2019-2020年高一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) nit6 Good manners(備課資料)教案 大綱人教版第一冊(cè).doc

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2019-2020年高一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) nit6 Good manners(備課資料)教案 大綱人教版第一冊(cè) 一、異域風(fēng)情 Ⅰ.Good Manners at a French Dinner Party If you are ever lucky to be invited to a formal dinner party in Paris,remember that the French have their own way of doing things,and that even your finest manners may not be“correct”by French custom.For example,if you think showing up promptly at the time given on the invitation, armed with gifts of wine and roses, plimenting your hostess on her cooking, laughing heartily at the host’s jokes and then leaping up to help the hostess will make you the perfect guest, think again. Here Madame Nora Chabal, the marketing director of The Ritz Hotel in Paris, explains how it works. The first duty of the guest is to respond to the invitation within 48 hours. And the guest may not ask to bring a guest because the hostess has chosen her own. Flowers sent in advance are the preferred gift. They may also be sent afterwards with a thank-you note. It is considered a very bad form to arrive with a gift of flowers in hand, thereby forcing the hostess to deal with finding a vase when she is too busy to do that. See, that’s the logic! The type of flowers sent has a code of its own, too. One must never send Chrysanthemums because they are considered to humble a flower for occasion. Conations are considered bad luck, and calla lilies are too reminiscent(令人聯(lián)想)of funerals .A bouquet of red roses is a declaration of romantic intent. Don’t send those unless you mean it, and never to a married hostess. And though the French love wine, you must never bring a bottle to a dinner party. Why, it’s as if you feared your hosts would not have enough wine on hand, and that’s an insult. You may, however, offer a box of chocolates that the hostess will pass after dinner with coffee. If an invitation is for eight o’clock, the considerate guest arrives at 8:15.Guests who arrive exactly on time or early are mere thoughtless ones who are not giving the hostess those last few minutes she needs to deal with details and crises. The “guest” arrives between 15 to 20 minutes after the hour because dinner will be served exactly 30 minutes past the time on the invitation. Ⅱ.Bar Manners in Britain Amazingly for the British, who love queues, there is no formal line-up in bars—the bar staffs are skilled at knowing whose turn it is. You are permitted to try to attract attention, but there are rules about how to do this. Do not call out, tap coins on the counter, snap your fingers or wave like a drowning swimmer. Do not scowl or sigh or roll your eyes. And whatever you do, do not ring the bell hanging behind the counter—this is used by the landlord to signal closing time. The key thing is to catch the bar worker’s eyes. You could also hold an empty glass or some money, but do not wave them about. Do adopt an expectant, hopeful, even slightly anxious facial expression. If you look too contented and placent, the bar staffs may assume you are already being served. Always say“please”and try to remember some of the British bar staffs’ pet hates. They do not like people to keep others waiting while they make up their minds. They don’t like people standing idly against the bar when there are a lot of customers wanting for service. And they do not like people who wait until the end of the order before asking