2020年高考英語 語法復(fù)習高分巧突破 第2部分 名詞、冠詞和代詞
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1、名詞、冠詞和代詞 (共3組,每組限時8分鐘) 1.(2020·四川省六校第一次聯(lián)合診斷)Both sides are determined to get what they want, and there seems to be no possibility of ________. A.competence B.composition C.competition D.compromise 解析:選D 考查名詞辨析。句意:雙方都決意得到他們想要的東西,似乎沒有妥協(xié)的可能。competence“能力;勝任;本領(lǐng)”;composition“成分;作品”;comp
2、etition“競爭”;compromise“妥協(xié);折衷”。 2.(2020·江西景德鎮(zhèn)市一模)This online game has been intended to improve children's ________. A.intelligence B.reputation C.responsibility D.impression 解析:選A 考查名詞辨析。句意:這個網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲是為了提高孩子們的智力。intelligence“智力”,符合句意。reputation“名譽”;responsibility“責任”;impression“印象”。 3.(2020·山東青島
3、一模)I was told that ________ 10:20 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach ________ Fudan University. A.the; / B.the; a C.a(chǎn); the D./; the 解析:選A 考查冠詞。句意:有人告訴我說10:20的航班會帶我們?nèi)ド虾2⒓皶r到達復(fù)旦大學。“10:20的航班”是特指,故第一個空填the;復(fù)旦大學是專有名詞,故第二個空不填冠詞。 4.(2020·江西重點中學高三一模)As ________ rule, part-time workers
4、such as babysitters or English tutors are paid by ________ hour. A.the; an B.a(chǎn); an C.a(chǎn); the D.the; / 解析:選C 考查冠詞。第一個空泛指“某一個規(guī)則”,用不定冠詞a;by the hour是固定用法,表示“按小時”。 5.(2020·重慶江北區(qū)一模)I've always wanted an iPhone and I've just saved enough money to buy ________. A.it B.this C.that
5、 D.one 解析:選D 考查代詞。句意:我一直想要一部iPhone手機,而且我剛剛攢夠了錢要去買一個。one常用來指代上文提到的同類事物中的“一個”,表示泛指。故選D。 6.(2020·安徽馬鞍山兩校第一次聯(lián)考)—Can I ask you a few straightforward questions about yourself? —Sure. I like ________ when people are open and direct. A.that B.this C.it D.them 解析:選C 考查it的特殊用法。I like it when ...是固定
6、句式,表示“我喜歡……”,此處it無實義。 7.(2020·陜西寶雞市一模)—Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday? —I'm sorry. ________ will suit me. I'll be away on business during that period. A.Both B.None C.Either D.Neither 解析:選D 考查代詞。句意:“星期六或星期天陪我去購物好嗎?”“對不起。那兩天都不行。我那段時間將正在出差?!睆腎'm s
7、orry可知空處表示否定意義,且由空后內(nèi)容可知,此處表示對兩者的否定,neither意為“兩者都不”,故選D。 8.(2020·太原一模)—Who is standing over there? —It must be ________ from an express company. A.everybody B.somebody C.nobody D.a(chǎn)nybody 解析:選B 考查不定代詞的用法。句意:“誰站在那兒?”“肯定是快遞公司的某個人。”在肯定句中,表示不確定的某人要用不定代詞somebody。 9
8、.(2020·遼寧大連第一次雙基測試)Mo Yan, a most widely-read writer, takes a complete new ________ to describing China's rural and folk culture. A.way B.a(chǎn)pproach C.passage D.entry 解析:選B 考查名詞辨析。句意:莫言的作品被廣泛閱讀,他采用了全新的方法來描述中國的鄉(xiāng)村民俗文化。 an approach to為固定搭配,相當于a way of,意為“……的方法”;passage指人們行走的“通道,走廊”;entry意為“進入;進入權(quán);
