.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系代詞:______在從句中作_____語, _______省略。
This is the pen which he bought yesterday.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系代詞:______在從句中作_____語, _______省略。
The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all.
分析：先行詞:_____________;
11、關系代詞:______在從句中作_____語, _______省略。
5．that 引導定語從句時，既可以指____，也可以指____。指人時，相當于who 或whom；指物時，相 當于which.。在定語從句中作____語或_____語，作賓語時?？墒÷?。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系代詞:______在從句中作_____語, _______省略。
12、 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系代詞:______在從句中作_____語, _______省略。
練習：
The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind.
The season that / comes after spring is summer.
(二) 關系副詞引導的定語從句
1．
13、when 指時間，在定語從句中作_______________。?？梢杂胕n/on/at which代替。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系副詞:______在從句中作________語,相當于_______________.
The time when we got together finally arrived.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系副詞:______在
14、從句中作________語,相當于_______________.
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：1.___________________________________________
2.___________________________________________
Do you remember the years
15、when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.
把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：1.___________________________________________
2.___________________________________________
2．where 指地點，在定語從句中作__________。?？捎胕n/on/at which代替。
Lanzhou is the city where I was
16、 born.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系副詞:______在從句中作________語,相當于_______________.
把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：1.___________________________________________
2.___________________________________________
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
17、 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系副詞:______在從句中作________語,相當于_______________.
把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：1.___________________________________________
2.___________________________________________
注意：
當先行詞是stage, situation, occasion, point時，且又在從句中作狀語時，常用where來引導定語從句。
18、Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed（尷尬）.
He has reached a point where nobody can compare with him.
3. why 指原因，在定語從句中作____________。?？捎胒or which來代替。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系副詞:______在從句
19、中作________語,相當于_______________.
把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：1.___________________________________________
2.___________________________________________
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.
分析：先行詞:_____________; 關系副詞:______在從句中作________語,相當于_______________
20、.
把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：1.___________________________________________
2.___________________________________________
總結：關系副詞引導的定語從句經(jīng)常可以用“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句來表示。如：
I will never forget the moment when (=______________) the blind students moved us.
21、 Great changes are taking place in the city where (=______________) they live.
The reason why (=______________) he refused the invitation is quite clear.
四、 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句舉例：
The teacher told me Tom was the only person that
22、 I could depend on.
China is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定語從句舉例 ：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings
23、are held every year.
注意1：
在非限制性定語從句中，有時which所指代的先行詞是前面的整個句子。
Xiao Li came to see me off, which was very kind of her.
He didn’t pass the exam, which surprised us.
注意2：引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞不可用that，
指人時用who(主語),whom(賓語且不省)，指物時須用which.
注意3：as 與which引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
The earth is round,
24、 which is known to everyone. 譯：____________________________________
The earth is round, as is known to everyone. 譯：____________________________________
總結：1. 意義不同_____________________________________________
2. Which引導的非限定從句只能放在主句后，而as引導的非限定從句_____________________
五． 定語從句考查重點：
25、
（一）先行詞是物時，定語從句在下列情況下只能用that，而不能用which。
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.
All that can be done has been done.
There is little that I can do for you.
He stayed in the library and l
26、ooked up any information that they needed.
總結：1. 當先行詞是__________詞everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, some,much等代詞時，或當先行詞被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
The first place that th
27、ey visited in London was the Big Ben.
總結：2. 當先行詞被______________________________________________修飾時。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
總結：3. 當先行詞被the same, the last____________________________
28、________修飾時。
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
總結：4. 當先行詞既有______又有______時。
Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me m
29、ost?
口訣記憶法：____________ ,_______________.
總結：在who,或which引導的__________問中。
思考：什么時候只能which 而不能用that呢？
1.在________________中
2.在____________之后。
（二）“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句
關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關系代詞”引出。
The school (which / that) he once studied in is very f
30、amous.
＝The school ______________ he once studied is very famous.
This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.
＝This is the boy________________I played tennis yesterday.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.
＝We’ll
31、 go to hear the famous singer __________________we have often talked.
The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
＝The manager ________________ I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
注意：
１． 含有介詞的固定短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面
32、。
如：look for, look after, take care of, give up等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正)
This is the watch for which I am looking . (誤)
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. ( )
The babies after whom the nurse is
33、 looking are very healthy. （ ）
２．若介詞放在關系代詞前，指人時只可用whom；指物時只可用which.
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正)
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (誤)
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ( )
The plane in t
34、hat we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ( )
３．有時介詞前有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等詞。
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
There are for
35、ty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
（四） 當先行詞被one of 和the only one of修飾時的區(qū)別
He is one of the students who ________ never late. 譯：________________________
36、 He is the only one of the students who ________ never late. 譯：_________________
（五） 當先行詞是when, where, why時的正確使用。
I will never forget the days ______________________ we climbed the mountain together.
I will never forget the days ______________________ we spent together.
37、 We visited the house _______________________ Lu Xun used to live.
We visited the house ______________________ Lu Xun used to live in.
This is the reason ______ ______________ he was unhappy.
This is the reason _____________________ he explained to me.
（六） 當先
38、行詞被such, the same 修飾時，關系詞常用as。
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽過象他講的這樣的故事。
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。
注意區(qū)別：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
39、她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過的同一條連衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的連衣裙。
（七） 當先行詞為the way時，通常由in which或that引導，也可省略。
The way __________________________he answered the questions was surprising.
I don’t like the way__________________________ you laugh at her.
40、
提升練習：
1.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_____________ urgently needed clean water.
A．which B．Who C．where D．what
2．It is the third time that she has won the race,_____________ has surprised us all.
A．That B．Where C．which D．what
3. The prize wil
41、l go to the writer_____________ story shows the most imagination.
A．That B．Which C．whose D．what
4. By 16：30,_____________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A．Which B．When C．what D．that
5. We live in an age_____________ more information is avail
42、able to everyone..
A．Why B．When C．to whom D．on which
6. Sales director is a position_____________ communication ability is just as important as sales.
A．Which B．That C．when D．where
7．(2012·山東高考)Maria has written two novels, both of_________ have been made into television ser
43、ies.
A．Them B．That C．which D．what
8．(2012·四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,_____________ half wear glasses.
A．in whom B．in them C．of whom D．of them
9. (2012·天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without______ help I would never have got this far.
A．Who B．Whose C．
44、whom D．which
10．The employment of college students，_____________is clearly shown in the study, has improved over the past two years.
A．This B．it C．a(chǎn)s D．what
11.The film Jane Eyre，_______ Jane was a strong character, was adapted from the novel of the same title.
A．Where B．Which
45、 C．who D．a(chǎn)s
12.—We choose this country and want to work here.
—So we have to deal with any situation_____________we meet in the country.
A．Who B．That C．where D．if
13. There was a tree in front of the house，______ owner was seen sitting under it..
A．Where B．Whose C．which D．that
46、
14. The old lady, all of__children had been killed in the earthquake, was given help by the local government.
A．Her B．Whom C．whose D．which
15.I like my English teacher because he can always create an atmosphere_________ all the students feel relaxed..
A．That B．When C．where D．which
定語從句學案 (2)
