大作文寫作步驟英語寫作指導(dǎo)

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1、大作文寫作步驟： 1. 看標(biāo)題，找主語（數(shù)量，比例） 數(shù)量：number, amount（money, time） [可數(shù)] [不可數(shù)] 比例：percentage, proportion, share 2. 看X-Y軸 3. 找規(guī)律-反常 ① interpret解釋（分析數(shù)據(jù)） ② comments評論 重要表達(dá)方式： 1. 圖表類型 graph圖標(biāo), table表格, bar chart柱狀圖, pie chart餅狀圖 2. 圖標(biāo)指向 The graph illustrates… 圖表說明... The b

2、ar chart shows data for… 條形圖顯示的數(shù)據(jù)... It can be clearly seen from the pie chart that… 從餅圖可以清楚地看到... 3. 時(shí)間段 over the past 5 years 在過去5年 over this span of 28 years 在這28年的跨度 during the period from March to May 在3

3、月至5月期間 throughout the period 整個(gè)期間 for the rest of the period 在剩余的時(shí)間 4. 動(dòng)詞 percentage百分比, number數(shù)量 （amount） experience huge fall 經(jīng)歷巨大的衰落 巨大的：vast, massive, enormous, immense, tremendous something unexp

4、ected 意外 occurred… 發(fā)生… There be… 會(huì)有… Japan experienced a massive increase in car ownership in the 1930’s 日本在20世紀(jì)30年代經(jīng)歷了汽車擁有量的大幅增長 5. 變化趨勢 1) 增加/上升/提高 rise gradually（rose） 逐漸上升 cli

5、mb rapidly（climbed） 迅速爬升 go up significantly（went up） 顯著上升 rise slightly 略有上升 The number experienced slight rise. 數(shù)字略有上升。 experience dramatic increase 經(jīng)驗(yàn)顯著增加 People holding a Bachelor’s degree only managed a moderate inc

6、rease of $5 per week. 持有學(xué)士學(xué)位的人只管理每周適度增加5美元。 2) 減少/下降 drop slowly（dropped） 慢慢下降 fall sharply（fell） 大幅下降 go down by a big amount（went down） 大量下跌 diminish slightly（diminished） 略有減少 gradual decline 逐漸下降 3) 保質(zhì)平穩(wěn)/不

7、變 remain fairly constant / steady / stable / unchanged保持相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定 level off 變得穩(wěn)定 change slightly 輕微改變 earnings amongst university 在大學(xué)中的收入 graduates remained fairly steady after 1985. 畢業(yè)生在1985年以后保持相對穩(wěn)定。 4) 起伏/波動(dòng) There are mi

8、nor(small) fluctuations between…and… 在…之間有較小的波動(dòng) rise and fall fluctuate slightly / dramatically 6. 比較 compared with 和....相比 in contrast to 相比之下 huge difference 巨大的差異 Between 1965 and 1985, there

9、 was significant(little) difference in the earnings between high school leavers and university graduates.In 1980, professionals with a Master’s or a Doctoral degree earned slightly more than those with a Bachelor’s degree.The biggest change occurred in the period from 1985 to 1995, when high school

10、leavers enjoyed the greatest increase in earnings.During the same period, professionals with a Doctoral degree enjoyed the same average earnings as those who had done postdoctoral research. 在1965年和1985年之間，高中畢業(yè)生和大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的收入之間存在顯著（小）的差異。1980年，獲得碩士或博士學(xué)位的畢業(yè)生的收入略高于那些具有學(xué)士學(xué)位的畢業(yè)生。最大的變化發(fā)生在1985年至1995年期間，當(dāng)時(shí)高中畢業(yè)生

11、的收入增長最大。在同一時(shí)期，具有博士學(xué)位的專業(yè)人士享有與從事博士后研究的人相同的平均收入。 7. 數(shù)值表達(dá) The rate of female smokers remained stable at 320 until 1994. 女性吸煙者的比率在1994年之前保持穩(wěn)定在320。 The spending dropped by two thirds to 14% in 1996. 1996年的支出下降了三分之二，達(dá)到14％。 8. 結(jié)論 in conclusion 結(jié)論是 overall