9、入口處”。 10.(2020·安徽蚌埠第一次質(zhì)檢)Finding information in today's world is easy. The ________ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. A.knowledge B.a(chǎn)bility C.competition D.challenge 解析:選D 考查名詞辨析。句意:當今世界找尋信息很容易,但困難的事是你如何辨別你所獲得的信息是否有用。knowledge“知識”;ability“能力”;competition“競賽”;ch
10、allenge: a new or difficult task“挑戰(zhàn);艱巨任務(wù)”。 11.(2020·東北三校一模)The police managed to gain ________ through an upstairs window. A.a(chǎn)pproach B.way C.a(chǎn)ccess D.passage 解析:選C 考查名詞辨析。句意:警方設(shè)法通過樓上的一扇窗戶進入。approach, way, passage都有“道路,通道”的意思,且都為可數(shù)名詞;access為不可數(shù)名詞,意為“通道,入徑”??仗幥皼]有冠詞,四個選項中只有access為不可數(shù)名詞,故選C。 1
11、2.(2020·日照一模)Music is ________ universal language and it is one of ________ ways to learn about another culture. A.the; the B.a(chǎn); / C.the; / D.a(chǎn); the 解析:選D 考查冠詞。第一個空應(yīng)用不定冠詞,泛指“一種通用的語言”,universal雖以元音字母開頭,但它的發(fā)音卻并非以元音音素開頭,故第一空用a;第二個空后面有動詞不定式作后置定語,是特指。 13.(2020·福建三明三校第一次聯(lián)考)At the meeting
12、the chairman appealed to us to take ______ full advantage of the chance of hosting the coming YOG to create ________ better Nanjing. A.a(chǎn); a B.the; / C./; / D./; a 解析:選D 考查冠詞。take advantage of是固定短語,意為“利用”,故第一空不用冠詞;a better Nanjing表示“一個更好的南京”,表示地名的專有名詞前面如果有形容詞修飾,用不定冠詞,表示“一個……”。故選D。 14.(2020·陜西
13、寶雞高三第一次聯(lián)考)Jogging every morning is ________ good habit. Stick to it, and you'll make ________ great progress. A.a(chǎn); / B.a(chǎn); a C.the; a D./; / 解析:選A 考查冠詞。句意:每天早上慢跑是個好習慣。堅持下去,你就會取得很大進步?!癬_______ good habit”泛指“一個好習慣”,第一空應(yīng)用不定冠詞a;progress為不可數(shù)名詞,make progress為固定詞組,表示“取得進步”。故A項正確。 15.(2020·四川南充市第一次
14、適應(yīng)性考試)You look very beautiful in this dress and there is only one of this kind left here. I wonder if you would buy ________. A.one B.it C.some D.a(chǎn)ny 解析:選B 考查代詞。根據(jù)“there is only one of this kind left here”可知,此處表示前面提到的那一條裙子,所以選B。 1.(2020·陜西寶雞二模)In his absence, I would like to thank all co
15、ncerned on my brother's ________. A.behalf B.part C.business D.interest 解析:選A 考查名詞辨析。句意:我弟弟沒在場,我想代表他向所有相關(guān)的人員表示感謝。on sb.'s behalf = on behalf of sb.,為固定短語,意為“代表某人”,符合句意。for sb.'s part“就某人而言”;on business“因公”;in sb.'s interest“為了某人的利益”。 2.(2020·煙臺高三二模)It was a difficult job for him.He had tried
16、 everything but it made little ________. A.use B.good C.difference D.result 解析:選C 考查名詞辨析。句意:這項工作對他來說有點難,他做了各種各樣的努力,但沒有什么成效。make a difference“起作用;有影響”,此處的make little difference表示“沒有多大作用”,符合題意。 3.(2020·臨沂二模)The patient's family has expressed their ________ to the press in letters for the money
17、 raised. A.purpose B.a(chǎn)pologies C.gratitude D.sympathy 解析:選C 考查名詞辨析。句意:病人家屬為收到的捐款向媒體表達了感激之情。 purpose“目的”;apology“道歉”;gratitude“感激;感謝”;sympathy“同情”。 4.(2020·江西六校二模)University is ________ most worthwhile time of discovery and learning, and it is also ________ very enjoyable and valuable experie