for such drinks as Guinness stout which take considerably longer to pour than other drinks. One Dutch tourist who spent six months visiting 800 of Britain’s 61 000 pubs and interviewing 50 publicans and bar workers and more than 1 000 customers said,“I cannot understand how the British ever manage to buy themselves a drink.”But they do, and if you follow these tips, you should be able to do so, too. Speaking of tips, you should never offer the bar staffs a cash gratuity. The correct behavior is to offer them a drink. Pubs pride themselves on their egalitarian atmosphere. A tip in cash would be a reminder of their service role, whereas the offer of a drink is a friendly gesture. II、知識(shí)歸納 1.prefer常用句型歸納 (1)prefer+ n./pron.“寧愿、更喜歡”。 e.g.—Which would you prefer, tea or coffee? 你喜歡喝什么，茶還是咖啡？ —I’d prefer tea. 我寧愿喝茶。 I prefer short stories. 我寧愿看短篇小說(shuō)。 (2)prefer+ doing sth.“寧愿做某事”，表示一般傾向，愛(ài)好。 e.g.—Do you like swimming? 你喜歡游泳嗎？ —Yes, but I prefer sailing. 是的，但我更喜歡駕帆船。 The old man prefers drawing pictures. 那位老人喜歡畫(huà)畫(huà)(一種興趣，愛(ài)好)。 (3)prefer+(doing)sth.+ to(doing)sth.“寧愿……而不愿……”(其中to為介詞) e.g. He prefers dogs to cats. 他很喜歡狗，而不喜歡貓。 Many Chinese people prefer tea to coffee. 很多中國(guó)人寧愿喝茶而不喝咖啡。 I prefer taking a walk to staying at home. 我寧愿散步而不愿呆在家里。 (4)prefer to do sth.(指特定或具體某次動(dòng)作，即在某種場(chǎng)合下“特別喜歡”。) e.g. I prefer to wait until evening. 我寧愿等到天黑。 He prefers playing basketball, but he doesn’t prefer to play basketball right now. 他喜歡打籃球，但現(xiàn)在不想打。 (5)prefer to do sth.+ rather than do sth.“寧愿做……而不愿做……” e.g. I prefer to stay at home watching TV rather than go dancing every Sunday afternoon. 每星期天下午我寧愿呆在家里看電視而不愿去跳舞。 He prefers to work rather than be free. 他寧愿工作而不愿閑著。 (6)prefer sb. to do sth.寧愿某人做某事。 e.g.—May I wash the dishes? 我把碟子洗了行嗎？ —I’d prefer you to dry them. 我更希望你把它們弄干。 I prefer you not to stay there too long. 我希望你不要在那兒呆得太久。 (7)prefer sth. to be done.寧愿有人做某事。 e.g. We would prefer the question to be discussed tomorrow. 我們希望該問(wèn)題明天再討論。 (8)prefer+ that clause(用虛擬語(yǔ)氣) e.g. He prefers that it should be left along. 他倒是想置之不理/聽(tīng)其自然。 We prefer that he tell us the truth. 我們更希望他告訴我們實(shí)情。 (二)follow用法歸納 (1)表示“跟隨，馬上就來(lái)”。 e.g. I’m sending the letter today, the packet will follow later. 今天我先把信寄出，隨后寄出包裹。 (2)表示“接著發(fā)生”。 e.g. Richard’s speech was a great success, his every sentence was followed by a burst of applause. 理查德的演講獲得很大成功，他的每句演講詞都得到經(jīng)久不息的掌聲。 (3)表示“遵循，依照……行事”。 e.g. The villagers still follow the customs that are passed down from their ancestors. 村民們還沿襲著祖先留下的風(fēng)俗。 (4)表示“聽(tīng)懂，理解”。 e.g. As a beginner, she cannot follow the English Home Service quite well on the radio. 作為初學(xué)者，她無(wú)法完全聽(tīng)懂廣播《英語(yǔ)家庭服務(wù)》。 (5)表示“如下”。 e.g. He received a note which ran as follows:“The meeting will be delayed until next Monday.” 他收到一張便條，上面寫(xiě)著如下內(nèi)容：“會(huì)議推遲到下星期一。” (6)表示“第二，下一個(gè)”。 e.g. We did not see much of each other until the following year, when my wife came back from aboard. 直到我妻子第二年從國(guó)外返回，我們才又彼此見(jiàn)面。 (7)表示“在……之后，經(jīng)過(guò)”。 e.g. Following the speech, there will be a few minutes for the audience to ask questions freely. 演講之后，聽(tīng)眾有幾分鐘隨意提問(wèn)。 (8)表示“必然是……的后果”。 e.g.—As you’re getting a better job, you’ll be paid more. 你找到了好工作，掙得錢(qián)就多了。 —No, that doesn’t necessarily follow. 不，并非如此。 (9)表示“沿著走”。 e.g. Follow this road until you get to the church, then turn left, You can’t miss it. 沿著這條路到教堂后，向左拐，你就找到了。 (10)表示“傾聽(tīng)，跟著看”。 e.g. The audience followed the president’s words with the greatest attention. 