12、 總的來說 consequently 因此/所以 It can be concluded that… 可以得出結(jié)論： 9. 結(jié)論分析 While people’s earnings increased according their level were far smaller than would be expected. 然而人們的收入水平增加遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于預(yù)期。 What’s more interesting, however

13、, is that the increase in earnings amongst high school leavers was far higher than the earnings for university graduates. 更有趣的是，高中畢業(yè)生的收入增長遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。 at+靜止數(shù)值（at 15%） by+變化數(shù)值（by about 15%） 費(fèi)用，花費(fèi)： cost, spending, expenditure, expense 替換詞組： ① 另外：Moreover, Furthermore, What’s more, In addition

14、, ② 事實(shí)上：In effect, Indeed, In fact, ③ 因此：Consequently（As a consequence）, Thus, Therefore, ④ 然而：However, 大作文框架：（150~200詞） ①總體描述It can be clearly seen from the ① that 主題 change during the period from 時(shí)間1 to 時(shí)間2.②起點(diǎn)解釋一Firstly, we can easily find that 細(xì)節(jié)描述. 起點(diǎn)解釋二What’s more, 細(xì)節(jié)描述. ③變化規(guī)律一In fact

15、, 變化規(guī)律. 變化規(guī)律二Moreover, 變化規(guī)律. ④反常現(xiàn)象一However, what surprises us most is that反常細(xì)節(jié). 反?，F(xiàn)象二Interestingly, 反常細(xì)節(jié). There are several factors that may account for such change. ⑤規(guī)律原因First of all, an evident reason lies in the fact that 規(guī)律原因. ⑥反常原因However, 反常原因. ⑦結(jié)論Thus, Given the analysis above, it can be co

16、ncluded that 結(jié)論. ⑧建議一Therefore, it is fairly reasonable and wise that 建議. 建議二In addition, another suggestion is that 建議. 從①圖表類型中可以清楚地看出，主題在時(shí)間1到時(shí)間2期間發(fā)生了變化。首先，我們很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，細(xì)節(jié)描述。此外，細(xì)節(jié)描述。實(shí)際上，變化規(guī)律。此外，變化規(guī)律。然而，令我們最驚訝的是，反常細(xì)節(jié)。有趣的是，反常細(xì)節(jié)。 有幾個(gè)原因可以解釋這種變化。首先，一個(gè)明顯的原因是，規(guī)律原因。然而，反常原因。 因此，根據(jù)上述分析，可以得出結(jié)論，結(jié)論。因此，建議是相當(dāng)合

17、理和明智的。另外，另一個(gè)建議是建議。  ① table表格 / bar chart柱狀圖 / line chart曲線圖 餅狀圖第一句： It can be clearly seen from the pie chart that 主題 massively vary based on the pie chart. 從餅狀圖中可以清楚地看出，主題基于餅圖大量地變化。 No.1 大學(xué)生時(shí)間分配變化表 Acade

18、mic works Sports Union activities 大一 50% 15% 35% 大二 55% 15% 30% 大三 95% 2% 3% ①總體解釋It can be clearly seen from the table that（主語）time using proportions of college students change during the period from 1st year to 3rd year. ②起點(diǎn)解釋一In the beginning year of study, college students spent

19、 exactly half of their time doing academic works. ③起點(diǎn)解釋二And time for union activities ranked 2nd（at 15%）and sports time least. ④變化規(guī)律Then the three shares remained fairly constant during the 2nd year. ⑤反?，F(xiàn)象However, what surprises us most is that, during the 3rd year, the percentage of time for academ