18、nce for every one of us. A.a(chǎn); a B.the; / C./; a D.a(chǎn); the 解析:選A 考查冠詞。句意:大學是一段學習和探索的非常有價值的時光,而且對于我們每一個人來說也是一次很快樂很有價值的經(jīng)歷。第一空,因為沒有明確的范圍,故不用最高級,a most意為“很,非?!?;experience意為“經(jīng)歷”時是可數(shù)名詞,在這里是泛指,所以前面需要用不定冠詞。 5.(2020·安徽省級示范高中名校二模)As ________ birthplace of Huaxia civilization, Xi'an is ________ city with
19、 a long history and abundant cultural relics. A.the; a B.a(chǎn); a C./; a D.the; / 解析:選A 考查冠詞。句意:作為華夏文明的發(fā)源地,西安是一座擁有悠久歷史和豐富的文化底蘊的城市。birthplace后面有of短語作其后置定語,且“發(fā)源地”具有唯一性,故birthplace在本句中表特指,用定冠詞the;第二空后的city為可數(shù)名詞,但“擁有悠久歷史和豐富的文化底蘊”的城市并非只有西安,故第二空應(yīng)該表泛指,需用不定冠詞。故選A。 6.(2020·山東日照二模)The teacher praised me f
20、or ________ progress I'd made, which was ________ great encouragement to me. A.the; / B.the; a C./; a D./; / 解析:選B 考查冠詞。句意:老師因為我取得的進步而表揚我,這對我是一個很大的鼓勵。progress后有定語從句修飾,意為“我取得的進步”,為特指;第二空a great encouragement意為“一件很鼓舞人的事情”,此處encouragement為可數(shù)名詞,故選B。 7.(2020·江西重點中學二模)The cultural background of Ch
21、ina is totally different from ________ of the US. A.one B.that C.these D.those 解析:選B 考查代詞。句意:中國的文化背景與美國的完全不同。that指代前文提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,故此處用that指代The cultural background。 8.(2020·陜西咸陽二模)Listening to music can be very enjoyable, but ________ can be appreciated unless you like it. A.nothing B
22、.something C.everything D.a(chǎn)nything 解析:選A 考查代詞。句意:聽音樂是一件很愜意的事,但是除非你喜歡它,否則什么也欣賞不到。根據(jù)句意可知,答案為A,表示“沒有什么”。 9.(2020·遼寧五校協(xié)作體二模) I can't say which type of tea tastes better. It's just a(n) ________ of personal preference. A.a(chǎn)ffair B.problem C.variety D.matter 解析:選D 考查名詞辨析。句意:我不能說哪種類型的茶口味更好。這只是個人
23、口味的問題。It's just a matter of ...“這只是……的問題”,符合句意。 10.(2020·江蘇南京二模)Sometimes it's a bit challenging to reach a ________ between parents' expectations and their kids' desires. A.commitment B.comprehension C.cooperation D.compromise 解析:選D 考查名詞辨析。句意:有時在家長的期望和孩子的愿望之間達成妥協(xié)有點困難。commitment“承諾”;comprehe
24、nsion“理解(力)”;cooperation“合作”;compromise“妥協(xié);折衷”。 11.(2020·承德二模)I found that she was unhappy and didn't say ________ word all ________ way home. A.a(chǎn); the B./; / C.a(chǎn); / D./; the 解析:選A 考查冠詞。句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn)她不高興,回家的路上都沒有說一句話。word表示“說的話”時,為可數(shù)名詞,常和say, understand, hear等詞連用,故第一
25、空用不定冠詞a;all the way home意為“回家的路上”,為固定搭配,故第二空用定冠詞the。 12.(2020·福建名校二檢)If ________ of you is against the plan, we will carry it out immediately. A.someone B.a(chǎn)nyone C.everyone D.none 解析:選D 考查不定代詞。句意:如果你們當中沒有人反對這個計劃,我們就立即執(zhí)行。none“沒有一個”,符合句意。 13.(2020·山東省膠東示范學校二模)—It's dangerous to take photos o