聽(tīng)眾全神貫注地聽(tīng)著總統(tǒng)的講話。 3.introduce的用法歸納： (1)introduce oneself自我介紹。 e.g. Let me introduce myself. 讓我作個(gè)自我介紹。 (2) introduce sb. to sb. else.。 把某人介紹給別的某個(gè)人 e.g. Allow me to introduce you to my friend. 允許我將你介紹給我的朋友。 (3)introduce sth. to sb.把某物介紹給某人。 e.g. He introduced English poetry to Chinese readers. 他把英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌介紹給中國(guó)讀者。 (4)be introduced into 被引進(jìn)，被傳入。 e.g. Coffee was introduced into England from the continent. 咖啡是從歐洲大陸引進(jìn)英國(guó)的。 Marxism was introduced into China at the beginning of this century. 馬克思主義在本世紀(jì)初傳入中國(guó)。 4.“參觀、訪問(wèn)、拜訪”英語(yǔ)表達(dá)歸納： (1)常用動(dòng)詞：visit (see)sb. or some place e.g. This afternoon we’re going to visit a friend in hospital. 今天下午我們要去看望一個(gè)住院的朋友。 Many foreign friends are very glad to visit our school. 許多外國(guó)朋友很高興來(lái)參觀我們學(xué)校。 e and see us again soon. 有空兒再到我們這兒來(lái)坐坐。 (2)常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)： call on sb./call at some place(專程) e.g. Each time he came to Beijing on business, he would call on me. 每次他來(lái)北京出差，都會(huì)來(lái)看望我。 I hope to call on you at the hotel at 10 this morning. 我希望上午十點(diǎn)到賓館拜訪你。 He called at my house last Sunday. 他上個(gè)星期天專程來(lái)我家。 drop in on sb./at some place.順道，偶然過(guò)訪 e.g. On my way to the park, I dropped in on a friend of mine. 在我去公園的路上，我順道看望了我的一個(gè)朋友。 The Smiths dropped in on some old friends on their vacation trip to New York. 史密斯一家在紐約度假時(shí)，順便看望了一些老朋友。 He dropped in at our school yesterday. 他昨天順便拜訪了我們學(xué)校。 e by/over 順便來(lái)訪 e.g. I’ll e over in a day or two. 我過(guò)一兩天來(lái)看望你。 e over any time, we’re always in. 請(qǐng)隨便什么時(shí)候來(lái)坐，我們總是在家的。 pay/give sb. a visit或pay a visit to sb. e.g. She had thought of paying us a visit, but the bad weather made her change her plan. 她本想來(lái)看望我們，但由于天氣不好，使她改變了計(jì)劃。 She paid a visit to her old friends in Beijing. 她拜訪了她在北京的老朋友。 go/ e to some place on a visit e.g. Last week he came to Qingdao on a visit. 上周他來(lái)到青島參觀。 pay/ make a call on sb./at some place e.g. I’ll pay a call on my first teacher on Teacher’s Day. 教師節(jié)我將去看望我的啟蒙老師。 go on a visit to some place e.g. Perhaps I shall go on a visit to England this winter. 或許今年冬天我要去英國(guó)參觀。 III、詞語(yǔ)辨析 (一)too much, much too 1.too much“太多”之意，可以作形容詞，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可作副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞。 e.g. There is too much rain here in spring. 春天這里的雨水太多。 She talked too much at the meeting. 她在會(huì)上講得太多了。 2.much too“簡(jiǎn)直太，過(guò)于”，只能作副詞，用來(lái)修飾形容詞或別的副詞，不能修飾動(dòng)詞。 e.g. This book is much too difficult for me. 這本書(shū)對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)直太難了。 The old man walks much too slowly. 那位老人走得很慢。 2. custom, habit 1.custom指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接不定式。 e.g .They broke some of the old customs. 他們打破了一些舊的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。 It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival. 中國(guó)人有在春節(jié)吃餃子的風(fēng)俗。 I make it a custom to go to bed late and get up early. 我養(yǎng)成了晚睡早起的習(xí)慣。 2.habit指?jìng)€(gè)人生活習(xí)慣、習(xí)慣成自然、個(gè)人的習(xí)慣有好有壞，后接of doing,不可接不定式?！?有)養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣”常用be in/fall into/get into/form/have the habit of doing sth.句型；“戒掉……習(xí)慣”常用give up/kick/break away from/get out of the habit of doing sth.句型. e.g. It’s easy to get into a bad habit but it’s hard to give it up. 形成壞習(xí)慣容易而改掉難。 The drug easily get one into the habit of smoking. 毒品很容易使人染上吸煙的習(xí)慣。 