20、ic works rose dramatically to 95%, whereas time for the remaining two categories fell(shrunk) sharply to 2% and 3%. 從表中可以清楚地看出，大學(xué)生的時(shí)間使用比例在第一年到第三年期間發(fā)生了變化。在學(xué)習(xí)的初期，大學(xué)生花費(fèi)了一半的時(shí)間做學(xué)術(shù)工作。而社團(tuán)活動(dòng)的時(shí)間排名第二（15％），體育時(shí)間最少。然后三個(gè)分配在第二年保持相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定。然而，令我們最驚訝的是，在第三年，學(xué)術(shù)工作的時(shí)間百分比大幅上升到95％，然而其余兩個(gè)類別的時(shí)間大幅下降（縮小）到2％和3％。 There are seve

21、ral factors that may account for such changes. Firstly, it is natural for college students to use most of their time, no less than half, to do academic works. Moreover, during the first two years, sports and union activities are both essential for physical and spiritual health. In effect, spending a

22、lmost all of their time on studies must result from the fact that junior students have been preparing（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)） for graduate entrance examination. 有幾個(gè)原因可以解釋這種變化。首先，大學(xué)生自然而然地使用他們大部分的時(shí)間，不少于一半，做學(xué)術(shù)工作。此外，在頭兩年，體育和社團(tuán)活動(dòng)對身體和精神健康至關(guān)重要。實(shí)際上，花費(fèi)幾乎所有的時(shí)間在學(xué)習(xí)上一定是因?yàn)榇笕龑W(xué)生已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備畢業(yè)考試。 Given the analysis above, it can be co

23、ncluded that（主語）time allocation of college students massively varies in different stages of enrollment. It is fairly reasonable and wise that, while the largest time share should be utilized for academic improvement, college students should not ignore the essential benefits provided by sports. 根據(jù)上述

24、分析，可以得出結(jié)論，大學(xué)生的時(shí)間分配在不同的入學(xué)階段大不相同。這是相當(dāng)合理和明智的，雖然最大的時(shí)間分配應(yīng)該用于改善學(xué)習(xí)，大學(xué)生不應(yīng)忽視體育的基本好處。 No.2 中國居民交通工具使用變化表 自行車 私家車 公交車 1980 70% 0% 30% 1995 30% 25% 45% 2010 35% 45% 20% ①總體解釋It can be clearly seen from the table th

25、at the percentages of traffic tools of China’s residents change during the period from 1980 to 2010. ②起點(diǎn)解釋一Firstly, we can easily find that in 1980 the cyclists（the proportion of bicycle riders） accounted for the largest share, which was 70%. ③起點(diǎn)解釋二Moreover, there was exactly no one owning a private

26、 car at that time. ④變化規(guī)律In effect, the percentages of private car owners rose gradually throughout the period. ⑤反?，F(xiàn)象一However, what surprises us most is that the proportions of cyclists dropped dramatically from 70% to 30% before they climbed slightly to 35%. ⑥反常現(xiàn)象二Interestingly, the share of bus tak

27、ers just experienced opposite route(direction). 從表中可以清楚地看出，中國居民的交通工具的百分比在1980年到2010年期間發(fā)生了變化。首先，我們很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，1980年騎自行車的人占了最大的份額，為70％。此外，當(dāng)時(shí)沒有人擁有私家車。實(shí)際上，私家車擁有者的百分比在整個(gè)期間逐漸上升。然而，令我們最驚訝的是，騎自行車的比例從70％急劇下降到30％，然后略微上升到35％。有趣的是，乘坐巴士的人的份額恰好經(jīng)歷了相反的路徑（方向）。 There are several factors that may account for such chang

28、e. ⑦規(guī)律原因First of all, an evident reason lies in the fact that when the economy has advanced to a high degree, urban residents must tend to consider private car as the most efficient traffic tool. ⑧反常原因However, the modern citizen always take bicycle as their primary means either to safeguard the nega

29、tive impact of climate change or improve the physical condition. ⑨結(jié)論Thus, it can be concluded that buses as an economical means of travel will never vanish. ⑩建議一Therefore, it is fairly reasonable and wise that urban dwellers should utilize bicycles as frequently as possible. 建議二In addition, another