26、f lightning. —The challenge is not for ________, but I think it's worth attempting. A.a(chǎn)nybody B.everybody C.nobody D.somebody 解析:選B 考查不定代詞。句意:“拍閃電太危險了?!薄斑@個挑戰(zhàn)不是針對所有人的,但我覺得值得一試?!眅verybody“每人,人人”,符合語境。 14.(2020·陜西五校二模)—Will you take these shoes? —No, they don't fit me. Show me ________
27、. A.a(chǎn)nother one B.a(chǎn)ny other C.the other D.some others 解析:選D 考查代詞。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用some others,相當于some other shoes,表示“另外一些鞋子”。 15.(2020·福建龍巖三校二模)—So, which would you take, the green sweater or the blue one, madam? —________. Can I see some others? I want a pink one. A.Either B.Neither C.None
28、 D.Anyone 解析:選B 考查代詞。從“I want a pink one.”可知,這位顧客對售貨員介紹的藍色毛衣和綠色毛衣都不滿意,所以用neither,表示“兩者都不”。 1.The boss showed his________ of Tom's hard work in the company by raising his pay to $ 5,000 a month. A.distinction B.promotion C.a(chǎn)ppreciation D.reservation 解析:選C 考查名詞辨析。句意:老板通過將湯姆的月薪提升至5 000美元來表示對
29、他努力工作的賞識。appreciation意為“欣賞,賞識”,符合句意。 2.Much to our surprise, the witness's ________ of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects. A.a(chǎn)ccount B.opinion C.instruction D.explanation 解析:選A 考查名詞辨析。句意:讓我們大吃一驚的是,目擊者對這起交通事故的描述在幾個方面和官方的版本不同。account“描述”,符合句意。opinion“看法”
30、;instruction“說明”;explanation“解釋”。 3.We all sighed with ________ relief when ________ plane finally landed safely. A.a(chǎn); / B./; the C.a(chǎn); a D.a(chǎn); the 解析:選B 考查冠詞。句意:當飛機最后安全著陸的時候,我們?nèi)既玑屩刎摰厮闪艘豢跉?。relief作“輕松;解脫” 講時,為不可數(shù)名詞,故第一空不填冠詞;“________ plane”特指我們乘坐的飛機,故第二空用定冠詞the。 4.—How do you find the guy who
31、 took ________ office last week? —He's always finding ________ fault with others. A./; a B.the; a C./; / D.the; / 解析:選C 句意:“你覺得上周就職的那個人怎么樣?”“他總是找別人的茬。”take office“就職”,find fault with sb.“找某人的茬”,兩者均為固定短語,故兩個空均不填冠詞。 5.—It's said that Tom is a wise manager in your company. —Oh, no, h
32、e is ________ but a wise leader. A.a(chǎn)nything B.a(chǎn)nyone C.a(chǎn)nybody D.a(chǎn)nywhere 解析:選A 考查代詞。句意:“聽說你們公司的湯姆是個英明的經(jīng)理?!薄?哦,不是。他一點兒也不英明。”anything but表示“一點兒也不”,符合語境。 6.We are in great need of a more capable manager, ________ with straightforward persona lity as well as good humor. A.the one B.wh
33、o C.which D.one 解析:選D 考查代詞。句意:我們急需一名更能干的經(jīng)理,他要有直率的性格和良好的幽默感。分析句子成分可知,空處不引導(dǎo)從句,故排除B、C兩項;而one = a manager, the one = the manager,這里指代的是a more capable manager,故選D。 7.The Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman on Thursday urged Japan to stop making irrespon sible ________ on the incident in waters off the Dia
