馬丁路德金(中英詳盡介紹).ppt

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馬丁 路德 金,,馬丁 路德 金,Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 ——April 4, 1968) was one of the pivotal leaders of the American civil rights movement. King was a Baptist minister, one of the few leadership roles available to black men at the time. He became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955——1956) and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1957), serving as its first president.,,馬丁 路德 金,（1929年1月15日–1968 年4月4日 ）是美國民權(quán) 運動的重要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。金 是一個浸信會牧師，一 個在當(dāng)時黑人男性提供 的一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色。他成 為民權(quán)活動家在他早期 的職業(yè)生涯。他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了 蒙哥馬利公共汽車抵制 （1955–1956），幫助建 立了南方基督教領(lǐng)袖會 議（1957），擔(dān)任其第 一任總統(tǒng),,背景,美國1861年的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，雖然解放了黑奴，但美國的種族隔離仍然持續(xù)，尤其在南部，黑人不能入讀白人學(xué)校、不能在招待白人的餐廳進(jìn)食、不能乘坐同一輛公共汽車、或必須讓座給白人。北部情況較佳，但黑人的待遇仍然很差。,,,遭受白人的白眼、嘲笑、羞辱,,,糟糕的健康狀況,,,,,美國的黑人在20世紀(jì)50年代，展開爭取民權(quán)的運動。南部一名黑人婦女拒絕讓座給白人而被捕的事件，激起持續(xù)的抗議行動。當(dāng)時在教會當(dāng)傳道人的馬丁路德金（Martin Luther King），亦投入爭取黑人民權(quán)運動的行列。,,,1963年8月28日， 25萬人響應(yīng)馬丁路德金的號召，在美國首都華盛頓游行，爭取立法保障黑人的權(quán)利。馬丁路德金在林肯紀(jì)念館前的石階，對群眾發(fā)表著名的「我有一個夢想」（I have a Dream）演說，希望白人和黑人有一天可平等地生活在一起。,,,,,1963年8月28日在華盛頓25萬黑人的集會上發(fā)表演講,I have a dream,Martin Luther King,Jr.,,,Highlights I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of “interposition“ and “nullification“ -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; “and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.“? This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.,,,And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with new meaning: My country tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrims pride, From every mountainside, let freedom ring! And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado. Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. But not only that: Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!,,,精彩片段 我夢想有一天，這個國家會站立起來，真正實現(xiàn)其信條的真諦：“我們認(rèn)為真理是不言而喻，人人生而平等?！?我夢想有一天，在佐治亞的紅山上，昔日奴隸的兒子將能夠和昔日奴隸主的兒子坐在一起，共敘兄弟情誼。 我夢想有一天，甚至連密西西比州這個正義匿跡，壓迫成風(fēng)，如同沙漠般的地方，也將變成自由和正義的綠洲。 我夢想有一天，我的四個孩子將一個不是以他們的膚色，而是以他們的品格優(yōu)劣來評價他們的國度里生活。 今天，我有一個夢想。我夢想有一天，亞拉巴馬州能夠有所轉(zhuǎn)變，盡管該州州長現(xiàn)在仍然滿口異議，反對聯(lián)邦法令，但有朝一日，那里的黑人男孩和女孩將能與白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉，攜手并進(jìn)。 今天，我有一個夢想。 我夢想有一天，幽谷上升，高山下降；坎坷曲折之路成坦途，圣光披露，滿照人間。 這就是我們的希望。我懷著這種信念回到南方。有了這個信念，我們將能從絕望之嶺劈出一塊希望之石。有了這個信念，我們將能把這個國家刺耳的爭吵聲，改變成為一支洋溢手足之情的優(yōu)美交響曲。 有了這個信念，我們將能一起工作，一起祈禱，一起斗爭，一起坐牢，一起維護(hù)自由；因為我們知道，終有一天，我們是會自由的。 在自由到來的那一天，上帝的所有兒女們將以新的含義高唱這支歌：“我的祖國，美麗的自由之鄉(xiāng)，我為您歌唱。您是父輩逝去的地方，您是最初移民的驕傲，讓自由之聲響徹每個山崗?！?如果美國要成為一個偉大的國家，這個夢想必須實現(xiàn)！ 讓自由之聲從新罕布什爾州的巍峨的崇山峻嶺響起來！ 讓自由之聲從紐約州的崇山峻嶺響起來！ 讓自由之聲從賓夕法尼亞州的阿勒格尼山響起來！ 讓自由之聲從科羅拉多州冰雪覆蓋的落基山響起來！ 讓自由之聲從加利福尼亞州蜿蜒的群峰響起來！ 不僅如此，還要讓自由之聲從佐治亞州的石嶺響起來！ 讓自由之聲從田納西州的了望山響起來！ 讓自由之聲從密西西比的每一座丘陵響起來！ 