3. arise,rise,raise raise的意思是“使……上升，升起，提高”等，用作及物動(dòng)詞，其后一定要有賓語(yǔ)，rise作“上升”“升起”這一意思用時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能跟賓語(yǔ)。arise沒(méi)有上升，升起的意思，但它可以和rise一樣表示站起來(lái)(stand up),起床(get up),rise和arise 用作“站起，起床”都屬正式用法，不及stand up,get up常用，而arise比rise更正式，現(xiàn)已比較少用.arise主要表示出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生等意思。 e.g. She raise her voice in anger. 由于憤怒她抬高了嗓門(mén)(聲音)。 The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. 風(fēng)把落葉從地上刮得飄了起來(lái)。 Her voice rose higher and higher with excitement. 由于激動(dòng)，她的聲音越來(lái)越大。 The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother.(=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) 那小孩從地上爬起來(lái)，朝他媽媽跑去。 She rises before it is light. 她常天沒(méi)亮就起床了。 Difficulties will arise as we do the work. 當(dāng)我們做這件事的時(shí)候，還會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種困難。 A strong wind arose and blew our boat onto the rock. 臺(tái)風(fēng)刮來(lái)，把我們的船刮得失去控制撞到巖石上了。 4. problem,question 1.problem表示“問(wèn)題”時(shí)，側(cè)重于疑難的或困難的問(wèn)題，或是要認(rèn)真思考作出決定的問(wèn)題，特別指數(shù)字、幾何、科研等方面有待解決的問(wèn)題。常作think about, solve, raise或work out的賓語(yǔ)。 e.g. Who can work out the maths problems? 誰(shuí)能算出這些數(shù)字習(xí)題？ We must solve this main problem. 我們必須解決這個(gè)主要問(wèn)題。 2.question也表示“問(wèn)題”，但側(cè)重于容易解決的一般問(wèn)題，特別指需要回答的問(wèn)題，常作ask和answer的賓語(yǔ)。 e.g. I can’t answer this question. 我無(wú)法回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 May I ask you a question? 我可以問(wèn)你個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？ IV、能力訓(xùn)練 (1)單句改錯(cuò) 1. It’s time for us to clean the desks. But we can’t find any clothes. 簡(jiǎn)析：把clothes改為cloths。cloth作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，是“布匹”的意思，它作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)表示有特殊用途的布，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為cloths,而clothes是“衣服”的意思，不符合本句意思，故改為cloths表示“擦桌布”。 2. He prefer swimming to play football in summer. 簡(jiǎn)析：將play改為playing。prefer A to B 等于like A better than B，即喜歡A勝過(guò)喜歡B，prefer+名詞/動(dòng)名詞+to+名詞/動(dòng)名詞，to 為介詞，故不能接動(dòng)詞原形。 3. The girl students in our school are not allowed wearing high-heel shoes. 簡(jiǎn)析：把wearing改為to wear。allow可接帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，“allow sb. to do sth.”表示“允許某人做某事”，其被動(dòng)式應(yīng)為“sb. be allowed to do sth.”。另外，allow可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成allow doing sth.表示“允許做某事”，此結(jié)構(gòu)不可用于表達(dá)該句意義。 4. My house is quite close from the station. 簡(jiǎn)析：把from改為to。表示“接近于……”，應(yīng)該是“be close to”，而不用“be close from”。 5. I apologize you that I had been so rude to you. 簡(jiǎn)析：此句應(yīng)為I apologize(to you) for being so rude to you. 表示“為某事向某人道歉”用apologize to sb. for sth./doing sth.,不能用that引導(dǎo)從句。 2.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子 1.我們必須充分利用時(shí)間來(lái)做好準(zhǔn)備工作。 We must ___________full___________ ___________the time to make preparations. 答案：make, use of 2.他停了一會(huì)兒，考慮如何寫(xiě)故事的結(jié)局。 He stopped ___________ ___________ ___________ considering how to write the end of the story. 答案：for a moment 3.爸爸不允許我們用他的錄音機(jī)。 Father will not ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ his recorder. 答案：allow us to use 4.到一個(gè)國(guó)家去你就得遵循當(dāng)?shù)厝说牧?xí)俗。 When you get to a new country, you’ll have to ___________ ___________ ___________ of the people there. 答案：follow the customs 5.瑪麗把我介紹給她家中的每一個(gè)人。 Mary ___________ ___________ ___________each one in her family. 答案：introduced me to 6.他病得厲害，只好請(qǐng)假。 Being very ill, he had to___________ ___________ leave. 答案：ask for