34、oyu Islands. A.comments B.explanations C.a(chǎn)rguments D.debates 解析:選A 考查名詞辨析。句意:這個外交部女發(fā)言人周四敦促日本停止對在釣魚島海域所發(fā)生的事件的不負責任的評論。make comments on“對……進行評論”,符合句意。 8.—What does PM 2.5 mean? —It's a professional ________ indicating the condition of air pollution. A.term B.item C.number D.mark 解析:選A
35、考查名詞辨析。句意:“PM 2.5是什么意思?”“它是一個表示空氣污染狀況的專業(yè)術(shù)語。”term“術(shù)語”,符合句意。item“項目”;number“數(shù)字”;mark“記號”。 9.One reason for her ________ for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A.reference B.preference C.performance D.consequence 解析:選B
36、考查名詞辨析。句意:她喜歡城市生活的一個原因是她能很方便地去商店、飯店這樣的地方。preference“偏愛,喜愛”,符合句意。reference“參考”;performance“表演,演出”; consequence“后果”。 10.Because of H7N9 bird flu, all the chicken markets in Shanghai have been closed and won't open until further ________. A.sign B.symbol C.contact D.notice 解析:選D 考查名詞辨析。句意:因為H7N
37、9禽流感,上海所有的活禽市場都被關(guān)閉直到另行通知才能開放。sign“跡象;手勢”;symbol“象征;符號”;contact“聯(lián)系”;notice“通知”。根據(jù)句意可知,應(yīng)選D。 7.I have learned that it's taking ________ long time to become ________ person I want to be. A.the; a B.a(chǎn); the C.the; the D./; a 解析:選B 考查冠詞。a long time意為“很長一
38、段時間”;“________ person I want to be”特指“我想成為的那種人”,第二空應(yīng)用定冠詞the。 11.________ relation between China and Russia has developed steadily since Vladimir Putin was re-elected ________ president last May. A.The; the B.A; the C.The; / D.A; / 解析:選C 考查冠詞。句意:自從去年5月普京再次當選總統(tǒng)后,中國和俄羅斯之間的關(guān)系穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。第一空填
39、定冠詞the,特指中國和俄羅斯之間的關(guān)系;當表示頭銜、職位的名詞作表語或賓語補足語時,其前不加冠詞。故選C。 12.—________Beijing of 2020 saw its first snowfall in the month of November. —Oh, it came as ________ surprise to us. A.The; the B.The; a C./; a D./; the 解析:選B 考查冠詞。句意:“2020年北京的第一場雪是在11月下的?!薄班?,對于我們來說,它是一件令人驚訝的事情?!钡谝豢沼珊竺娴?020修飾,表示特指,用定
40、冠詞the;第二空后的surprise是抽象名詞具體化,表示“一件令人驚訝的事”,是泛指,用不定冠詞a。 13.It is not so difficult to learn English well. ________ you need is listening, speaking, reading and writing it every day. A.Everything B.All C.Each D.Something 解析:選B 考查代詞。句意:學好英語并不是那么難。你所要做的是每天聽、說、讀和寫英語。everything“每件事情”;all“全部”;each“每個”
41、;something“某事”??仗帪橄刃性~,后面跟的是定語從句,根據(jù)后面的“聽、說、讀和寫”可知,這是英語學習的全部。故選B。 14.It makes good sense to buy a large packet because ________ will work out cheaper in the end. A.it B.this C.one D.they 解析:選A 考查代詞。句意:買大盒的是很明智的做法,因為大盒的最終算下來更便宜。此處代詞指代前面提到的a large packet,屬同一事物,故選it。 15.Since my childhood I have found that ________ is more attractive than reading, which is my favorite. A.everything B.nothing C.something D.a(chǎn)nything 解析:選B 考查不定代詞。句意:從小時候起,我就覺得讀書是我的最愛,對我來說沒有什么比它更有吸引力了。根據(jù)句意B項正確。
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