30、suggestion is that… 有幾個(gè)原因可以解釋這種變化。首先，一個(gè)明顯的原因是，當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展程度很高時(shí)，城市居民必須傾向于將私家車視為最有效的交通工具。然而，現(xiàn)代市民總是把自行車作為主要手段，以保護(hù)氣候變化的負(fù)面影響或改善身體狀況。因此，可以得出結(jié)論，公共汽車作為經(jīng)濟(jì)出行的手段將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失。因此，城市居民應(yīng)該盡可能頻繁地使用自行車是相當(dāng)合理和明智的。另外，另一個(gè)建議是… No.3 我國居民年醫(yī)療開支和收入變化表（單位：萬元

31、） ①總體解釋It can be clearly seen from the bar chart that the medical cost and total income of China’s residents change during the period from 1985 to 2015. ②起點(diǎn)解釋Firstly, we can easily find that both medical spending and whole income accounted for the smallest share throughout the period. ③變化規(guī)律In eff

32、ect, there was enormous difference between the medical expense and total income. Moreover, both data rose steadily from 1985 to 2005. ④反?，F(xiàn)象一However, what surprises us most is that the total income fell slight from 2005 to 2015. ⑤反常現(xiàn)象二Interestingly, medical expenditure shrunk significantly during tha

33、t period. 從條形圖可以清楚地看出，中國居民的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用和總收入在1985年到2015年期間發(fā)生了變化。首先，我們可以很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，醫(yī)療開支和整體收入在整個(gè)期間占比最小。實(shí)際上，醫(yī)療開支和總收入之間存在巨大差異。此外，這兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)從1985年到2005年穩(wěn)步上升。然而，令我們最驚訝的是，總收入在2005年到2015年期間略有下降。有趣的是，醫(yī)療費(fèi)用在這一時(shí)期顯著縮水。 There are several reasons that may account for such change. ⑥規(guī)律原因Firstly, when economy has advanced to a hig

34、h degree, China’s resident can afford more advanced medical care, which must be based on higher cost, positively correlated to growing income. ⑦反常原因However, slightly decreased income may lead medical consumers to cut off their expense mostly due to the panic caused and the loss of sense of security.

35、 有幾個(gè)原因可能導(dǎo)致這種變化。首先，當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展程度很高時(shí)，中國居民能夠負(fù)擔(dān)更高級的醫(yī)療服務(wù)，這必須基于更高的成本，與收入的增長呈正相關(guān)。然而，稍微減少的收入可能導(dǎo)致醫(yī)療消費(fèi)者切斷其費(fèi)用，主要是由于恐慌和失去安全感造成的。 No.4 ①總體解釋It can be clearly seen from the pie chart that the sales volume varies corresponding to different

36、stage of a whole year. ②起點(diǎn)解釋一Firstly, we can easily find that the data of the 4th quarter accounted for the smallest share, which was 10%. ③起點(diǎn)解釋二Moreover, it is interesting that the data of the 1st quarter is precisely equal to that of 2nd quarter, which was 20%, and exactly twice as many as the dat

37、a of the 4th quarter. ④反?，F(xiàn)象However, what surprises us most is that the sales volume in 3rd quarter accounted for the largest share, which was 50%（which reached exactly half of the total volume）. 從餅圖中可以清楚地看出，銷售量的變化對應(yīng)于一整年的不同階段。首先，我們可以很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，第四季度的數(shù)據(jù)占據(jù)最小份額，為10％。此外，有趣的是第一季度的數(shù)據(jù)與第二季度的數(shù)據(jù)精確相等，是20%，恰好是第四季度的數(shù)據(jù)

38、的兩倍。然而，令我們最驚訝的是，第三季度的銷售量占最大份額，為50％（恰好達(dá)到總量的一半）。 六、完型詞匯 While, whereas, however, still, otherwise, despite, since, barely, seldom, hardly, rarely, compared, linked, subjected, opposite, hold, argue, claim, suggest, contend, address, account for, matter, work, process, picture, paradox (paradoxical), dilemma, plausible, available (availability), community, perspective, context, according to, for example, for instance, in fact, in effect, indeed, rather (than), instead (of), comply with, conform to, turn out, in response, in terms of, in light of, equivalent, alternative.