讓自由之聲從每一片山坡響起來！ 當(dāng)我們讓自由之聲響起，讓自由之聲從每一個大小村莊、每一個州和每一個城市響起來時，我們將能夠加速這一天的到來，那時，上帝的所有兒女，黑人和白人，猶太教徒和非猶太教徒，耶穌教徒和天主教徒，都將手?jǐn)y手，合唱一首古老的黑人靈歌：“自由啦！自由啦！感謝全能上帝，我們終于自由啦！”,Here he raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S. history. In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-violent means.,在這里，他引起了公眾的民權(quán)運動意識，使自己成為了一個在美國歷史上最偉大的演說家之一。在1964年，金成為獲得諾貝爾和平獎并且為他的努力結(jié)束種族隔離和種族歧視，通過非暴力和非暴力手段的最年輕的人。,,,金在孟菲斯，田納西州于1968年4月4日被暗殺。（他死后于1977獲總統(tǒng)吉米卡特總統(tǒng)自由勛章。馬丁路德金日是在1986成立于美國一個全國性的節(jié)日。 2004，金去世后被授予國會金質(zhì)獎?wù)?。?King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Jimmy Carter in 1977. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a national holiday in the United States in 1986. In 2004, King was posthumously awarded a Congressional Gold Medal.,遇害時，他正準(zhǔn)備幫助孟菲斯黑人清潔工人組織罷工。當(dāng)時他在旅館陽臺上與同伴們談話，被刺客詹姆斯厄爾雷用槍擊中。,馬丁路德金在旅館的陽臺上遇害。他的同事們急忙呼救，并一起向打槍的方向指去。,孩子們向父親的遺體告別,1968年3月被種族主義分子槍殺。終年39歲。,金的最后一次長征,,,從1968年3月起，美國政府將每年1月的第三個星期一定為馬丁路德金全國紀(jì)念日。,,,馬丁路德金日 Commemoration School, government and federal agencies on this day is not open. Monday quiet memorial service held a memorial of Dr. Martin Luther King and grand ceremony. Before Sunday, all regions of the priest will conduct special sermons, remind everybody cherishes the memory of Dr. Martin Luther King pursue peaceful life. Over the weekend, the well-known the well known radio broadcast about the civil rights movement, songs and speeches. The TV station will broadcast special programs, introduced Dr. Martin Luther King s life. In the Martin Luther King day, also known as ( MLK ), a student will be the school organization to participate in public welfare activities outside school. As to the poor packing food, go to black primary school clean-up etc. 紀(jì)念活動 學(xué)校、政府和聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)在這一天都不開放。星期一會有安靜的追思儀式以及為追悼馬丁路德金博士而舉行的隆重的紀(jì)念儀式。在此之前的星期天，所有地區(qū)的牧師都會進(jìn)行特殊布道，提醒每個人緬懷馬丁路德金博士追求和平的一生。整個周末，知名的廣播電臺會播放一些講述公民權(quán)利運動的歌曲和演說。電視臺會播出特別節(jié)目，介紹馬丁路德金博士的生平。 在馬丁路德金日，也稱（MLK日），放假的學(xué)生會被學(xué)校組織到校外參加公益活動。比如去為窮人包扎飯菜，去黑人小學(xué)做大掃除等等,,,Festive background Martin Luther King was born in 1929 in Atlanta, the United States of america. It is in his appeal, the United States Congress forced through the “ bill of rights “ in 1964, announced the racial segregation and discrimination policies for the illegal policies, to give blacks equal rights. In 1964, Martin Luther King won the Nobel Peace prize. In 1968 April, he was murdered in Memphis, Tennessee led the workers to strike on the United States, only 39 years old. Since 1986, the United States government in January each year the third week for Martin Luther King National Memorial day. 節(jié)日背景 馬丁路德金于1929年生于美國亞特蘭大市。正是在他的呼吁下，美國國會在1964年被迫通過《民權(quán)法案》，宣布種族隔離和歧視政策為非法政策，給黑人以平等的權(quán)利。1964年，馬丁路德金獲得諾貝爾和平獎。1968年4月，他在前往美國田納西州孟菲斯市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工人罷工途中被謀殺，年僅39歲。從1986年起，美國政府將每年1月的第三個星期一定為馬丁路德金全國紀(jì)念日。,,,舉行游行紀(jì)念馬丁路德金日,,,,